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* Port from MESS, nw Angelo Salese2011-06-281-1/+1
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* Added byuu's cothread library, along with a wrapper class. Switched to Aaron Giles2011-06-251-0/+20
| | | | | | | | | | | | using one cothread for each executable device. This functionality is strictly internal and should result in no changes in scheduling behavior. However, it now becomes possible to exit out of a device's execution in the midst of an instruction by calling machine().scheduler().make_active(). Note that this is somewhat dangerous for cores that have logic at the start of their execute loop to check for interrupts or other conditions, as those checks will be skipped upon resume, so consider this sort of early exiting to be highly experimental for now. [Aaron Giles, Miodrag Milanovic, byuu]
* Switch to using delegates for some callbacks: Aaron Giles2011-04-271-31/+12
| | | | | | | | | | | | - non-device timer callbacks - machine state changing callbacks - configuration callbacks - per-screen VBLANK callbacks - DRC backend callbacks For the timer case only, I added wrappers for the old-style functions. Over time, drivers should switch to device timers instead, reducing the number of timers that are directly allocated through the scheduler.
* Collapsed device_config and device_t into one class. Updated all Aaron Giles2011-04-271-238/+215
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | existing modern devices and the legacy wrappers to work in this environment. This in general greatly simplifies writing a modern device. [Aaron Giles] General notes: * some more cleanup probably needs to happen behind this change, but I needed to get it in before the next device modernization or import from MESS :) * new template function device_creator which automatically defines the static function that creates the device; use this instead of creating a static_alloc_device_config function * added device_stop() method which is called at around the time the previous device_t's destructor was called; if you auto_free anything, do it here because the machine is gone when the destructor is called * changed the static_set_* calls to pass a device_t & instead of a device_config * * for many devices, the static config structure member names over- lapped the device's names for devcb_* functions; in these cases the members in the interface were renamed to have a _cb suffix * changed the driver_enumerator to only cache 100 machine_configs because caching them all took a ton of memory; fortunately this implementation detail is completely hidden behind the driver_enumerator interface * got rid of the macros for creating derived classes; doing it manually is now clean enough that it isn't worth hiding the details in a macro
* BIG update. Aaron Giles2011-03-291-12/+12
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Remove redundant machine items from address_space and device_t. Neither machine nor m_machine are directly accessible anymore. Instead a new getter machine() is available which returns a machine reference. So: space->machine->xxx ==> space->machine().xxx device->machine->yyy ==> device->machine().yyy Globally changed all running_machine pointers to running_machine references. Any function/method that takes a running_machine takes it as a required parameter (1 or 2 exceptions). Being consistent here gets rid of a lot of odd &machine or *machine, but it does mean a very large bulk change across the project. Structs which have a running_machine * now have that variable renamed to m_machine, and now have a shiny new machine() method that works like the space and device methods above. Since most of these are things that should eventually be devices anyway, consider this a step in that direction. 98% of the update was done with regex searches. The changes are architected such that the compiler will catch the remaining errors: // find things that use an embedded machine directly and replace // with a machine() getter call S: ->machine-> R: ->machine\(\)\. // do the same if via a reference S: \.machine-> R: \.machine\(\)\. // convert function parameters to running_machine & S: running_machine \*machine([^;]) R: running_machine \&machine\1 // replace machine-> with machine. S: machine-> R: machine\. // replace &machine() with machine() S: \&([()->a-z0-9_]+machine\(\)) R: \1 // sanity check: look for this used as a cast (running_machine &) // and change to this: *(running_machine *)
* Converted core_options to a class. Removed a bunch of marginal Aaron Giles2011-03-031-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | functionality in favor of alternate mechanisms. Errors are now reported via an astring rather than via callbacks. Every option must now specify a type (command, integer, float, string, boolean, etc). Command behavior has changed so that only one command is permitted. [Aaron Giles] Changed fileio system to accept just a raw searchpath instead of an options/option name combination. [Aaron Giles] Created emu_options class dervied from core_options which wraps core emulator options. Added mechanisms to cleanly change the system name and add/remove system-specific options, versus the old way using callbacks. Also added read accessors for all the options, to ensure consistency in how parameters are handled. Changed most core systems to access emu_options instead of core_options. Also changed machine->options() to return emu_options. [Aaron Giles] Created cli_options class derived from emu_options which adds the command-line specific options. Updated clifront code to leverage the new class and the new core behaviors. cli_execute() now accepts a cli_options object when called. [Aaron Giles] Updated both SDL and Windows to have their own options classes, derived from cli_options, which add the OSD-specific options on top of everything else. Added accessors for all the options so that queries are strongly typed and simplified. [Aaron Giles] Out of whatsnew: I've surely screwed up some stuff, though I have smoke tested a bunch of things. Let me know if you hit anything odd. Also I know this change will impact the WINUI stuff, please let me know if there are issues. All the functionality necessary should still be present. If it's not obvious, please talk to me before adding stuff to the core_options class.
