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+// license:BSD-3-Clause
+// copyright-holders:F. Ulivi
+/*********************************************************************
+
+ hp_taco.cpp
+
+ HP TApe COntroller (5006-3012)
+
+*********************************************************************/
+
+// This device has been reverse engineered entirely through documents & study of HP software.
+// I had no access to the real device to experiment.
+// Available documentation on the internal working of TACO chip is close to nothing. The best
+// I could find is [1] (see below) where all that's described is a (too) brief summary of registers and little else.
+// In other words, no description of the commands that can be issued to TACO chips.
+// So, my main source of information was the careful study of HP software, especially the 9845 system test ROM (09845-66520).
+// The second half of this ROM holds a comprehensive set of tape drive tests.
+// The main shortcomings of my approach are:
+// * I could indentify only those TACO commands that are actually used by the software. I managed
+// to identify 17 out of 32 possible commands. The purpose of the rest of commands is anyone's guess.
+// * I could only guess the behavior of TACO chips in corner cases (especially behavior in various error/abnormal
+// conditions)
+//
+// Documentation I used:
+// [1] HP, manual 64940-90905, may 80 rev. - Model 64940A tape control & drive service manual
+// [2] US patent 4,075,679 describing HP9825 system (this system had a discrete implementation of tape controller). The
+// firmware listing was quite useful in identifying sequences of commands (for example how to find a specific sector etc.).
+// [3] http://www.hp9845.net site
+// [4] April 1978 issue of HP Journal. There is a one-page summary of TACO chip on page 20.
+
+// This is an overview of the TACO/CPU interface.
+//
+// Reg. | R/W | Content
+// =====================
+// R4 | R/W | Data register: words read/written to/from tape pass through this register
+// R5 | R/W | Command and status register (see below)
+// R6 | R/W | Tachometer register. Writing it sets a pulse counter that counts up on either tachometer pulses or IRGs, depending
+// | | on command. When the counter rolls over from 0xffff to 0 it typically ends the command. It's not clear to me
+// | | what value could be read from this register, if it's just the same value that was written last time or the internal
+// | | counter or something else entirely.
+// R7 | R | Checksum register. Reading it clears it.
+// R7 | W | Timing register. It controls somehow the encoding and decoding of bits. For now I completely ignore it because its
+// | | content it's totally unknown to me. It seems safe to do so, anyway. I can see that it's always set to 0x661d before
+// | | writing to tape and to 0x0635 before reading.
+//
+// Format of TACO command/status register (R5)
+// Bit R/W Content
+// ===============
+// 15 RW Tape direction (1 = forward)
+// 14..10 RW Command (see the "enum" below)
+// 9 RW ? Drive ON according to [1], the actual use seems to be selection of gap length
+// 8 RW ? Size of gaps according to [1], N/U in my opinion
+// 7 RW Speed of tape (1 = 90 ips, 0 = 22 ips)
+// 6 RW Option bit for various commands
+// 5 R Current track (1 = B)
+// 4 R Gap detected (1)
+// 3 R Write protection (1)
+// 2 R Servo failure (1)
+// 1 R Cartridge out (1)
+// 0 R Hole detected (1)
+
+// Here's a summary of the on-tape format of HP9845 systems.
+// * A tape has two independent tracks (A & B).
+// * Each track holds 426 sectors.
+// * Each sector has an header and 256 bytes of payload (see below)
+// * Sectors are separated by gaps of uniform magnetization called IRGs (Inter-Record Gaps)
+// * The basic unit of data I/O are 16-bit words
+// * Bits are encoded by different distances between magnetic flux reversals
+// * The structure of tracks is:
+// - Begin of tape holes
+// - The deadzone: 350x 0xffff words
+// - 1" of IRG
+// - Sector #0 (track A) or #426 (track B)
+// - 1" of IRG (2.5" on track A)
+// - Sector #1 (track A) or #427 (track B)
+// - 1" of IRG
+// - Sector #2 (track A) or #428 (track B)
+// - ...and so on up to sector #425/#851
+// - 6" of final gap
+// - Non-recorded tape
+// - End of tape holes
+// * Sector #0 is not used
+// * Sectors #1 and #2 hold the first copy of tape directory
+// * Sectors #3 and #4 hold the second/backup copy of tape directory
+// * User data are stored starting from sector #5
+// * There is no "fragmentation" map (like file allocation table in FAT filesystem): a file
+// spanning more than 1 sector always occupy a single block of contiguous sectors.
+//
+// A sector is structured like this:
+// Word 0: Invisible preamble word (always 0). Preamble comes from 9825, don't know if it's
+// actually there in TACO encoding. I assumed it is.
+// Word 1: Format/sector in use and other unidentified bits.
+// Word 2: Sector number
+// Word 3: Sector length and other bits
+// Word 4: Checksum (sum of words 1..3)
+// Words 5..132: Payload
+// Word 133: Checksum (sum of words 5..132)
+//
+// Physical encoding of words is borrowed from 9825 as I wasn't able
+// to gather any info on the actual encoding of TACO chips.
+// This is how 9825 encodes words on tape:
+// - the unit of encoding are 16-bit words
+// - each word is encoded from MSB to LSB
+// - each word has an extra invisible "1" encoded at the end
+// - tape is read/written at slow speed only (21.98 ips)
+// - a 0 is encoded with a distance between flux reversals of 1/35200 s
+// (giving a maximum density of about 1600 reversals per inch)
+// - a 1 is encoded with a distance that's 1.75 times that of a 0
+//
+// This driver is based on the following model of the actual TACO/tape system:
+// * Tape immediately reaches working speed (no spin-up time)
+// * Inversion of tape direction and change of speed are immediate as well
+// * Time & distance to stop the tape are modeled, though. Firmware is upset by
+// a tape with null braking time/distance.
+// * Speed of tape is exceptionally accurate. Real tape was controlled by a closed loop
+// with something like 1% accuracy on speed.
+// * Storage is modeled by one "map" data structure per track. Each map maps the tape position
+// to the 16-bit word stored at that position. Gaps are modeled by lack of data in the map.
+// There is no model of the physical encoding of bits (except to compute how long each word
+// is on tape).
+// * Read threshold is ignored. Real tapes could be read with either a low or high threshold.
+// * "Flag" bit is used as a busy/ready signal in real TACO. Here I assumed the device is
+// always ready, so Flag is always active.
