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// license:BSD-3-Clause
// copyright-holders:Aaron Giles
/***************************************************************************
emupal.h
Palette device.
****************************************************************************
There are several levels of abstraction in the way MAME handles the palette,
and several display modes which can be used by the drivers.
Palette
-------
Note: in the following text, "color" refers to a color in the emulated
game's virtual palette. For example, a game might be able to display 1024
colors at the same time. If the game uses RAM to change the available
colors, the term "palette" refers to the colors available at any given time,
not to the whole range of colors which can be produced by the hardware. The
latter is referred to as "color space".
The term "pen" refers to one of the maximum MAX_PENS colors that can be
used to generate the display.
So, to summarize, the three layers of palette abstraction are:
P1) The game virtual palette (the "colors")
P2) MAME's MAX_PENS colors palette (the "pens")
P3) The OS specific hardware color registers (the "OS specific pens")
The array Machine->pens[] is a lookup table which maps game colors to OS
specific pens (P1 to P3). When you are working on bitmaps at the pixel level,
*always* use Machine->pens to map the color numbers. *Never* use constants.
For example if you want to make pixel (x,y) of color 3, do:
*BITMAP_ADDR(bitmap, <type>, y, x) = Machine->pens[3];
Lookup table
------------
Palettes are only half of the story. To map the gfx data to colors, the
graphics routines use a lookup table. For example if we have 4bpp tiles,
which can have 256 different color codes, the lookup table for them will have
256 * 2^4 = 4096 elements. For games using a palette RAM, the lookup table is
usually a 1:1 map. For games using PROMs, the lookup table is often larger
than the palette itself so for example the game can display 256 colors out
of a palette of 16.
The palette and the lookup table are initialized to default values by the
main core, but can be initialized by the driver using the function
MachineDriver->vh_init_palette(). For games using palette RAM, that
function is usually not needed, and the lookup table can be set up by
properly initializing the color_codes_start and total_color_codes fields in
the GfxDecodeInfo array.
When vh_init_palette() initializes the lookup table, it maps gfx codes
to game colors (P1 above). The lookup table will be converted by the core to
map to OS specific pens (P3 above), and stored in Machine->remapped_colortable.
Display modes
-------------
The available display modes can be summarized in three categories:
1) Static palette. Use this for games which use PROMs for color generation.
The palette is initialized by palette_init(), and never changed
again.
2) Dynamic palette. Use this for games which use RAM for color generation.
The palette can be dynamically modified by the driver using the function
palette_set_color().
3) Direct mapped 16-bit or 32-bit color. This should only be used in special
cases, e.g. to support alpha blending.
MachineDriver->video_attributes must contain VIDEO_RGB_DIRECT.
Shadows(Highlights) Quick Reference
-----------------------------------
1) declare MCFG_VIDEO_ATTRIBUTES( ... )
2) make a pen table fill with DRAWMODE_NONE, DRAWMODE_SOURCE or DRAWMODE_SHADOW
3) (optional) set shadow darkness or highlight brightness by
set_shadow_factor(0.0-1.0) or
_set_highlight_factor(1.0-n.n)
4) before calling drawgfx use
palette_set_shadow_mode(0) to arm shadows or
palette_set_shadow_mode(1) to arm highlights
5) call drawgfx_transtable
drawgfx_transtable( ..., pentable )
******************************************************************************/
#pragma once
#ifndef __EMU_H__
#error Dont include this file directly; include emu.h instead.