* mame_file is now emu_file and is a class. It is required Aaron Giles2011-02-121-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | to pass a core_options object to the constructor, along with a search path. This required pushing either a running_machine or a core_options through some code that wasn't previously ready to handle it. emu_files can be reused over multiple open/close sessions, and a lot of core code cleaned up nicely as things were converted to them. Also created a file_enumerator class for iterating over files in a searchpath. This replaces the old mame_openpath functions. Changed machine->options() to return a reference. Removed public nvram_open() and fixed jchan/kaneko16 to stop directly saving NVRAM. Removed most of the mame_options() calls; this will soon go away entirely, so don't add any more. Added core_options to device_validity_check() so they can be used to validate things.
* Get rid of state_save_register_device_* macros in favor of direct Aaron Giles2011-02-091-11/+11
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | calls on the device object. Regex used: state_save_register_device_item( *)\(( *)([^,]+), *([^,]+),( *)([^ )]+)( *)\) \3->save_item\1\(\2NAME\(\6\),\5\4\7\) state_save_register_device_item_array( *)\(( *)([^,]+), *([^,]+),( *)([^ )]+)( *)\) \3->save_item\1\(\2NAME\(\6\),\5\4\7\) state_save_register_device_item_2d_array( *)\(( *)([^,]+), *([^,]+),( *)([^ )]+)( *)\) \3->save_item\1\(\2NAME\(\6\),\5\4\7\) state_save_register_device_item_bitmap( *)\(( *)([^,]+), *([^,]+),( *)([^ )]+)( *)\) \3->save_item\1\(\2NAME\(\*\6\),\5\4\7\) state_save_register_device_item_pointer( *)\(( *)([^,]+), *([^,]+),( *)([^,]+), *([^ )]+)( *)\) \3->save_pointer\1\(\2NAME\(\6\),\5\7,\5\4\8\) this->save_ save_ (save_item[^;]+), *0( *)\); \1\2\); (save_pointer[^;]+), *0( *)\); \1\2\);
* Moved the state saving system to C++. For now the registration macros Aaron Giles2011-02-081-2/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | are still intact. The new state_manager class has templatized methods for saving the various types, and through template specialization can save more complex system types cleanly (like bitmaps and attotimes). Added new mechanism to detect proper state save types. This is much more strict and there will likely be some games/devices that fatalerror at startup until they are remedied. Spot checking has caught the more common situations. The new state_manager is embedded directly in the running_machine, allowing objects to register state saving in their constructors now. Added NAME() macro which is a generalization of FUNC() and can be used to wrap variables that are registered when directly using the new methods as opposed to the previous macros. For example: machine->state().save_item(NAME(global_item)) Added methods in the device_t class that implicitly register state against the current device, making for a cleaner interface. Just a couple of required regexes for now: state_save_register_postload( *)\(( *)([^,;]+), * \3->state().register_postload\1\(\2 state_save_register_presave( *)\(( *)([^,;]+), * \3->state().register_presave\1\(\2
* Move generic templates from emucore.h to emutempl.h. Aaron Giles2011-02-071-1/+1
| | | | | | Normalize the tagged_list template to wrap a regular standard_list and have similar semantics. Updated a few direct callers to handle the changes.