+// * I tried to fill the (many) gaps on chip behavior with "sensible" solutions. I could only
+// validate my solutions by running the original firmware in MAME, though (no real hw at hand).
+//
+// TODOs/issues:
+// * Some code cleanup
+// * Handling of tape holes seems to be wrong: test "C" of test ROM only works partially
+// * Find out what is read from register R6
+// * Handle device_image_interface::call_display to show state of tape
+// * Find more info on TACO chips (does anyone with a working 9845 or access to internal HP docs want to
+// help me here, please?)
+//
+#include "emu.h"
+#include "hp_taco.h"
+
+// Debugging
+#define VERBOSE 1
+#define LOG(x) do { if (VERBOSE) logerror x; } while (0)
+#define VERBOSE_0 0
+#define LOG_0(x) do { if (VERBOSE_0) logerror x; } while (0)
+
+// Macros to clear/set single bits
+#define BIT_MASK(n) (1U << (n))
+#define BIT_CLR(w , n) ((w) &= ~BIT_MASK(n))
+#define BIT_SET(w , n) ((w) |= BIT_MASK(n))
+
+// Timers
+enum {
+ TAPE_TMR_ID,
+ HOLE_TMR_ID
+};
+
+// Constants
+#define CMD_REG_MASK 0xffc0 // Command register mask
+#define STATUS_REG_MASK 0x003f // Status register mask
+#define TACH_TICKS_PER_INCH 968 // Tachometer pulses per inch of tape movement
+#define TAPE_POS_FRACT 1024 // 10 bits of fractional part in tape_pos_t
+#define ONE_INCH_POS (TACH_TICKS_PER_INCH * TAPE_POS_FRACT) // Value in tape_pos_t representing 1 inch of tape
+#define TACH_FREQ_SLOW 21276 // Tachometer pulse frequency for slow speed (21.98 ips)
+#define TACH_FREQ_FAST 87196 // Tachometer pulse frequency for fast speed (90.08 ips)
+#define TAPE_LENGTH ((140 * 12 + 72 * 2) * ONE_INCH_POS) // Tape length: 140 ft of usable tape + 72" of punched tape at either end
+#define TAPE_INIT_POS (80 * ONE_INCH_POS) // Initial tape position: 80" from beginning (just past the punched part)
+#define ZERO_BIT_LEN 619 // Length of 0 bits at slow tape speed: 1/(35200 Hz)
+#define ONE_BIT_LEN 1083 // Length of 1 bits at slow tape speed: 1.75 times ZERO_BIT_LEN
+#define QUICK_CMD_USEC 25 // usec for "quick" command execution
+#define FAST_BRAKE_MSEC 73 // Braking time from fast speed to stop (2 ips) in msec (deceleration is 1200 in/s^2)
+#define SLOW_BRAKE_MSEC 17 // Braking time from slow speed to stop in msec
+#define FAST_BRAKE_DIST 3350450 // Braking distance at fast speed (~3.38 in)
+#define SLOW_BRAKE_DIST 197883 // Braking distance at slow speed (~0.2 in)
+#define PREAMBLE_WORD 0 // Value of preamble word
+#define END_GAP_LENGTH (6 * ONE_INCH_POS) // Length of final gap: 6"
+#define MIN_IRG_LENGTH ((tape_pos_t)(0.2 * ONE_INCH_POS)) // Minimum length of IRGs: 0.2" (from 9825, not sure about value in TACO)
+#define NULL_TAPE_POS ((tape_pos_t)-1) // Special value for invalid/unknown tape position
+#define NO_DATA_GAP (17 * ONE_BIT_LEN) // Minimum gap size to detect end of data: length of longest word (0xffff)
+#define FILE_MAGIC 0x4f434154 // Magic value at start of image file: "TACO"
+
+// Parts of command register
+#define CMD_CODE(reg) \
+ (((reg) >> 10) & 0x1f)
+#define DIR_FWD(reg) \
+ (BIT(reg , 15))
+#define SPEED_FAST(reg) \
+ (BIT(reg , 7))
+#define CMD_OPT(reg) \
+ (BIT(reg , 6))
+#define UNKNOWN_B9(reg) \
+ (BIT(reg , 9))
+#define DIR_FWD_MASK BIT_MASK(15) // Direction = forward
+#define SPEED_FAST_MASK BIT_MASK(7) // Speed = fast
+
+// Commands
+enum {
+ CMD_INDTA_INGAP, // 00: scan for data first then for gap
+ CMD_UNK_01, // 01: unknown
+ CMD_FINAL_GAP, // 02: write final gap
+ CMD_INIT_WRITE, // 03: write words for tape formatting
+ CMD_STOP, // 04: stop
+ CMD_UNK_05, // 05: unknown
+ CMD_SET_TRACK, // 06: set A/B track
+ CMD_UNK_07, // 07: unknown
+ CMD_UNK_08, // 08: unknown
+ CMD_UNK_09, // 09: unknown
+ CMD_MOVE, // 0a: move tape
+ CMD_UNK_0b, // 0b: unknown
+ CMD_INGAP_MOVE, // 0c: scan for gap then move a bit further (used to gain some margin when inverting tape movement)
+ CMD_UNK_0d, // 0d: unknown
+ CMD_CLEAR, // 0e: clear errors/unlatch status bits
+ CMD_UNK_0f, // 0f: unknown
+ CMD_NOT_INDTA, // 10: scan for end of data
+ CMD_UNK_11, // 11: unknown
+ CMD_UNK_12, // 12: unknown
+ CMD_UNK_13, // 13: unknown
+ CMD_UNK_14, // 14: unknown
+ CMD_UNK_15, // 15: unknown
+ CMD_WRITE_IRG, // 16: write inter-record gap
+ CMD_UNK_17, // 17: unknown
+ CMD_SCAN_RECORDS, // 18: scan records (count IRGs)
+ CMD_RECORD_WRITE, // 19: write record words
+ CMD_MOVE_INDTA, // 1a: move then scan for data
+ CMD_UNK_1b, // 1b: unknown (for now it seems harmless to handle it as NOP)
+ CMD_DELTA_MOVE_HOLE, // 1c: move tape a given distance, intr at end or first hole found (whichever comes first)
+ CMD_START_READ, // 1d: start record reading
+ CMD_DELTA_MOVE_IRG, // 1e: move tape a given distance, detect gaps in parallel
+ CMD_END_READ // 1f: stop reading
+};
+
+// Bits of status register
+#define STATUS_HOLE_BIT 0 // Hole detected
+#define STATUS_CART_OUT_BIT 1 // Cartridge out
+#define STATUS_SFAIL_BIT 2 // Servo failure
+#define STATUS_WPR_BIT 3 // Write protection
+#define STATUS_GAP_BIT 4 // Gap detected
+#define STATUS_TRACKB_BIT 5 // Track B selected
+#define STATUS_CART_OUT_MASK BIT_MASK(STATUS_CART_OUT_BIT) // Cartridge out
+#define STATUS_WPR_MASK BIT_MASK(STATUS_WPR_BIT) // Write protection
+#define STATUS_ERR_MASK (STATUS_CART_OUT_MASK) // Mask of errors in status reg.