#endif
#ifndef __EMUPAL_H__
#define __EMUPAL_H__
//**************************************************************************
// CONSTANTS
//**************************************************************************
#define PALETTE_DEFAULT_SHADOW_FACTOR (0.6)
#define PALETTE_DEFAULT_HIGHLIGHT_FACTOR (1/PALETTE_DEFAULT_SHADOW_FACTOR)
#define PALETTE_INIT_NAME(_Name) palette_init_##_Name
#define DECLARE_PALETTE_INIT(_Name) void PALETTE_INIT_NAME(_Name)(palette_device &palette)
#define PALETTE_INIT(_Name) void PALETTE_INIT_NAME(_Name)(palette_device &dummy, palette_device &palette) // legacy
#define PALETTE_INIT_MEMBER(_Class, _Name) void _Class::PALETTE_INIT_NAME(_Name)(palette_device &palette)
// standard 3-3-2 formats
#define PALETTE_FORMAT_BBGGGRRR raw_to_rgb_converter(1, &raw_to_rgb_converter::standard_rgb_decoder<3,3,2, 0,3,6>)
#define PALETTE_FORMAT_RRRGGGBB raw_to_rgb_converter(1, &raw_to_rgb_converter::standard_rgb_decoder<3,3,2, 5,2,0>)
// standard 2-2-2-2 formats
#define PALETTE_FORMAT_BBGGRRII raw_to_rgb_converter(1, &raw_to_rgb_converter::BBGGRRII_decoder)
// standard 4-4-4 formats
#define PALETTE_FORMAT_xxxxBBBBGGGGRRRR raw_to_rgb_converter(2, &raw_to_rgb_converter::standard_rgb_decoder<4,4,4, 0,4,8>)
#define PALETTE_FORMAT_xxxxBBBBRRRRGGGG raw_to_rgb_converter(2, &raw_to_rgb_converter::standard_rgb_decoder<4,4,4, 4,0,8>)
#define PALETTE_FORMAT_xxxxRRRRBBBBGGGG raw_to_rgb_converter(2, &raw_to_rgb_converter::standard_rgb_decoder<4,4,4, 8,0,4>)
#define PALETTE_FORMAT_xxxxRRRRGGGGBBBB raw_to_rgb_converter(2, &raw_to_rgb_converter::standard_rgb_decoder<4,4,4, 8,4,0>)
#define PALETTE_FORMAT_RRRRGGGGBBBBxxxx raw_to_rgb_converter(2, &raw_to_rgb_converter::standard_rgb_decoder<4,4,4, 12,8,4>)
// standard 4-4-4-4 formats
#define PALETTE_FORMAT_IIIIRRRRGGGGBBBB raw_to_rgb_converter(2, &raw_to_rgb_converter::standard_irgb_decoder<4,4,4,4, 12,8,4,0>)
#define PALETTE_FORMAT_RRRRGGGGBBBBIIII raw_to_rgb_converter(2, &raw_to_rgb_converter::standard_irgb_decoder<4,4,4,4, 0,12,8,4>)
// standard 5-5-5 formats
#define PALETTE_FORMAT_xBBBBBGGGGGRRRRR raw_to_rgb_converter(2, &raw_to_rgb_converter::standard_rgb_decoder<5,5,5, 0,5,10>)
#define PALETTE_FORMAT_xBBBBBRRRRRGGGGG raw_to_rgb_converter(2, &raw_to_rgb_converter::standard_rgb_decoder<5,5,5, 5,0,10>)
#define PALETTE_FORMAT_xRRRRRGGGGGBBBBB raw_to_rgb_converter(2, &raw_to_rgb_converter::standard_rgb_decoder<5,5,5, 10,5,0>)
#define PALETTE_FORMAT_xGGGGGRRRRRBBBBB raw_to_rgb_converter(2, &raw_to_rgb_converter::standard_rgb_decoder<5,5,5, 5,10,0>)
#define PALETTE_FORMAT_xGGGGGBBBBBRRRRR raw_to_rgb_converter(2, &raw_to_rgb_converter::standard_rgb_decoder<5,5,5, 0,10,5>)
#define PALETTE_FORMAT_RRRRRGGGGGBBBBBx raw_to_rgb_converter(2, &raw_to_rgb_converter::standard_rgb_decoder<5,5,5, 11,6,1>)
#define PALETTE_FORMAT_GGGGGRRRRRBBBBBx raw_to_rgb_converter(2, &raw_to_rgb_converter::standard_rgb_decoder<5,5,5, 6,11,1>)
#define PALETTE_FORMAT_RRRRGGGGBBBBRGBx raw_to_rgb_converter(2, &raw_to_rgb_converter::RRRRGGGGBBBBRGBx_decoder)
#define PALETTE_FORMAT_xRGBRRRRGGGGBBBB raw_to_rgb_converter(2, &raw_to_rgb_converter::xRGBRRRRGGGGBBBB_decoder)
// standard 5-6-5 formats
#define PALETTE_FORMAT_BBBBBGGGGGGRRRRR raw_to_rgb_converter(2, &raw_to_rgb_converter::standard_rgb_decoder<5,6,5, 0,5,11>)
// standard 8-8-8 formats