* As promised, the bulk update of timer calls: Aaron Giles2011-02-061-3/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | timer_adjust_oneshot(t,...) => t->adjust(...) timer_adjust_periodic(t,...) => t->adjust(...) timer_reset(t,...) => t->reset(...) timer_enable(t,...) => t->enable(...) timer_enabled(t) => t->enabled() timer_get_param(t) => t->param() timer_get_ptr(t) => t->ptr() timer_set_param(t,...) => t->set_param(...) timer_set_ptr(t) => t->set_ptr(...) timer_timeelapsed(t) => t->elapsed() timer_timeleft(t) => t->remaining() timer_starttime(t) => t->start() timer_firetime(t) => t->expire() Also remove some stray legacy cpuexec* macros that were lurking in schedule.h): cpuexec_describe_context(m) => m->describe_context() cpuexec_boost_interleave(m,...) => m->scheduler().boot_interleave(...) cpuexec_trigger(m,...) => m->scheduler().trigger(...) cpuexec_triggertime(m,...) => m->scheduler().trigger(...) Specific regex'es used: timer_adjust_oneshot( *)\(( *)([^,;]+), * \3->adjust\1\(\2 timer_adjust_periodic( *)\(( *)([^,;]+), * \3->adjust\1\(\2 (->adjust.*), *0( *)\) \1\2\) timer_reset( *)\(( *)([^,;]+), * \3->reset\1\(\2 (->reset *\(.*)attotime::never \1 timer_enable( *)\(( *)([^,;]+), * \3->enable\1\(\2 timer_enabled( *)\(( *)([^,;)]+)\) \3->enabled\1\(\2\) timer_get_param( *)\(( *)([^,;)]+)\) \3->param\1\(\2\) timer_get_ptr( *)\(( *)([^,;)]+)\) \3->ptr\1\(\2\) timer_timeelapsed( *)\(( *)([^,;)]+)\) \3->elapsed\1\(\2\) timer_timeleft( *)\(( *)([^,;)]+)\) \3->remaining\1\(\2\) timer_starttime( *)\(( *)([^,;)]+)\) \3->start\1\(\2\) timer_firetime( *)\(( *)([^,;)]+)\) \3->expire\1\(\2\) timer_set_param( *)\(( *)([^,;]+), * \3->set_param\1\(\2 timer_set_ptr( *)\(( *)([^,;]+), * \3->set_ptr\1\(\2 cpuexec_describe_context( *)\(( *)([^,;)]+)\) \3->describe_context\1\(\2\) \&m_machine->describe_context m_machine.describe_context cpuexec_boost_interleave( *)\(( *)([^,;]+), * \3->scheduler().boost_interleave\1\(\2 cpuexec_trigger( *)\(( *)([^,;]+), * \3->scheduler().trigger\1\(\2 cpuexec_triggertime( *)\(( *)([^,;]+), * \3->scheduler().trigger\1\(\2
* Convert emu_timers to objects. Move implementation and management of Aaron Giles2011-02-061-4/+4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | timers into the scheduler. Retain TIMER devices as a separate wrapper in timer.c/.h. Inline wrappers are currently provided for all timer operations; a future update will bulk clean these up. Rather than using macros which hide generation of a string-ified name for callback functions, the new methods require passing both a function pointer plus a name string. A new macro FUNC() can be used to output both, and another macro MFUNC() can be used to output a stub-wrapped class member as a callback. Also added a time() method on the machine, so that machine->time() gives the current emulated time. A wrapper for timer_get_time is currently provided but will be bulk replaced in the future. For this update, convert all classic timer_alloc, timer_set, timer_pulse, and timer_call_after_resynch calls into method calls on the scheduler. For new device timers, added methods to the device_t class that make creating and managing these much simpler. Modern devices were updated to use these. Here are the regexes used; some manual cleanup (compiler-caught) will be needed since regex doesn't handle nested parentheses cleanly 1. Convert timer_call_after_resynch calls timer_call_after_resynch( *)\(( *)([^,;]+), *([^,;]+), *([^,;]+), *([^);]+)\) \3->scheduler().synchronize\1\(\2FUNC(\6), \5, \4\) 