+
+// *** Position of tape holes ***
+// At beginning of tape:
+// *START*
+// |<-----24"----->|<---12"--->|<---12"--->|<-----24"----->|
+// O O O O O O O
+// |<->| |<->| |<->|
+// 0.218" 0.218" 0.218"
+// At end of tape:
+// *END*
+// |<-----24"----->|<---12"--->|<---12"--->|<-----24"----->|
+// O O O O
+//
+static const hp_taco_device::tape_pos_t tape_holes[] = {
+ (hp_taco_device::tape_pos_t)(23.891 * ONE_INCH_POS), // 24 - 0.218 / 2
+ (hp_taco_device::tape_pos_t)(24.109 * ONE_INCH_POS), // 24 + 0.218 / 2
+ (hp_taco_device::tape_pos_t)(35.891 * ONE_INCH_POS), // 36 - 0.218 / 2
+ (hp_taco_device::tape_pos_t)(36.109 * ONE_INCH_POS), // 36 + 0.218 / 2
+ (hp_taco_device::tape_pos_t)(47.891 * ONE_INCH_POS), // 48 - 0.218 / 2
+ (hp_taco_device::tape_pos_t)(48.109 * ONE_INCH_POS), // 48 + 0.218 / 2
+ 72 * ONE_INCH_POS, // 72
+ 1752 * ONE_INCH_POS, // 1752
+ 1776 * ONE_INCH_POS, // 1776
+ 1788 * ONE_INCH_POS, // 1788
+ 1800 * ONE_INCH_POS // 1800
+};
+
+// Device type definition
+const device_type HP_TACO = &device_creator<hp_taco_device>;
+
+// Constructors
+hp_taco_device::hp_taco_device(const machine_config &mconfig, device_type type, const char *name, const char *tag, device_t *owner, UINT32 clock, const char *shortname)
+ : device_t(mconfig, type, name, tag, owner, clock, shortname, __FILE__),
+ device_image_interface(mconfig , *this),
+ m_irq_handler(*this),
+ m_flg_handler(*this),
+ m_sts_handler(*this),
+ m_tape_pos(TAPE_INIT_POS),
+ m_image_dirty(false)
+{
+ clear_state();
+}
+
+hp_taco_device::hp_taco_device(const machine_config &mconfig, const char *tag, device_t *owner, UINT32 clock)
+ : device_t(mconfig, HP_TACO, "HP TACO", tag, owner, clock, "TACO", __FILE__),
+ device_image_interface(mconfig , *this),
+ m_irq_handler(*this),
+ m_flg_handler(*this),
+ m_sts_handler(*this),
+ m_tape_pos(TAPE_INIT_POS),
+ m_image_dirty(false)
+{
+ clear_state();
+}
+
+WRITE16_MEMBER(hp_taco_device::reg_w)
+{
+ LOG_0(("wr R%u = %04x\n", 4 + offset , data));
+
+ // Any I/O activity clears IRQ
+ irq_w(false);
+
+ switch (offset) {
+ case 0:
+ // Data register
+ m_data_reg = data;
+ m_data_reg_full = true;
+ break;
+
+ case 1:
+ // Command register
+ start_cmd_exec(data & CMD_REG_MASK);
+ break;
+
+ case 2:
+ // Tachometer register
+ m_tach_reg = data;
+ break;
+
+ case 3:
+ // Timing register
+ m_timing_reg = data;
+ break;
+ }
+}
+
+READ16_MEMBER(hp_taco_device::reg_r)
+{
+ UINT16 res = 0;
+
+ // Any I/O activity clears IRQ
+ irq_w(false);
+
+ switch (offset) {
+ case 0:
+ // Data register
+ res = m_data_reg;
+ break;
+
+ case 1:
+ // Command & status register
+ res = (m_cmd_reg & CMD_REG_MASK) | (m_status_reg & STATUS_REG_MASK);
+ break;
+
+ case 2:
+ // Tachometer register
+ res = m_tach_reg;
+ break;
+
+ case 3:
+ // Checksum register: it clears when read
+ res = m_checksum_reg;
+ m_checksum_reg = 0;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ LOG_0(("rd R%u = %04x\n", 4 + offset , res));
+
+ return res;
+}
+
+READ_LINE_MEMBER(hp_taco_device::flg_r)
+{
+ return m_flg;
+}
+
+READ_LINE_MEMBER(hp_taco_device::sts_r)
+{
+ return m_sts;
+}
+
+// device_config_complete
+void hp_taco_device::device_config_complete()
+{
+ LOG(("device_config_complete"));
+ update_names();
+}
+
+// device_start
+void hp_taco_device::device_start()
+{
+ LOG(("device_start"));
+ m_irq_handler.resolve_safe();
+ m_flg_handler.resolve_safe();
+ m_sts_handler.resolve_safe();
+
+ save_item(NAME(m_data_reg));
+ save_item(NAME(m_data_reg_full));
