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/**********************************************************************
NEC uPD1771 as used in the Epoch Super Cassette Vision (SCV)
Made using recording/analysis on a Yeno (PAL Super Cassete Vision)
by plgDavid
Full markings on my 2 specimens are "NEC JAPAN 8431K9 D1771C 017"
31th week of 1984, mask rom #017
Ive seen mentions of a 006, 011 and 015 on part miner sites.
Since the chip generates tones using embeded wavetables,
it is probable other sounds are possible and were made for other embeded systems.
Its anyone's guess at this point in which products.
upd17XXX devices are typically 4bit NEC MCUs, so it wouldnt be a stretch to
say that this chip is part of that lot.
Maybe mask roms 006,011 and 015 dont generate audio at all.
Used pinout in the SCV:
NC 1 28 NC
NC 2 27 NC
NC 3 26 ACK
!WR 4 25 D7
!CS 5 24 D6
RESET 6 23 D5
NC 7 22 D4
VCC 8 21 D3
6Mhz XIN 9 20 D2
6Mhz XOUT 10 19 D1
AUDOUT 11 18 D0
NC 12 17 GND
AUDOUT(inv) 13 16 VCC
GND 14 15 ? tied to pin 16 (VCC) through a resistor (pullup?)
In the SCV:
pin 5 is tied to the !SCPU pin on the Epoch TV chip pin 29 (0x3600 writes)
pin 6 is tied to the PC3 pin of the upD7801 CPU
pin 26 is tied to the INT1 pin of the upD7801 (CPU pin 12),
1,2,3,28,27 dont generate any digital signals
6 seems to be lowered 2.5 ms before an audio write
7 is always low.
12 is always high
It is unknown which is the "real" VCC input betwwen pin 8 and 16,
same goes for GNDs on pin 14 and 17.
Pins 11 and 13 go to a special circuit, which according to kevtris's analysis
of my schematics, consist of a balanced output (not unlike XLR cables),
which are then combined togheter then sent to the RF box.
All NC pins are unknown, maybe some are "test" pins.
All writes are made through address 0x3600 on the upD7801
Instead of using register=value, this chip require sending multiple
bytes for each command, one after the other.
**********************************************************************/
#include "emu.h"
#include "upd1771.h"
#define LOG 0
#define MAX_PACKET_SIZE 0x8000
/*
Each of the 8 waveforms have been sampled at 192Khz using period 0xFF,
filtered, and each of the 32 levels have been calculated with averages on around 10 samples
(removing the transition samples) then quantized to 8bit signed.
We are not clear on the exact DAC details yet, especially with regards to volume changes
External AC coupling is assumed in the use of this DAC, so we will center the 8bit data using a signed container
*/
const char WAVEFORMS[8][32]={
{ -5, -5, -5,-117,-116, -53, -10, 127, 120, 108, 97, -121,-121,-121, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4, -4,-119,-119,-118, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2},
{ 6, -21, -1, -41, -1, 25, -35, -35, -1, -16, 34, 29, -37, -30, -33, -20, 38, -15, 50, -20, -20, -15, 7, -20, 77, -15, -37, 69, 93, -21, -38, -37},
{ -11, -4, -11, 51, -9, -11, -11, 84, 87,-112, 44, 102, -86,-112, 35, 103, -12, 51, -10, -12, -12, -9, -12, 13, -11, -44, 25, 103, -12, -5, -90,-101},
{ 40, 98, 31, 98, -1, 13, 58, 3, -18, 45, -5, -13, -5, -13, -5, -13, -5, -13, -5, -13, -10, -15,-121, 5, -17, 45,-128, 8, -16, -12, -16, -9},