#define PALETTE_FORMAT_XRGB raw_to_rgb_converter(4, &raw_to_rgb_converter::standard_rgb_decoder<8,8,8, 16,8,0>)
#define PALETTE_FORMAT_XBGR raw_to_rgb_converter(4, &raw_to_rgb_converter::standard_rgb_decoder<8,8,8, 0,8,16>)
#define PALETTE_FORMAT_XBRG raw_to_rgb_converter(4, &raw_to_rgb_converter::standard_rgb_decoder<8,8,8, 8,0,16>)
#define PALETTE_FORMAT_XGRB raw_to_rgb_converter(4, &raw_to_rgb_converter::standard_rgb_decoder<8,8,8, 8,16,0>)
#define PALETTE_FORMAT_RGBX raw_to_rgb_converter(4, &raw_to_rgb_converter::standard_rgb_decoder<8,8,8, 24,16,8>)
//**************************************************************************
// DEVICE CONFIGURATION MACROS
//**************************************************************************
#define MCFG_PALETTE_ADD(_tag, _entries) \
MCFG_DEVICE_ADD(_tag, PALETTE, 0) \
MCFG_PALETTE_ENTRIES(_entries)
#define MCFG_PALETTE_ADD_INIT_BLACK(_tag, _entries) \
MCFG_PALETTE_ADD(_tag, _entries) \
palette_device::static_set_init(*device, palette_init_delegate(FUNC(palette_device::palette_init_all_black), downcast<palette_device *>(device)));
#define MCFG_PALETTE_MODIFY MCFG_DEVICE_MODIFY
#define MCFG_PALETTE_INIT_OWNER(_class, _method) \
palette_device::static_set_init(*device, palette_init_delegate(&_class::PALETTE_INIT_NAME(_method), #_class "::palette_init_" #_method, downcast<_class *>(owner)));
#define MCFG_PALETTE_INIT_DEVICE(_tag, _class, _method) \
palette_device::static_set_init(*device, palette_init_delegate(&_class::PALETTE_INIT_NAME(_method), #_class "::palette_init_" #_method, _tag));
#define MCFG_PALETTE_FORMAT(_format) \
palette_device::static_set_format(*device, PALETTE_FORMAT_##_format);
#define MCFG_PALETTE_ENDIANNESS(_endianness) \
palette_device::static_set_endianness(*device, _endianness);
#define MCFG_PALETTE_ENTRIES(_entries) \
palette_device::static_set_entries(*device, _entries);
#define MCFG_PALETTE_INDIRECT_ENTRIES(_entries) \
palette_device::static_set_indirect_entries(*device, _entries);
#define MCFG_PALETTE_ENABLE_SHADOWS() \
palette_device::static_enable_shadows(*device);
#define MCFG_PALETTE_ENABLE_HILIGHTS() \
palette_device::static_enable_hilights(*device);
// standard palettes
#define MCFG_PALETTE_ADD_BLACK_AND_WHITE(_tag) \
MCFG_PALETTE_ADD(_tag, 2) \
palette_device::static_set_init(*device, palette_init_delegate(FUNC(palette_device::palette_init_black_and_white), downcast<palette_device *>(device)));
#define MCFG_PALETTE_ADD_WHITE_AND_BLACK(_tag) \
MCFG_PALETTE_ADD(_tag, 2) \
palette_device::static_set_init(*device, palette_init_delegate(FUNC(palette_device::palette_init_white_and_black), downcast<palette_device *>(device)));
#define MCFG_PALETTE_ADD_MONOCHROME_AMBER(_tag) \
MCFG_PALETTE_ADD(_tag, 2) \
palette_device::static_set_init(*device, palette_init_delegate(FUNC(palette_device::palette_init_monochrome_amber), downcast<palette_device *>(device)));
#define MCFG_PALETTE_ADD_MONOCHROME_GREEN(_tag) \
MCFG_PALETTE_ADD(_tag, 2) \
palette_device::static_set_init(*device, palette_init_delegate(FUNC(palette_device::palette_init_monochrome_green), downcast<palette_device *>(device)));
#define MCFG_PALETTE_ADD_MONOCHROME_GREEN_HIGHLIGHT(_tag) \
MCFG_PALETTE_ADD(_tag, 3) \
palette_device::static_set_init(*device, palette_init_delegate(FUNC(palette_device::palette_init_monochrome_green_highlight), downcast<palette_device *>(device)));