2. Clean up trailing 0, NULL parameters (synchronize[^;]+), 0, NULL\) \1) 3. Clean up trailing NULL parameters (synchronize[^;]+), NULL\) \1) 4. Clean up completely empty parameter lists synchronize\(FUNC\(NULL\)\) synchronize() 5. Convert timer_set calls timer_set( *)\(( *)([^,;]+), *([^,;]+), *([^,;]+), *([^,;]+), *([^);]+)\) \3->scheduler().timer_set\1\(\2\4, FUNC(\7), \6, \5\) 6. Clean up trailing 0, NULL parameters (timer_set[^;]+), 0, NULL\) \1) 7. Clean up trailing NULL parameters (timer_set[^;]+), NULL\) \1) 8. Convert timer_set calls timer_pulse( *)\(( *)([^,;]+), *([^,;]+), *([^,;]+), *([^,;]+), *([^);]+)\) \3->scheduler().timer_pulse\1\(\2\4, FUNC(\7), \6, \5\) 9. Clean up trailing 0, NULL parameters (timer_pulse[^;]+), 0, NULL\) \1) 10. Clean up trailing NULL parameters (timer_pulse[^;]+), NULL\) \1) 11. Convert timer_alloc calls timer_alloc( *)\(( *)([^,;]+), *([^,;]+), *([^);]+)\) \3->scheduler().timer_alloc\1\(\2FUNC(\4), \5\) 12. Clean up trailing NULL parameters (timer_alloc[^;]+), NULL\) \1) 13. Clean up trailing 0 parameters (timer_alloc[^;]+), 0\) \1) 14. Fix oddities introduced \&m_machine->scheduler() m_machine.scheduler()
* Attotime bulk conversion step: Aaron Giles2011-02-031-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | attotime_zero => attotime::zero attotime_never => attotime::never ATTOTIME_IN_SEC(s) => attotime::from_seconds(s) ATTOTIME_IN_MSEC(m) => attotime::from_msec(m) ATTOTIME_IN_USEC(u) => attotime::from_usec(u) ATTOTIME_IN_NSEC(n) => attotime::from_nsec(n) ATTOTIME_IN_HZ(h) => attotime::from_hz(h) Also, changed the following MCFG macros to require a full attotime specification: MCFG_TIMER_ADD_PERIODIC MCFG_QUANTUM_TIME MCFG_WATCHDOG_TIME_INIT
* Converted attotime to a class, with proper operators. Removed old Aaron Giles2011-02-031-6/+6
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | global functions which are now superceded by the operators and methods on the class. [Aaron Giles] Required mappings are: attotime_make(a,b) => attotime(a,b) attotime_to_double(t) => t.as_double() double_to_attotime(d) => attotime::from_double(d) attotime_to_attoseconds(t) => t.as_attoseconds() attotime_to_ticks(t,f) => t.as_ticks(f) ticks_to_attotime(t,f) => attotime::from_ticks(t,f) attotime_add(a,b) => a + b attotime_add_attoseconds(a,b) => a + attotime(0, b) attotime_sub(a,b) => a - b attotime_sub_attoseconds(a,b) => a - attotime(0, b) attotime_compare(a,b) == 0 => a == b attotime_compare(a,b) != 0 => a != b attotime_compare(a,b) < 0 => a < b attotime_compare(a,b) <= 0 => a <= b attotime_compare(a,b) > 0 => a > b attotime_compare(a,b) >= 0 => a >= b attotime_mul(a,f) => a * f attotime_div(a,f) => a / f attotime_min(a,b) => min(a,b) attotime_max(a,b) => max(a,b) attotime_is_never(t) => t.is_never() attotime_string(t,p) => t.as_string(p) In addition, some existing #defines still exist but will go away: attotime_zero => attotime::zero attotime_never => attotime::never ATTOTIME_IN_SEC(s) => attotime::from_seconds(s) ATTOTIME_IN_MSEC(m) => attotime::from_msec(m) ATTOTIME_IN_USEC(u) => attotime::from_usec(u) ATTOTIME_IN_NSEC(n) => attotime::from_nsec(n) ATTOTIME_IN_HZ(h) => attotime::from_hz(h)
* Converted TMS3203X to a modern device. Aaron Giles2011-01-311-12/+11
| | | | | | Also removed redundant m_machine from the state and execute interfaces to fix ambiguity when using m_machine from within a device that inherits from these.