+ save_item(NAME(m_cmd_reg));
+ save_item(NAME(m_cmd_state));
+ save_item(NAME(m_status_reg));
+ save_item(NAME(m_tach_reg));
+ save_item(NAME(m_checksum_reg));
+ save_item(NAME(m_timing_reg));
+ save_item(NAME(m_irq));
+ save_item(NAME(m_flg));
+ save_item(NAME(m_sts));
+ save_item(NAME(m_tape_pos));
+ save_item(NAME(m_start_time));
+ save_item(NAME(m_tape_fwd));
+ save_item(NAME(m_tape_fast));
+ save_item(NAME(m_image_dirty));
+ save_item(NAME(m_tape_wr));
+ save_item(NAME(m_rw_pos));
+ save_item(NAME(m_next_word));
+ save_item(NAME(m_rd_it_valid));
+ save_item(NAME(m_gap_detect_start));
+
+ m_tape_timer = timer_alloc(TAPE_TMR_ID);
+ m_hole_timer = timer_alloc(HOLE_TMR_ID);
+}
+
+// device_stop
+void hp_taco_device::device_stop()
+{
+}
+
+// device_reset
+void hp_taco_device::device_reset()
+{
+ LOG(("device_reset"));
+ clear_state();
+
+ m_irq = false;
+ m_flg = true;
+
+ m_irq_handler(false);
+ m_flg_handler(true);
+ set_error(false);
+}
+
+void hp_taco_device::device_timer(emu_timer &timer, device_timer_id id, int param, void *ptr)
+{
+ if (CMD_CODE(m_cmd_reg) != CMD_STOP) {
+ update_tape_pos();
+ }
+
+ switch (id) {
+ case TAPE_TMR_ID:
+ LOG_0(("Tape tmr @%g\n" , machine().time().as_double()));
+
+ tape_pos_t length;
+
+ switch (CMD_CODE(m_cmd_reg)) {
+ case CMD_INDTA_INGAP:
+ if (m_cmd_state == 0) {
+ m_cmd_state = 1;
+ tape_pos_t target = m_tape_pos;
+ if (next_n_gap(target, 1, MIN_IRG_LENGTH)) {
+ m_tape_timer->adjust(time_to_target(target));
+ }
+ return;
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case CMD_RECORD_WRITE:
+ if (m_cmd_state == 0) {
+ if (m_rd_it->second == PREAMBLE_WORD) {
+ LOG_0(("Got preamble\n"));
+ m_cmd_state = 1;
+ // m_rw_pos already at correct position
+ m_tape_timer->adjust(fetch_next_wr_word());
+ break;
+ } else {
+ adv_res_t res = adv_it(m_rd_it);
+ if (res != ADV_NO_MORE_DATA) {
+ m_tape_timer->adjust(time_to_rd_next_word(m_rw_pos));
+ }
+ // No IRQ
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+ // Intentional fall-through
+ case CMD_INIT_WRITE:
+ write_word(m_rw_pos , m_next_word , length);
+ pos_offset(m_rw_pos , length);
+ // Just to be sure..
+ m_tape_pos = m_rw_pos;
+ m_tape_timer->adjust(fetch_next_wr_word());
+ break;
+
+ case CMD_STOP:
+ move_tape_pos(m_tape_fast ? FAST_BRAKE_DIST : SLOW_BRAKE_DIST);
+ stop_tape();
+ break;
+
+ case CMD_INGAP_MOVE:
+ if (m_cmd_state == 0) {
+ m_cmd_state = 1;
+ m_tape_timer->adjust(time_to_tach_pulses());
+ return;
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case CMD_FINAL_GAP:
+ case CMD_WRITE_IRG:
+ write_gap(m_rw_pos , m_tape_pos);
+ m_hole_timer->reset();
+ break;
+
+ case CMD_SCAN_RECORDS:
+ if (m_cmd_state == 0) {
+ m_cmd_state = 1;
+ tape_pos_t target = m_tape_pos;
+ if (next_n_gap(target, 0x10000U - m_tach_reg, MIN_IRG_LENGTH)) {
+ LOG_0(("%u gaps @%d\n" , 0x10000U - m_tach_reg, target));
+ m_tape_timer->adjust(time_to_target(target));
+ }
+ return;
+ } else {
+ m_hole_timer->reset();
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case CMD_MOVE_INDTA:
+ if (m_cmd_state == 0) {
+ if (next_data(m_rd_it , m_tape_pos , true)) {
+ m_cmd_state = 1;
+ m_tape_timer->adjust(time_to_target(farthest_end(m_rd_it)));
+ }
+ // No IRQ
+ return;
+ }
+ // m_cmd_state == 1 -> IRQ & cmd end
+ break;
+
+ case CMD_DELTA_MOVE_HOLE:
+ case CMD_DELTA_MOVE_IRG:
+ // Interrupt at end of movement
+ m_hole_timer->reset();
+ break;
+
+ case CMD_START_READ:
+ {
+ bool set_intr = true;
+ // Just to be sure..