#define MCFG_PALETTE_ADD_MONOCHROME_YELLOW(_tag) \
MCFG_PALETTE_ADD(_tag, 2) \
palette_device::static_set_init(*device, palette_init_delegate(FUNC(palette_device::palette_init_monochrome_yellow), downcast<palette_device *>(device)));
#define MCFG_PALETTE_ADD_RRRRRGGGGGBBBBB(_tag) \
MCFG_PALETTE_ADD(_tag, 32768) \
palette_device::static_set_init(*device, palette_init_delegate(FUNC(palette_device::palette_init_RRRRRGGGGGBBBBB), downcast<palette_device *>(device)));
#define MCFG_PALETTE_ADD_BBBBBGGGGGRRRRR(_tag) \
MCFG_PALETTE_ADD(_tag, 32768) \
palette_device::static_set_init(*device, palette_init_delegate(FUNC(palette_device::palette_init_BBBBBGGGGGRRRRR), downcast<palette_device *>(device)));
#define MCFG_PALETTE_ADD_RRRRRGGGGGGBBBBB(_tag) \
MCFG_PALETTE_ADD(_tag, 65536) \
palette_device::static_set_init(*device, palette_init_delegate(FUNC(palette_device::palette_init_RRRRRGGGGGGBBBBB), downcast<palette_device *>(device)));
// other standard palettes
#define MCFG_PALETTE_ADD_RRRRGGGGBBBB_PROMS(_tag, _entries) \
MCFG_PALETTE_ADD(_tag, _entries) \
palette_device::static_set_init(*device, palette_init_delegate(FUNC(palette_device::palette_init_RRRRGGGGBBBB_proms), downcast<palette_device *>(device)));
// not implemented yet
#if 0
#define MCFG_PALETTE_ADD_HARDCODED(_tag, _array) \
MCFG_PALETTE_ADD(_tag, sizeof(_array) / 3) \
palette_device::static_set_init(*device, palette_init_delegate(FUNC(palette_device::palette_init_RRRRGGGGBBBB_proms), downcast<palette_device *>(device)));
#endif
//**************************************************************************
// TYPE DEFINITIONS
//**************************************************************************
typedef device_delegate<void (palette_device &)> palette_init_delegate;
// ======================> raw_to_rgb_converter
class raw_to_rgb_converter
{
// helper function
typedef rgb_t (*raw_to_rgb_func)(UINT32 raw);
public:
// constructor
raw_to_rgb_converter(int bytes_per_entry = 0, raw_to_rgb_func func = NULL)
: m_bytes_per_entry(bytes_per_entry),
m_func(func) { }
// getters
int bytes_per_entry() const { return m_bytes_per_entry; }
// helpers
rgb_t operator()(UINT32 raw) const { return (*m_func)(raw); }
// generic raw-to-RGB conversion helpers
template<int _RedBits, int _GreenBits, int _BlueBits, int _RedShift, int _GreenShift, int _BlueShift>
static rgb_t standard_rgb_decoder(UINT32 raw)
{
UINT8 r = palexpand<_RedBits>(raw >> _RedShift);
UINT8 g = palexpand<_GreenBits>(raw >> _GreenShift);
UINT8 b = palexpand<_BlueBits>(raw >> _BlueShift);
return rgb_t(r, g, b);
}
template<int _IntBits, int _RedBits, int _GreenBits, int _BlueBits, int _IntShift, int _RedShift, int _GreenShift, int _BlueShift>
static rgb_t standard_irgb_decoder(UINT32 raw)
{
UINT8 i = palexpand<_IntBits>(raw >> _IntShift);
UINT8 r = (i * palexpand<_RedBits>(raw >> _RedShift)) >> 8;
UINT8 g = (i * palexpand<_GreenBits>(raw >> _GreenShift)) >> 8;
UINT8 b = (i * palexpand<_BlueBits>(raw >> _BlueShift)) >> 8;
return rgb_t(r, g, b);
}
static rgb_t BBGGRRII_decoder(UINT32 raw)
{
UINT8 i = (raw >> 0) & 3;
UINT8 r = pal4bit(((raw >> 0) & 0x0c) | i);
UINT8 g = pal4bit(((raw >> 2) & 0x0c) | i);
UINT8 b = pal4bit(((raw >> 4) & 0x0c) | i);
return rgb_t(r, g, b);
}
// other standard decoders