* MDRV_* -> MCFG_* Aaron Giles2010-12-311-3/+3
| | | | | There hasn't been a machine driver for many years.
* Split the screen device into a separate module. Aaron Giles2010-12-021-2/+2
| | | | | Converted global video routines into a video_manager. Moved video manager initialization earlier in startup.
* Converted ASAP CPU core from a legacy CPU core to a modern device. Aaron Giles2010-09-071-14/+14
| | | | | Renamed device_execute_interface::m_icount to m_icountptr to avoid commonly-named device values of m_icount.
* Cleanups and version bump.mame0139u2 Aaron Giles2010-08-301-3/+3
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* De-converted MACHINE_DRIVER from tokens back to constructor functions, regaining Aaron Giles2010-08-261-39/+51
| | | | | | | | | | | type safety. If legacy devices still use inline data, those types are not checked. However, new devices no longer have access to the generic m_inline_data. Instead their MDRV_* macros should map to calls to static functions in the device config class which downcast a generic device_config to the specific device config, and then set the appropriate values. This is not to be done inline in order to prevent further code bloat in the constructors. See eeprom/7474/i2cmem/okim6295 for examples. #ifdef'ed several unused machine driver definitions that weren't referenced.
* I had originally wanted to convert the profiler to use scopes (e.g., Aaron Giles2010-08-211-2/+2
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | create a stack class that started the profiler in the constructor and stopped it in the destructor). Sadly, doing that causes gcc to call out to hook up the unwind chain, and this tanks performance quite badly, even when the profiler is off. Since I had already class-ified profiler.c, I decided to keep the old way of doing things but wrap it in the newer classes. So at least it wasn't a complete waste of my time. Search & replace: profiler_mark_start -> g_profiler.start profiler_mark_end -> g_profiler.end
* Moved debugging structure away from CPUs only and attached to all Aaron Giles2010-07-061-14/+14
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | devices. Debugger now creates one for each device. C++-ified most debugger operations to hang off the debugging class, and updated most callers. This still needs a little cleanup, but it fixes most issues introduced when the CPUs were moved to their own devices. Got rid of cpu_count, cpu_first, cpu_next, etc. as they were badly broken. Also removed cpu_is_executing, cpu_is_suspended, cpu_get_local_time, and cpu_abort_timeslice. Some minor name changes: state_value() -> state() state_set_value() -> set_state()
* Use UINT64s for converting cycles <-> clocks. Aaron Giles2010-07-011-2/+2
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* Remove the following functions: Aaron Giles2010-07-011-1/+1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | cpu_get_total_cycles() == cpudevice->total_cycles() cpu_clocks_to_attotime() == cpudevice->cycles_to_attotime() cpu_attotime_to_clocks() == cpudevice->attotime_to_cycles() In some cases, I updated existing code that fetched and cached devices to fetch them as cpu_device so that these can be called without casting. In other cases, I did the quick & dirty thing which was to downcast a generic device to a cpu_device and then call the function. Note that cpu_clocks_to_attotime() and cpu_attotime_to_clocks() were previously mapping to the device-level functions clocks_to_attotime() and attotime_to_clocks(). This was different behavior than before the big devices change, so with this update I have fixed it to match the previous behavior (i.e., map cycles not clocks). This may impact timing of drivers that used these functions on CPUs that have clock dividers or multipliers.