+ m_tape_pos = m_rw_pos;
+ if (m_cmd_state == 0) {
+ set_intr = false;
+ if (m_rd_it->second == PREAMBLE_WORD) {
+ m_cmd_state = 1;
+ }
+ LOG_0(("Got preamble\n"));
+ } else {
+ m_data_reg = m_rd_it->second;
+ m_checksum_reg += m_data_reg;
+ LOG_0(("RD %04x\n" , m_data_reg));
+ }
+ adv_res_t res = adv_it(m_rd_it);
+ LOG_0(("adv_it %d\n" , res));
+ if (res == ADV_NO_MORE_DATA) {
+ m_rd_it_valid = false;
+ } else {
+ if (res == ADV_DISCONT_DATA) {
+ // Hit a gap, restart preamble search
+ m_cmd_state = 0;
+ }
+ m_tape_timer->adjust(time_to_rd_next_word(m_rw_pos));
+ }
+ if (!set_intr) {
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case CMD_END_READ:
+ {
+ m_tape_pos = m_rw_pos;
+ // Note: checksum is not updated
+ m_data_reg = m_rd_it->second;
+ LOG_0(("Final RD %04x\n" , m_data_reg));
+ adv_res_t res = adv_it(m_rd_it);
+ if (res == ADV_NO_MORE_DATA) {
+ m_rd_it_valid = false;
+ }
+ m_hole_timer->reset();
+ }
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ // Other commands: just raise irq
+ break;
+ }
+ irq_w(true);
+ break;
+
+ case HOLE_TMR_ID:
+ LOG_0(("Hole tmr @%g\n" , machine().time().as_double()));
+
+ BIT_SET(m_status_reg , STATUS_HOLE_BIT);
+
+ switch (CMD_CODE(m_cmd_reg)) {
+ case CMD_FINAL_GAP:
+ case CMD_WRITE_IRG:
+ write_gap(m_rw_pos , m_tape_pos);
+ m_rw_pos = m_tape_pos;
+ break;
+
+ case CMD_SCAN_RECORDS:
+ case CMD_DELTA_MOVE_HOLE:
+ // Cmds 18 & 1c are terminated at first hole
+ m_tape_timer->reset();
+ irq_w(true);
+ // No reloading of hole timer
+ return;
+
+ case CMD_DELTA_MOVE_IRG:
+ // TODO: update r6
+ m_hole_timer->adjust(time_to_next_hole());
+ // No IRQ at holes
+ return;
+
+ case CMD_START_READ:
+ case CMD_END_READ:
+ set_error(true);
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ // Other cmds: default processing (update tape pos, set IRQ, schedule timer for next hole)
+ break;
+ }
+
+ irq_w(true);
+ m_hole_timer->adjust(time_to_next_hole());
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ break;
+ }
+}
+
+void hp_taco_device::clear_state(void)
+{
+ m_data_reg = 0;
+ m_data_reg_full = false;
+ m_cmd_reg = 0;
+ m_status_reg = 0;
+ m_tach_reg = 0;
+ m_checksum_reg = 0;
+ m_timing_reg = 0;
+ m_cmd_state = 0;
+ // m_tape_pos is not reset, tape stays where it is
+ m_start_time = attotime::never;
+ m_tape_fwd = false;
+ m_tape_fast = false;
+ // m_image_dirty is not touched
+ m_tape_wr = false;
+ m_rw_pos = 0;
+ m_next_word = 0;
+ m_rd_it_valid = false;
+ m_gap_detect_start = NULL_TAPE_POS;
+
+ set_tape_present(false);
+ set_tape_present(is_loaded());
+}
+
+void hp_taco_device::irq_w(bool state)
+{
+ if (state != m_irq) {
+ m_irq = state;
+ m_irq_handler(state);
+ LOG_0(("IRQ = %d\n" , state));
+ }
+}
+
+void hp_taco_device::set_error(bool state)
+{
+ m_sts = !state;
+ m_sts_handler(m_sts);
+ LOG_0(("error = %d\n" , state));
+}
+
+unsigned hp_taco_device::speed_to_tick_freq(void) const
+{
+ return m_tape_fast ? TACH_FREQ_FAST * TAPE_POS_FRACT : TACH_FREQ_SLOW * TAPE_POS_FRACT;
+}
+
+bool hp_taco_device::pos_offset(tape_pos_t& pos , tape_pos_t offset) const
+{
+ if (offset == 0) {
+ return true;
+ }
+
+ if (!m_tape_fwd) {
+ offset = -offset;
+ }
+
+ pos += offset;
+
+ // In real life tape would unspool..
+ if (pos > TAPE_LENGTH) {
+ pos = TAPE_LENGTH;
+ return false;
+ } else if (pos < 0) {
+ pos = 0;
+ return false;
+ } else {
+ return true;
+ }
+}
+
+void hp_taco_device::move_tape_pos(tape_pos_t delta_pos)
+{
+ tape_pos_t tape_start_pos = m_tape_pos;
+ if (!pos_offset(m_tape_pos , delta_pos)) {
+ LOG(("Tape unspooled!\n"));
+ }
+ m_start_time = machine().time();
+ LOG_0(("Tape pos = %u\n" , m_tape_pos));
+ if (any_hole(tape_start_pos , m_tape_pos)) {
+ // Crossed one or more holes
+ BIT_SET(m_status_reg , STATUS_HOLE_BIT);
+ }
+}
+
+void hp_taco_device::update_tape_pos(void)
+{
+ if (m_start_time.is_never()) {
+ // Tape not moving
+ return;
+ }
+
+ attotime delta_time(machine().time() - m_start_time);
+ LOG_0(("delta_time = %g\n" , delta_time.as_double()));
+ // How many tachometer ticks has the tape moved?
+ tape_pos_t delta_tach = (tape_pos_t)(delta_time.as_ticks(speed_to_tick_freq()));
+ LOG_0(("delta_tach = %u\n" , delta_tach));
+
+ move_tape_pos(delta_tach);
+
+ // Gap detection
+ bool gap_detected = false;
+ if (m_gap_detect_start != NULL_TAPE_POS && abs(m_gap_detect_start - m_tape_pos) >= MIN_IRG_LENGTH) {
+ tape_pos_t tmp = m_tape_pos;
+ pos_offset(tmp , -MIN_IRG_LENGTH);
+ gap_detected = just_gap(tmp , m_tape_pos);
+ }
+ if (gap_detected) {
+ BIT_SET(m_status_reg, STATUS_GAP_BIT);
+ } else {
+ BIT_CLR(m_status_reg, STATUS_GAP_BIT);
+ }
+}
+
+void hp_taco_device::ensure_a_lt_b(tape_pos_t& a , tape_pos_t& b)
+{
+ if (a > b) {
+ // Ensure A always comes before B
+ tape_pos_t tmp;
+ tmp = a;
+ a = b;
+ b = tmp;
+ }
+}
+
+// Is there any hole in a given section of tape?