{ -53,-101,-121,-128,-113, -77, -34, 5, 26, 63, 97, 117, 119, 119, 115, 99, 54, 13, -13, -11, -2, 3, 31, 52, 62, 74, 60, 51, 38, 22, 8, -14},
{ -86,-128, -60, 3, 65, 101, 119, 44, 37, 41, 51, 53, 55, 58, 58, 29, -12, 74, 82, 77, 59, 113, 52, 21, 24, 34, 39, 45, 48, 48, 48, -13},
{ -15, -18, -46, -67, -95,-111,-117,-124,-128,-123,-116, -105, -89, -72, -50, -21, 2, 16, 46, 76, 95, 111, 118, 119, 119, 119, 117, 110, 97, 75, 47, 18},
{ -84,-121,-128,-105, -51, 7, 38, 66, 93, 97, 93, 88, 89, 96, 102, 111, 116, 118, 118, 119, 118, 118, 117, 117, 118, 118, 117, 117, 117, 115, 85, -14}
};
#define NOISE_SIZE 255
static unsigned char noise_tbl[]=
{
0x1c,0x86,0x8a,0x8f,0x98,0xa1,0xad,0xbe,0xd9,0x8a,0x66,0x4d,0x40,0x33,0x2b,0x23,
0x1e,0x8a,0x90,0x97,0xa4,0xae,0xb8,0xd6,0xec,0xe9,0x69,0x4a,0x3e,0x34,0x2d,0x27,
0x24,0x24,0x89,0x8e,0x93,0x9c,0xa5,0xb0,0xc1,0xdd,0x40,0x36,0x30,0x29,0x27,0x24,
0x8b,0x90,0x96,0x9e,0xa7,0xb3,0xc4,0xe1,0x25,0x21,0x8a,0x8f,0x93,0x9d,0xa5,0xb2,
0xc2,0xdd,0xdd,0x98,0xa2,0xaf,0xbf,0xd8,0xfd,0x65,0x4a,0x3c,0x31,0x2b,0x24,0x22,
0x1e,0x87,0x8c,0x91,0x9a,0xa3,0xaf,0xc0,0xdb,0xbe,0xd9,0x8c,0x66,0x4d,0x40,0x34,
0x2c,0x24,0x1f,0x88,0x90,0x9a,0xa4,0xb2,0xc2,0xda,0xff,0x67,0x4d,0x3d,0x34,0x2d,
0x26,0x24,0x20,0x89,0x8e,0x93,0x9c,0xa5,0xb1,0xc2,0xde,0xc1,0xda,0xff,0x67,0x4d,
0x3d,0x33,0x2d,0x26,0x24,0x20,0x89,0x8e,0x93,0x9c,0xa5,0xb1,0xc2,0xdd,0xa3,0xb0,
0xc0,0xd9,0xfe,0x66,0x4b,0x3c,0x32,0x2b,0x24,0x23,0x1e,0x88,0x8d,0x92,0x9b,0xa4,
0xb0,0xc1,0xdc,0xad,0xbe,0xda,0x22,0x20,0x1c,0x85,0x8a,0x8f,0x98,0xa1,0xad,0xbe,
0xda,0x20,0x1b,0x85,0x8d,0x97,0xa1,0xaf,0xbf,0xd8,0xfd,0x64,0x49,0x3a,0x30,0x2a,
0x23,0x21,0x1d,0x86,0x8b,0x91,0x9a,0xa2,0xae,0xc0,0xdb,0x33,0x2b,0x24,0x1f,0x88,
0x90,0x9a,0xa4,0xb2,0xc2,0xda,0xff,0x67,0x4c,0x3e,0x33,0x2d,0x25,0x24,0x1f,0x89,
0x8e,0x93,0x9c,0xa5,0xb1,0xc2,0xde,0x85,0x8e,0x98,0xa2,0xb0,0xc0,0xd9,0xfe,0x64,
0x4b,0x3b,0x31,0x2a,0x23,0x22,0x1e,0x88,0x8c,0x91,0x9b,0xa3,0xaf,0xc1,0xdc,0xdc
};
#define STATE_SILENCE 0
#define STATE_NOISE 1
#define STATE_TONE 2
#define STATE_ADPCM 3
typedef struct _upd1771_state upd1771_state;
struct _upd1771_state
{
sound_stream *channel;
devcb_resolved_write_line ack_out_func;
emu_timer *timer;
UINT8 packet[MAX_PACKET_SIZE];
UINT32 index;
UINT8 expected_bytes;
UINT8 state;//0:silence, 1 noise, 2 tone
UINT8 pc3;
//tone
UINT8 t_timbre; //[0; 7]
UINT8 t_offset; //[0; 32]
UINT16 t_period; //[0;255]
UINT8 t_volume; //[0; 31]
UINT8 t_tpos;//timber pos
UINT16 t_ppos;//period pos
//noise wavetable LFSR
UINT8 nw_timbre; //[0; 7]
UINT8 nw_volume; //[0; 31]
UINT32 nw_period;
UINT32 nw_tpos; //timber pos
UINT32 nw_ppos; //period pos
//noise pulse components
UINT8 n_value[3]; //[0;1]
UINT16 n_volume[3]; //[0; 31]
UINT32 n_period[3];
UINT32 n_ppos[3]; //period pos
};
INLINE upd1771_state *get_safe_token(device_t *device)
{
assert(device != NULL);
assert(device->type() == UPD1771C);
return (upd1771_state *)downcast<upd1771c_device *>(device)->token();
}
/*
*************TONE*****************
Tone consist of a wavetable playback mechanism.
Each wavetable is a looping period of 32 samples but can be played with an offset from any point in the table
effectively shrinking the sample loop, thus allowing different pitch "macros ranges" to be played.