* Split mame.c into mame.c and machine.c, the latter containing the Aaron Giles2010-06-301-3/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | running_machine definition and implementation. Moved global machine-level operations and accessors into methods on the running_machine class. For the most part, this doesn't affect drivers except for a few occasional bits: mame_get_phase() == machine->phase() add_reset_callback() == machine->add_notifier(MACHINE_NOTIFY_RESET, ...) add_exit_callback() == machine->add_notifier(MACHINE_NOTIFY_EXIT, ...) mame_get_base_datetime() == machine->base_datetime() mame_get_current_datetime() == machine->current_datetime() Cleaned up the region_info class, removing most global region accessors except for memory_region() and memory_region_length(). Again, this doesn't generally affect drivers.
* Made the machine_config a proper object. Added detokenize method to Aaron Giles2010-06-281-3/+3
| | | | | | | | | | | | this object which can be called multiple times to append new devices after the initial machine configuration is set up. Updated member variables to match new naming convention. Changed the running_machine to take a constructed machine_config object in the constructor, instead of creating one itself, for consistency. Also added machine->total_colors() as a shortcut to machine->config->m_total_colors.
* Cleanups and version bump. Aaron Giles2010-06-171-26/+26
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* Fix sound timing issues. Aaron Giles2010-06-171-1/+1
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* More OS X PPC compile fixes (no whatsnew) R. Belmont2010-06-171-1/+1
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* Regression fixes: Aaron Giles2010-06-141-0/+7
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | atarijsa.c: just use a generic device for the tms5220 to handle variants until we have a proper base class (fixes eprom, eprom2 - eprom.c "assert: src/emu/emucore.h:328: dynamic_cast<_Dest>(src) == src") decocass.c: invert sense of reset line to MCU (fixes All sets in decocass.c - Games no longer begin loading (countdown)) metro.c: use generic device for the YM sound since multiple YM chips are used. (fixes 3kokushi, blzntrnd, dharma, dharmak, dokyusei, dokyusp, gstrik2, gstrik2j, karatour, ladykill, lastfort, lastforte, lastforte, lastfortg, lastfortk, skyalert, toride2g, toride2gg, toride2j - metro.c "assert: src/emu/emucore.h:328: dynamic_cast<_Dest>(src) == src") mitchell.c: when swapping the OKIM6295 for an MSM5205, use a different tag. (fixes pangba, spangbl - mitchell.c "assert: src/emu/emucore.h:328: dynamic_cast<_Dest>(src) == src") deco32.c: use a proper EEPROM device to fetch the space from. (fixes tattass, tattassa - deco32.c - Crash while checking "Jack Ram" before start "assert: src/emu/emucore.h:328: dynamic_cast<_Dest>(src) == src") system1.c: use a proper z80pio_device (cleanup) vconv.c: support -g* options for MSVC builds (cleanup) m377101.c/g65816.c: fix fault logic for mapping icount (fixes All sets in namcofl.c, namcona1.c, namconb1.c, nss.c, sfcbox.c, snesb.c airco22b, cybrcycc, dirtdash, rrf, timecrs, timecrsa - namcos22.c Hanging immediately or shortly after start. "assert: src/emu/schedule.c:189: ran >= *exec->m_icount") schedule.c/diexec.c/timer.c: add temporary logging to permit direct comparisons with earlier games timing (cleanup) generic.c: fix computation of time for turning off the IRQ when using generic_pulse_irq() to account for CPU-local time (fixes Any sets in bublbobl.c which use the which use m6801 - Frequent/Random watchdog resets.) z80pio.c: convert internal line states to bool, and fix typo (control_write should have been data_write in one place) (fixes Any system1.c games which use z80pio - No sound)
* Fix several timing problems: Aaron Giles2010-06-101-1/+3
| | | | | | | | * suspend-until-time was broken (CPU would be suspended and never resumed) * timer devices would fire an initial callback even if not set up with a time yet * triggers requested after a time would fire twice; once right away and once at the target time Fixes many regressions.