+bool hp_taco_device::any_hole(tape_pos_t tape_pos_a , tape_pos_t tape_pos_b)
+{
+ ensure_a_lt_b(tape_pos_a , tape_pos_b);
+
+ for (tape_pos_t hole : tape_holes) {
+ if (tape_pos_a < hole && tape_pos_b >= hole) {
+ return true;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return false;
+}
+
+// Position of next hole tape will reach in a given direction
+hp_taco_device::tape_pos_t hp_taco_device::next_hole(void) const
+{
+ if (m_tape_fwd) {
+ for (tape_pos_t hole : tape_holes) {
+ if (hole > m_tape_pos) {
+ LOG_0(("next hole fwd @%u = %u\n" , m_tape_pos , hole));
+ return hole;
+ }
+ }
+ // No more holes: will hit end of tape
+ return TAPE_LENGTH;
+ } else {
+ for (int i = (sizeof(tape_holes) / sizeof(tape_holes[ 0 ])) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+ if (tape_holes[ i ] < m_tape_pos) {
+ LOG_0(("next hole rev @%u = %u\n" , m_tape_pos , tape_holes[ i ]));
+ return tape_holes[ i ];
+ }
+ }
+ // No more holes: will hit start of tape
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+attotime hp_taco_device::time_to_distance(tape_pos_t distance) const
+{
+ // +1 for rounding
+ return attotime::from_ticks(distance + 1 , speed_to_tick_freq());
+}
+
+attotime hp_taco_device::time_to_target(tape_pos_t target) const
+{
+ return time_to_distance(abs(target - m_tape_pos));
+}
+
+bool hp_taco_device::start_tape_cmd(UINT16 cmd_reg , UINT16 must_be_1 , UINT16 must_be_0)
+{
+ m_cmd_reg = cmd_reg;
+
+ UINT16 to_be_tested = (m_cmd_reg & CMD_REG_MASK) | (m_status_reg & STATUS_REG_MASK);
+ // Bits in STATUS_ERR_MASK must always be 0
+ must_be_0 |= STATUS_ERR_MASK;
+
+ // It's not an error if the error state is already set (sts false)
+ if (((to_be_tested & (must_be_1 | must_be_0)) ^ must_be_1) != 0) {
+ set_error(true);
+ return false;
+ } else {
+ bool prev_tape_wr = m_tape_wr;
+ bool prev_tape_fwd = m_tape_fwd;
+ bool prev_tape_fast = m_tape_fast;
+ bool not_moving = m_start_time.is_never();
+
+ m_start_time = machine().time();
+ m_tape_wr = (must_be_0 & STATUS_WPR_MASK) != 0;
+ m_tape_fwd = DIR_FWD(m_cmd_reg);
+ m_tape_fast = SPEED_FAST(m_cmd_reg);
+ // TODO: remove?
+ BIT_CLR(m_status_reg, STATUS_HOLE_BIT);
+
+ if (m_tape_wr) {
+ // Write command: disable gap detector
+ m_gap_detect_start = NULL_TAPE_POS;
+ BIT_CLR(m_status_reg, STATUS_GAP_BIT);
+ m_image_dirty = true;
+ } else if (not_moving || prev_tape_wr != m_tape_wr || prev_tape_fwd != m_tape_fwd || prev_tape_fast != m_tape_fast) {
+ // Tape started right now, switched from writing to reading, direction changed or speed changed: (re)start gap detector
+ m_gap_detect_start = m_tape_pos;
+ BIT_CLR(m_status_reg, STATUS_GAP_BIT);
+ }
+ return true;
+ }
+}
+
+void hp_taco_device::stop_tape(void)
+{
+ m_start_time = attotime::never;
+ m_gap_detect_start = NULL_TAPE_POS;
+}
+
+hp_taco_device::tape_track_t& hp_taco_device::current_track(void)
+{
+ return m_tracks[ BIT(m_status_reg , STATUS_TRACKB_BIT) ];
+}
+
+// Return physical length of a 16-bit word on tape
+hp_taco_device::tape_pos_t hp_taco_device::word_length(tape_word_t w)
+{
+ unsigned zeros , ones;
+
+ // pop count of w
+ ones = (w & 0x5555) + ((w >> 1) & 0x5555);
+ ones = (ones & 0x3333) + ((ones >> 2) & 0x3333);
+ ones = (ones & 0x0f0f) + ((ones >> 4) & 0x0f0f);
+ ones = (ones & 0x00ff) + ((ones >> 8) & 0x00ff);
+
+ zeros = 16 - ones;
+
+ return zeros * ZERO_BIT_LEN + (ones + 1) * ONE_BIT_LEN;
+}
+
+hp_taco_device::tape_pos_t hp_taco_device::word_end_pos(const tape_track_t::iterator& it)
+{
+ return it->first + word_length(it->second);
+}
+
+void hp_taco_device::adjust_it(tape_track_t& track , tape_track_t::iterator& it , tape_pos_t pos)
+{
+ if (it != track.begin()) {
+ it--;
+ if (word_end_pos(it) <= pos) {
+ it++;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+// Write a word on current tape track
+void hp_taco_device::write_word(tape_pos_t start , tape_word_t word , tape_pos_t& length)
+{
+ tape_track_t& track = current_track();
+ tape_track_t::iterator it_low = track.lower_bound(start);
+ adjust_it(track , it_low , start);
+ length = word_length(word);
+ tape_pos_t end_pos = start + length;
+ tape_track_t::iterator it_high = track.lower_bound(end_pos);
+
+ track.erase(it_low , it_high);
+
+ track.insert(it_high , std::make_pair(start, word));
+ LOG_0(("WR %04x @ T%u:%u\n" , word , BIT(m_status_reg , STATUS_TRACKB_BIT) , start));
+}
+
+// Write a gap on current track
+void hp_taco_device::write_gap(tape_pos_t a , tape_pos_t b)
+{
+ ensure_a_lt_b(a , b);
+ tape_track_t& track = current_track();
+ tape_track_t::iterator it_low = track.lower_bound(a);
+ adjust_it(track , it_low , a);
+ tape_track_t::iterator it_high = track.lower_bound(b);
+
+ track.erase(it_low, it_high);
+
+ LOG_0(("GAP on T%u:[%u,%u)\n" , BIT(m_status_reg , STATUS_TRACKB_BIT) , a , b));
+}
+
+bool hp_taco_device::just_gap(tape_pos_t a , tape_pos_t b)
+{
+ ensure_a_lt_b(a , b);
+ tape_track_t& track = current_track();
+ tape_track_t::iterator it_low = track.lower_bound(a);
+ tape_track_t::iterator it_high = track.lower_bound(b);
+
+ adjust_it(track, it_low, a);