static rgb_t RRRRGGGGBBBBRGBx_decoder(UINT32 raw); // bits 3/2/1 are LSb
static rgb_t xRGBRRRRGGGGBBBB_decoder(UINT32 raw); // bits 14/13/12 are LSb
private:
// internal data
int m_bytes_per_entry;
raw_to_rgb_func m_func;
};
// ======================> palette_device
// device type definition
extern const device_type PALETTE;
class palette_device : public device_t
{
static const int MAX_SHADOW_PRESETS = 4;
public:
// construction/destruction
palette_device(const machine_config &mconfig, const char *tag, device_t *owner, UINT32 clock);
// static configuration
static void static_set_init(device_t &device, palette_init_delegate init);
static void static_set_format(device_t &device, raw_to_rgb_converter raw_to_rgb);
static void static_set_endianness(device_t &device, endianness_t endianness);
static void static_set_entries(device_t &device, int entries);
static void static_set_indirect_entries(device_t &device, int entries);
static void static_enable_shadows(device_t &device);
static void static_enable_hilights(device_t &device);
// getters
int entries() const { return m_entries; }
int indirect_entries() const { return m_indirect_entries; }
palette_t *palette() const { return m_palette; }
const pen_t &pen(int index) const { return m_pens[index]; }
const pen_t *pens() const { return m_pens; }
pen_t *shadow_table() const { return m_shadow_table; }
rgb_t pen_color(pen_t pen) { return m_palette->entry_color(pen); }
double pen_contrast(pen_t pen) { return m_palette->entry_contrast(pen); }
pen_t black_pen() const { return m_black_pen; }
pen_t white_pen() const { return m_white_pen; }
memory_array &basemem() { return m_paletteram; }
memory_array &extmem() { return m_paletteram_ext; }
bool shadows_enabled() { return m_enable_shadows; }
bool hilights_enabled() { return m_enable_hilights; }
// setters
void set_pen_color(pen_t pen, rgb_t rgb) { m_palette->entry_set_color(pen, rgb); }
void set_pen_color(pen_t pen, UINT8 r, UINT8 g, UINT8 b) { m_palette->entry_set_color(pen, rgb_t(r, g, b)); }
void set_pen_colors(pen_t color_base, const rgb_t *colors, int color_count) { while (color_count--) set_pen_color(color_base++, *colors++); }
void set_pen_contrast(pen_t pen, double bright) { m_palette->entry_set_contrast(pen, bright); }
// indirection (aka colortables)
UINT16 pen_indirect(int index) const { return m_indirect_pens[index]; }
rgb_t indirect_color(int index) const { return m_indirect_colors[index]; }
void set_indirect_color(int index, rgb_t rgb);
void set_pen_indirect(pen_t pen, UINT16 index);
UINT32 transpen_mask(gfx_element &gfx, int color, int transcolor);
void configure_tilemap_groups(tilemap_t &tmap, gfx_element &gfx, int transcolor);
// shadow config
void set_shadow_factor(double factor) { assert(m_shadow_group != 0); m_palette->group_set_contrast(m_shadow_group, factor); }
void set_highlight_factor(double factor) { assert(m_hilight_group != 0); m_palette->group_set_contrast(m_hilight_group, factor); }
void set_shadow_mode(int mode) { assert(mode >= 0 && mode < MAX_SHADOW_PRESETS); m_shadow_table = m_shadow_tables[mode].base; }
// generic read/write handlers
DECLARE_READ8_MEMBER(read);
DECLARE_WRITE8_MEMBER(write);
DECLARE_WRITE8_MEMBER(write_ext);
DECLARE_READ16_MEMBER(read);
DECLARE_WRITE16_MEMBER(write);
DECLARE_WRITE16_MEMBER(write_ext);
DECLARE_READ32_MEMBER(read);