* Tweak to s2650 IRQ cycle handling to fix gcc codegen bug. Aaron Giles2010-06-091-0/+4
| | | | Added asserts to catch other unexpected situations.
* WARNING: There are likely to be regressions in both functionality and Aaron Giles2010-06-081-0/+1000
performance as a result of this change. Do not panic; report issues to the list in the short term and I will look into them. There are probably also some details I forgot to mention. Please ask questions if anything is not clear. NOTE: This is a major internal change to the way devices are handled in MAME. There is a small impact on drivers, but the bulk of the changes are to the devices themselves. Full documentation on the new device handling is in progress at http://mamedev.org/devwiki/index.php/MAME_Device_Basics Defined two new casting helpers: [Aaron Giles] downcast<type>(value) should be used for safe and efficient downcasting from a base class to a derived class. It wraps static_cast<> by adding an assert that a matching dynamic_cast<> returns the same result in debug builds. crosscast<type>(value) should be used for safe casting from one type to another in multiple inheritance scenarios. It compiles to a dynamic_cast<> plus an assert on the result. Since it does not optimize down to static_cast<>, you should prefer downcast<> over crosscast<> when you can. Redefined running_device to be a proper C++ class (now called device_t). Same for device_config (still called device_config). All devices and device_configs must now be derived from these base classes. This means each device type now has a pair of its own unique classes that describe the device. Drivers are encouraged to use the specific device types instead of the generic running_device or device_t classes. Drivers that have a state class defined in their header file are encouraged to use initializers off the constructor to locate devices. [Aaron Giles] Removed the following fields from the device and device configuration classes as they never were necessary or provided any use: device class, device family, source file, version, credits. [Aaron Giles] Added templatized variant of machine->device() which performs a downcast as part of the device fetch. Thus machine->device<timer_device>("timer") will locate a device named "timer", downcast it to a timer_device, and assert if the downcast fails. [Aaron Giles] Removed most publically accessible members of running_device/device_t in favor of inline accessor functions. The only remaining public member is machine. Thus all references to device->type are now device->type(), etc. [Aaron Giles] Created a number of device interface classes which are designed to be mix- ins for the device classes, providing specific extended functionality and information. There are standard interface classes for sound, execution, state, nvram, memory, and disassembly. Devices can opt into 0 or more of these classes. [Aaron Giles] Converted the classic CPU device to a standard device that uses the execution, state, memory, and disassembly interfaces. Used this new class (cpu_device) to implement the existing CPU device interface. In the future it will be possible to convert each CPU core to its own device type, but for now they are still all CPU devices with a cpu_type() that specifies exactly which kind of CPU. [Aaron Giles] Created a new header devlegcy.h which wraps the old device interface using some special template classes. To use these with an existing device, simply remove from the device header the DEVICE_GET_INFO() declaration and the #define mapping the ALL_CAPS name to the DEVICE_GET_INFO. In their place #include "devlegcy.h" and use the DECLARE_LEGACY_DEVICE() macro. In addition, there is a DECLARE_LEGACY_SOUND_DEVICE() macro for wrapping existing sound devices into new-style devices, and a DECLARE_LEGACY_NVRAM_DEVICE() for wrapping NVRAM devices. Also moved the token and inline_config members to the legacy device class, as these are not used in modern devices. [Aaron Giles] Converted the standard base devices (VIDEO_SCREEN, SPEAKER, and TIMER) from legacy devices to the new C++ style. Also renamed VIDEO_SCREEN to simply SCREEN. The various global