+
+ return it_low == it_high;
+}
+
+hp_taco_device::tape_pos_t hp_taco_device::farthest_end(const tape_track_t::iterator& it) const
+{
+ if (m_tape_fwd) {
+ return word_end_pos(it);
+ } else {
+ return it->first;
+ }
+}
+
+bool hp_taco_device::next_data(tape_track_t::iterator& it , tape_pos_t pos , bool inclusive)
+{
+ tape_track_t& track = current_track();
+ it = track.lower_bound(pos);
+ if (m_tape_fwd) {
+ if (inclusive) {
+ adjust_it(track, it, pos);
+ }
+ return it != track.end();
+ } else {
+ // Never more than 2 iterations
+ do {
+ if (it == track.begin()) {
+ it = track.end();
+ return false;
+ }
+ it--;
+ } while (!inclusive && word_end_pos(it) > pos);
+ return true;
+ }
+}
+
+hp_taco_device::adv_res_t hp_taco_device::adv_it(tape_track_t::iterator& it)
+{
+ tape_track_t& track = current_track();
+ if (m_tape_fwd) {
+ tape_pos_t prev_pos = word_end_pos(it);
+ it++;
+ if (it == track.end()) {
+ return ADV_NO_MORE_DATA;
+ } else {
+ adv_res_t res = prev_pos == it->first ? ADV_CONT_DATA : ADV_DISCONT_DATA;
+ return res;
+ }
+ } else {
+ if (it == track.begin()) {
+ it = track.end();
+ return ADV_NO_MORE_DATA;
+ } else {
+ tape_pos_t prev_pos = it->first;
+ it--;
+ return prev_pos == word_end_pos(it) ? ADV_CONT_DATA : ADV_DISCONT_DATA;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+attotime hp_taco_device::fetch_next_wr_word(void)
+{
+ if (m_data_reg_full) {
+ m_next_word = m_data_reg;
+ m_data_reg_full = false;
+ LOG_0(("next %04x (DR)\n" , m_next_word));
+ } else {
+ // When data register is empty, write checksum word
+ m_next_word = m_checksum_reg;
+ LOG_0(("next %04x (CS)\n" , m_next_word));
+ }
+ // Update checksum with new word
+ m_checksum_reg += m_next_word;
+
+ return time_to_distance(word_length(m_next_word));
+}
+
+attotime hp_taco_device::time_to_rd_next_word(tape_pos_t& word_rd_pos)
+{
+ if (m_rd_it_valid) {
+ word_rd_pos = farthest_end(m_rd_it);
+ return time_to_target(word_rd_pos);
+ } else {
+ return attotime::never;
+ }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Scan for next "n_gaps" gaps
+ *
+ * @param[in,out] pos Start position on input, start of gap on output
+ * @param it Pointer to data word where scan is to start
+ * @param n_gaps Number of gaps to scan
+ * @param min_gap Minimum gap size
+ *
+ * @return true if n_gaps gaps are found
+ */
+bool hp_taco_device::next_n_gap(tape_pos_t& pos , tape_track_t::iterator it , unsigned n_gaps , tape_pos_t min_gap)
+{
+ tape_track_t& track = current_track();
+ bool done = false;
+ tape_track_t::iterator prev_it;
+
+ if (m_tape_fwd) {
+ tape_pos_t next_pos;
+
+ while (1) {
+ if (it == track.end()) {
+ next_pos = TAPE_LENGTH;
+ done = true;
+ } else {
+ next_pos = it->first;
+ }
+ if (((next_pos - pos) >= min_gap && --n_gaps == 0) || done) {
+ break;
+ }
+ adv_res_t adv_res;
+ do {
+ prev_it = it;
+ adv_res = adv_it(it);
+ } while (adv_res == ADV_CONT_DATA);
+ pos = word_end_pos(prev_it);
+ }
+ } else {
+ tape_pos_t next_pos;
+
+ while (1) {
+ if (it == track.end()) {
+ next_pos = 0;
+ done = true;
+ } else {
+ next_pos = word_end_pos(it);
+ }
+ if (((pos - next_pos) >= min_gap && --n_gaps == 0) || done) {
+ break;
+ }
+ adv_res_t adv_res;
+ do {
+ prev_it = it;
+ adv_res = adv_it(it);
+ } while (adv_res == ADV_CONT_DATA);
+ pos = prev_it->first;
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Set "pos" where minimum gap size is met
+ pos_offset(pos , min_gap);
+
+ return n_gaps == 0;
+}
+
+bool hp_taco_device::next_n_gap(tape_pos_t& pos , unsigned n_gaps , tape_pos_t min_gap)
+{
+ tape_track_t::iterator it;
+ // First align with next data
+ next_data(it, pos, true);
+ // Then scan for n_gaps
+ return next_n_gap(pos, it, n_gaps, min_gap);
+}
+
+void hp_taco_device::clear_tape(void)
+{
+ for (unsigned track_n = 0; track_n < 2; track_n++) {
+ m_tracks[ track_n ].clear();
+ }
+}
+
+void hp_taco_device::dump_sequence(tape_track_t::const_iterator it_start , unsigned n_words)
+{
+ if (n_words) {
+ UINT32 tmp32;
+ UINT16 tmp16;
+
+ tmp32 = n_words;
+ fwrite(&tmp32 , sizeof(tmp32));
+ tmp32 = it_start->first;
+ fwrite(&tmp32 , sizeof(tmp32));
+
+ for (unsigned i = 0; i < n_words; i++) {
+ tmp16 = it_start->second;
+ fwrite(&tmp16 , sizeof(tmp16));
+ it_start++;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+void hp_taco_device::save_tape(void)
+{
+ UINT32 tmp32;
+
+ fseek(0, SEEK_SET);
+
+ tmp32 = FILE_MAGIC;
+ fwrite(&tmp32 , sizeof(tmp32));
+
+ for (unsigned track_n = 0; track_n < 2; track_n++) {
+ const tape_track_t& track = m_tracks[ track_n ];
+ tape_pos_t next_pos = (tape_pos_t)-1;
+ unsigned n_words = 0;
+ tape_track_t::const_iterator it_start;
+ for (tape_track_t::const_iterator it = track.cbegin(); it != track.cend(); it++) {
+ if (it->first != next_pos) {
+ dump_sequence(it_start , n_words);
+ it_start = it;
+ n_words = 0;
+ }
+ next_pos = it->first + word_length(it->second);
+ n_words++;
+ }
+ dump_sequence(it_start , n_words);
+ // End of track
+ tmp32 = (UINT32)-1;
+ fwrite(&tmp32 , sizeof(tmp32));
+ }
+}
+
+bool hp_taco_device::load_track(tape_track_t& track)