DECLARE_WRITE32_MEMBER(write);
// generic palette init routines
void palette_init_all_black(palette_device &palette);
void palette_init_black_and_white(palette_device &palette);
void palette_init_white_and_black(palette_device &palette);
void palette_init_monochrome_amber(palette_device &palette);
void palette_init_monochrome_green(palette_device &palette);
void palette_init_monochrome_green_highlight(palette_device &palette);
void palette_init_monochrome_yellow(palette_device &palette);
void palette_init_RRRRGGGGBBBB_proms(palette_device &palette);
void palette_init_RRRRRGGGGGBBBBB(palette_device &palette);
void palette_init_BBBBBGGGGGRRRRR(palette_device &palette);
void palette_init_RRRRRGGGGGGBBBBB(palette_device &palette);
// helper to update palette when data changed
void update() { if (!m_init.isnull()) m_init(*this); }
protected:
// device-level overrides
virtual void device_validity_check(validity_checker &valid) const;
virtual void device_start();
virtual void device_pre_save();
virtual void device_post_load();
virtual void device_stop();
void allocate_palette();
void allocate_color_tables();
void allocate_shadow_tables();
void update_for_write(offs_t byte_offset, int bytes_modified);
public: // needed by konamigx
void set_shadow_dRGB32(int mode, int dr, int dg, int db, bool noclip);
protected:
void configure_rgb_shadows(int mode, float factor);
private:
// configuration state
int m_entries; // number of entries in the palette
int m_indirect_entries; // number of indirect colors in the palette
bool m_enable_shadows; // are shadows enabled?
bool m_enable_hilights; // are hilights enabled?
endianness_t m_endianness; // endianness of palette RAM
bool m_endianness_supplied; // endianness supplied in static config
// palette RAM
raw_to_rgb_converter m_raw_to_rgb; // format of palette RAM
memory_array m_paletteram; // base memory
memory_array m_paletteram_ext; // extended memory
// internal state
palette_t * m_palette; // the palette itself
const pen_t * m_pens; // remapped palette pen numbers
bitmap_format m_format; // format assumed for palette data
pen_t * m_shadow_table; // table for looking up a shadowed pen
UINT32 m_shadow_group; // index of the shadow group, or 0 if none
UINT32 m_hilight_group; // index of the hilight group, or 0 if none
pen_t m_white_pen; // precomputed white pen value
pen_t m_black_pen; // precomputed black pen value
// indirection state
dynamic_array<rgb_t> m_indirect_colors; // actual colors set for indirection
dynamic_array<UINT16> m_indirect_pens; // indirection values
struct shadow_table_data
{
pen_t * base; // pointer to the base of the table
INT16 dr; // delta red value
INT16 dg; // delta green value
INT16 db; // delta blue value
bool noclip; // clip?
};
shadow_table_data m_shadow_tables[MAX_SHADOW_PRESETS]; // array of shadow table data
dynamic_array<pen_t> m_save_pen; // pens for save/restore
dynamic_array<float> m_save_contrast; // brightness for save/restore
dynamic_array<pen_t> m_pen_array;
dynamic_array<pen_t> m_shadow_array;
dynamic_array<pen_t> m_hilight_array;
palette_init_delegate m_init;
};
// device type iterator
typedef device_type_iterator<&device_creator<palette_device>, palette_device> palette_device_iterator;
#endif // __EMUPAL_H__
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