This method is rather crude because the spectrum of the sound get heavily altered...
unless that was the intent.
Tone Write (4 bytes):
Byte0: 0x02
Byte1: 0bTTTOOOOO
MSB 3 bits of Timbre (8 wavetables)
LSB 5 bits offset in the table.
Byte2: 0bPPPPPPPP
8bits of clock divider/period
Anything under <= 0x20 give the same value
Byte3: 0b???VVVVV
MSB 3 bits unknown
LSB 5 bits of "Volume"
Note: volume is not a volume in a normal sense but some kind
of bit cropping/rounding.
*/
/*
*************NOISE*****************
Noise consists on 4 different components
A weird Wavetable LFSR (for lack of a better term),
and three independent (but equal) low frequency
50/50 pulse wavs.
The 4 components are mixed in a mysterious way,
a weird ORing with volume having a huge effect.
Byte0: 0x01
Byte1: 0bTTTOOOOO
MSB 3 bits of LFSR Timbre (8 wavetables)
LSB 5 bits ?????????
Byte2: 0bPPPPPPPP
8bits of clock divider/period
Byte3: 0b???VVVVV
MSB 3 bits unknown
LSB 5 bits of "Volume"
Byte4: 0bPPPPPPPP Low Freq0 period(if not 0 this peridically resets the Wavetable LFSR)
Byte5: 0bPPPPPPPP Low Freq1 period(if not 0 this peridically resets the Wavetable LFSR)
Byte6: 0bPPPPPPPP Low Freq2 period(if not 0 this peridically resets the Wavetable LFSR)
Byte7: 0b???VVVVV Low Freq0 volume
Byte8: 0b???VVVVV Low Freq1 volume
Byte9: 0b???VVVVV Low Freq2 volume
*/
WRITE8_DEVICE_HANDLER( upd1771_w )
{
upd1771_state *state = get_safe_token( device );
//if (LOG)
// logerror( "upd1771_w: received byte 0x%02x\n", data );
state->ack_out_func(0);
if (state->index < MAX_PACKET_SIZE)
state->packet[state->index++]=data;
else{
logerror( "upd1771_w: received byte 0x%02x overload!\n", data );
return;
}
switch(state->packet[0]){
case 0:
{
state->state = STATE_SILENCE;
state->index = 0;
//logerror( "upd1771_w: ----------------silence state reset\n");
}break;
case 1:
{
if (state->index == 10){
state->state = STATE_NOISE;
state->index = 0;
state->nw_timbre = (state->packet[1] & 0xE0) >> 5;
state->nw_period = ((UINT32)state->packet[2]+1)<<7;
state->nw_volume = state->packet[3] & 0x1f;
//very long clocked periods.. used for engine drones
state->n_period[0] = (((UINT32)state->packet[4])+1)<<7;
state->n_period[1] = (((UINT32)state->packet[5])+1)<<7;
state->n_period[2] = (((UINT32)state->packet[6])+1)<<7;
state->n_volume[0] = state->packet[7]& 0x1f;
state->n_volume[1] = state->packet[8]& 0x1f;
state->n_volume[2] = state->packet[9]& 0x1f;
//logerror( "upd1771_w: ----------------noise state reset\n");
}
else
state->timer->adjust( attotime::from_ticks( 512, device->clock() ) );
}break;
case 2:
{
if (state->index == 4){
//logerror( "upd1771_w: ----------------tone state reset\n");
state->t_timbre = (state->packet[1] & 0xE0) >> 5;
state->t_offset = (state->packet[1] & 0x1F);
state->t_period = state->packet[2];
//smaller periods dont all equal to 0x20
if (state->t_period < 0x20)
state->t_period = 0x20;
state->t_volume = state->packet[3] & 0x1f;
state->state = STATE_TONE;
state->index = 0;
}
else
state->timer->adjust( attotime::from_ticks( 512, device->clock() ) );
}break;
case 0x1F:
{
//6Khz(ish) DIGI playback
//end capture
if (state->index >= 2 && state->packet[state->index-2] == 0xFE &&
state->packet[state->index-1] == 0x00){
//TODO play capture!