functions that were previously used to access information or modify the state of these devices are now replaced by methods on the device classes. Specifically: video_screen_configure() == screen->configure() video_screen_set_visarea() == screen->set_visible_area() video_screen_update_partial() == screen->update_partial() video_screen_update_now() == screen->update_now() video_screen_get_vpos() == screen->vpos() video_screen_get_hpos() == screen->hpos() video_screen_get_vblank() == screen->vblank() video_screen_get_hblank() == screen->hblank() video_screen_get_width() == screen->width() video_screen_get_height() == screen->height() video_screen_get_visible_area() == screen->visible_area() video_screen_get_time_until_pos() == screen->time_until_pos() video_screen_get_time_until_vblank_start() == screen->time_until_vblank_start() video_screen_get_time_until_vblank_end() == screen->time_until_vblank_end() video_screen_get_time_until_update() == screen->time_until_update() video_screen_get_scan_period() == screen->scan_period() video_screen_get_frame_period() == screen->frame_period() video_screen_get_frame_number() == screen->frame_number() timer_device_adjust_oneshot() == timer->adjust() timer_device_adjust_periodic() == timer->adjust() timer_device_reset() == timer->reset() timer_device_enable() == timer->enable() timer_device_enabled() == timer->enabled() timer_device_get_param() == timer->param() timer_device_set_param() == timer->set_param() timer_device_get_ptr() == timer->get_ptr() timer_device_set_ptr() == timer->set_ptr() timer_device_timeelapsed() == timer->time_elapsed() timer_device_timeleft() == timer->time_left() timer_device_starttime() == timer->start_time() timer_device_firetime() == timer->fire_time() Updated all drivers that use the above functions to fetch the specific device type (timer_device or screen_device) and call the appropriate method. [Aaron Giles] Changed machine->primary_screen and the 'screen' parameter to VIDEO_UPDATE to specifically pass in a screen_device object. [Aaron Giles] Defined a new custom interface for the Z80 daisy chain. This interface behaves like the standard interfaces, and can be added to any device that implements the Z80 daisy chain behavior. Converted all existing Z80 daisy chain devices to new-style devices that inherit this interface. [Aaron Giles] Changed the way CPU state tables are built up. Previously, these were data structures defined by a CPU core which described all the registers and how to output them. This functionality is now part of the state interface and is implemented via the device_state_entry class. Updated all CPU cores which were using the old data structure to use the new form. The syntax is currently awkward, but will be cleaner for CPUs that are native new devices. [Aaron Giles] Converted the okim6295 and eeprom devices to the new model. These were necessary because they both require multiple interfaces to operate and it didn't make sense to create legacy device templates for these single cases. (okim6295 needs the sound interface and the memory interface, while eeprom requires both the nvram and memory interfaces). [Aaron Giles] Changed parameters in a few callback functions from pointers to references in situations where they are guaranteed to never be NULL. [Aaron Giles] Removed MDRV_CPU_FLAGS() which was only used for disabling a CPU. Changed it to MDRV_DEVICE_DISABLE() instead. Updated drivers. [Aaron Giles] Reorganized the token parsing for machine configurations. The core parsing code knows how to create/replace/remove devices, but all device token parsing is now handled in the device_config class, which in turn will make use of any interface classes or device-specific token handling for custom token processing. [Aaron Giles] Moved many validity checks out of validity.c and into the device interface classes. For example, address space validation is now part of the memory interface class. [Aaron Giles] Consolidated address space parameters (bus width, endianness, etc.) into a single address_space_config class. Updated all code that queried for address space parameters to use the new mechanism. [Aaron Giles]