state->index = 0;
state->packet[0]=0;
state->state = STATE_ADPCM;
}
else
state->timer->adjust( attotime::from_ticks( 512, device->clock() ) );
}break;
//garbage: wipe stack
default:
state->state = STATE_SILENCE;
state->index = 0;
break;
}
}
WRITE_LINE_DEVICE_HANDLER( upd1771_pcm_w )
{
upd1771_state *upd1771 = get_safe_token( device );
//RESET upon HIGH
if (state != upd1771->pc3){
logerror( "upd1771_pc3 change!: state = %d\n", state );
upd1771->index = 0;
upd1771->packet[0]=0;
}
upd1771->pc3 = state;
}
static STREAM_UPDATE( upd1771c_update )
{
upd1771_state *state = get_safe_token( device );
stream_sample_t *buffer = outputs[0];
switch(state->state){
case STATE_TONE:
{
//logerror( "upd1771_STATE_TONE samps:%d %d %d %d %d %d\n",(int)samples,
// (int)state->t_timbre,(int)state->t_offset,(int)state->t_volume,(int)state->t_period,(int)state->t_tpos);
while ( --samples >= 0 ){
*buffer++ = (WAVEFORMS[state->t_timbre][state->t_tpos])*state->t_volume * 2;
state->t_ppos++;
if (state->t_ppos >= state->t_period){
state->t_tpos++;
if (state->t_tpos == 32)
state->t_tpos = state->t_offset;
state->t_ppos = 0;
}
}
}break;
case STATE_NOISE:
{
while (--samples >= 0 ){
*buffer = 0;
//"wavetable-LFSR" component
int wlfsr_val = ((int)noise_tbl[state->nw_tpos])-127;//data too wide
state->nw_ppos++;
if (state->nw_ppos >= state->nw_period){
state->nw_tpos++;
if (state->nw_tpos == NOISE_SIZE)
state->nw_tpos = 0;
state->nw_ppos = 0;
}
//mix in each of the noise's 3 pulse components
char res[3];
for (size_t i=0;i<3;++i){
res[i] = state->n_value[i]* 127;
state->n_ppos[i]++;
if (state->n_ppos[i] >= state->n_period[i]){
state->n_ppos[i] = 0;
state->n_value[i] = !state->n_value[i];
}
}
//not quite, but close.
*buffer+= (
(wlfsr_val*state->nw_volume) |
(res[0]*state->n_volume[0]) |
(res[1]*state->n_volume[1]) |
(res[2]*state->n_volume[2])
) ;
buffer++;
}
}break;
default:
{
//fill buffer with silence
while (--samples >= 0 ){
*buffer++ = 0;
}
}
break;
}
}
static TIMER_CALLBACK( upd1771c_callback )
{
device_t *device = (device_t *)ptr;
upd1771_state *state = get_safe_token( device );
state->ack_out_func(1);
}
static DEVICE_START( upd1771c )
{
const upd1771_interface *intf = (const upd1771_interface *)device->static_config();
upd1771_state *state = get_safe_token( device );
int sample_rate = device->clock() / 4;
/* resolve callbacks */
state->ack_out_func.resolve(intf->ack_callback, *device);
state->timer = device->machine().scheduler().timer_alloc(FUNC(upd1771c_callback), (void *)device );
state->channel = device->machine().sound().stream_alloc( *device, 0, 1, sample_rate, state, upd1771c_update );
device->save_item( NAME(state->packet) );
device->save_item(NAME(state->index) );
device->save_item(NAME(state->expected_bytes) );
}
static DEVICE_RESET( upd1771c )
{
upd1771_state *state = get_safe_token( device );
state->index = 0;
state->expected_bytes = 0;
state->pc3 = 0;
}
static DEVICE_STOP( upd1771c )
{
}
const device_type UPD1771C = &device_creator<upd1771c_device>;
upd1771c_device::upd1771c_device(const machine_config &mconfig, const char *tag, device_t *owner, UINT32 clock)
: device_t(mconfig, UPD1771C, "NEC uPD1771C 017", tag, owner, clock),
device_sound_interface(mconfig, *this)
{
m_token = global_alloc_array_clear(UINT8, sizeof(upd1771_state));
}
//-------------------------------------------------
// device_config_complete - perform any
// operations now that the configuration is
// complete
//-------------------------------------------------
void upd1771c_device::device_config_complete()
{
}
//-------------------------------------------------
// device_start - device-specific startup
//-------------------------------------------------
void upd1771c_device::device_start()
{
DEVICE_START_NAME( upd1771c )(this);
}
//-------------------------------------------------
// device_reset - device-specific reset
//-------------------------------------------------
void upd1771c_device::device_reset()
{
DEVICE_RESET_NAME( upd1771c )(this);
}
//-------------------------------------------------
// device_stop - device-specific stop
//-------------------------------------------------
void upd1771c_device::device_stop()
{
DEVICE_STOP_NAME( upd1771c )(this);
}
//-------------------------------------------------
// sound_stream_update - handle a stream update
//-------------------------------------------------
void upd1771c_device::sound_stream_update(sound_stream &stream, stream_sample_t **inputs, stream_sample_t **outputs, int samples)
{
// should never get here
fatalerror("sound_stream_update called; not applicable to legacy sound devices\n");
}
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