+{
+ UINT32 tmp32;
+
+ track.clear();
+
+ while (1) {
+ if (fread(&tmp32 , sizeof(tmp32)) != sizeof(tmp32)) {
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ if (tmp32 == (UINT32)-1) {
+ return true;
+ }
+
+ unsigned n_words = tmp32;
+
+ if (fread(&tmp32 , sizeof(tmp32)) != sizeof(tmp32)) {
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ tape_pos_t pos = (tape_pos_t)tmp32;
+
+ for (unsigned i = 0; i < n_words; i++) {
+ UINT16 tmp16;
+
+ if (fread(&tmp16 , sizeof(tmp16)) != sizeof(tmp16)) {
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ track.insert(std::make_pair(pos , tmp16));
+ pos += word_length(tmp16);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+bool hp_taco_device::load_tape(void)
+{
+ UINT32 magic;
+
+ if (fread(&magic , sizeof(magic)) != sizeof(magic) ||
+ magic != FILE_MAGIC) {
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ for (unsigned track_n = 0; track_n < 2; track_n++) {
+ if (!load_track(m_tracks[ track_n ])) {
+ LOG(("load_tape failed"));
+ clear_tape();
+ return false;
+ }
+ }
+
+ LOG(("load_tape done\n"));
+ return true;
+}
+
+void hp_taco_device::set_tape_present(bool present)
+{
+ if (present) {
+ if (is_readonly()) {
+ BIT_SET(m_status_reg, STATUS_WPR_BIT);
+ } else {
+ BIT_CLR(m_status_reg, STATUS_WPR_BIT);
+ }
+ // STATUS_CART_OUT_BIT is reset by CMD_CLEAR
+ } else {
+ BIT_SET(m_status_reg, STATUS_CART_OUT_BIT);
+ BIT_SET(m_status_reg, STATUS_WPR_BIT);
+ }
+}
+
+attotime hp_taco_device::time_to_next_hole(void) const
+{
+ return time_to_target(next_hole());
+}
+
+attotime hp_taco_device::time_to_tach_pulses(void) const
+{
+ return time_to_distance((tape_pos_t)(0x10000U - m_tach_reg) * TAPE_POS_FRACT);
+}
+
+void hp_taco_device::start_cmd_exec(UINT16 new_cmd_reg)
+{
+ LOG(("Cmd = %02x\n" , CMD_CODE(new_cmd_reg)));
+
+ update_tape_pos();
+
+ attotime cmd_duration = attotime::never;
+ attotime time_to_hole = attotime::never;
+
+ unsigned new_cmd_code = CMD_CODE(new_cmd_reg);
+
+ if (new_cmd_code != CMD_START_READ &&
+ new_cmd_code != CMD_END_READ &&
+ new_cmd_code != CMD_CLEAR) {
+ m_rd_it_valid = false;
+ }
+
+ switch (new_cmd_code) {
+ case CMD_INDTA_INGAP:
+ // Errors: CART OUT,FAST SPEED
+ if (start_tape_cmd(new_cmd_reg , 0 , SPEED_FAST_MASK)) {
+ m_cmd_state = 0;
+ if (next_data(m_rd_it , m_tape_pos , true)) {
+ cmd_duration = time_to_target(farthest_end(m_rd_it));
+ }
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case CMD_FINAL_GAP:
+ // Errors: WP,CART OUT
+ if (start_tape_cmd(new_cmd_reg , 0 , STATUS_WPR_MASK)) {
+ m_rw_pos = m_tape_pos;
+ cmd_duration = time_to_distance(END_GAP_LENGTH);
+ time_to_hole = time_to_next_hole();
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case CMD_CLEAR:
+ set_error(false);
+ BIT_CLR(m_status_reg, STATUS_HOLE_BIT);
+ BIT_CLR(m_status_reg, STATUS_CART_OUT_BIT);
+ BIT_CLR(m_status_reg, STATUS_WPR_BIT);
+ set_tape_present(is_loaded());
+ // This is a special command: it doesn't raise IRQ at completion and it
+ // doesn't replace current command
+ return;
+
+ case CMD_NOT_INDTA:
+ // Errors: CART OUT,FAST SPEED
+ if (start_tape_cmd(new_cmd_reg , 0 , SPEED_FAST_MASK)) {
+ tape_pos_t target = m_tape_pos;
+ if (next_n_gap(target, 1, NO_DATA_GAP)) {
+ LOG_0(("End of data @%d\n" , target));
+ cmd_duration = time_to_target(target);
+ }
+ // Holes detected?
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case CMD_INIT_WRITE:
+ // Errors: WP,CART OUT,fast speed,reverse
+ if (start_tape_cmd(new_cmd_reg , DIR_FWD_MASK , STATUS_WPR_MASK | SPEED_FAST_MASK)) {
+ m_next_word = PREAMBLE_WORD;
+ m_rw_pos = m_tape_pos;
+ cmd_duration = time_to_distance(word_length(m_next_word));
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case CMD_STOP:
+ if (CMD_CODE(m_cmd_reg) != CMD_STOP) {
+ if (m_start_time.is_never()) {
+ // Tape is already stopped
+ cmd_duration = attotime::from_usec(QUICK_CMD_USEC);
+ } else {
+ // Start braking timer
+ cmd_duration = attotime::from_msec(m_tape_fast ? FAST_BRAKE_MSEC : SLOW_BRAKE_MSEC);
+ }
+ m_cmd_reg = new_cmd_reg;
+ } else {
+ // TODO: check if ok
+ return;
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case CMD_SET_TRACK:
+ // Don't know if this command really starts the tape or not (probably it doesn't)
+ if (start_tape_cmd(new_cmd_reg , 0 , 0)) {
+ // When b9 is 0, set track A/B
+ // When b9 is 1, ignore command (in TACO chip it has an unknown purpose)
+ if (!UNKNOWN_B9(new_cmd_reg)) {
+ if (CMD_OPT(new_cmd_reg)) {
+ BIT_SET(m_status_reg, STATUS_TRACKB_BIT);
+ } else {
+ BIT_CLR(m_status_reg, STATUS_TRACKB_BIT);
+ }
+ }
+ cmd_duration = attotime::from_usec(QUICK_CMD_USEC);
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case CMD_MOVE:
+ if (start_tape_cmd(new_cmd_reg , 0 , 0)) {
+ time_to_hole = time_to_next_hole();
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case CMD_INGAP_MOVE:
+ // Errors: CART OUT,FAST SPEED
+ if (start_tape_cmd(new_cmd_reg , 0 , SPEED_FAST_MASK)) {
+ m_cmd_state = 0;
+ tape_pos_t target = m_tape_pos;
+ if (next_n_gap(target, 1, MIN_IRG_LENGTH)) {
+ LOG_0(("IRG @%d\n" , target));
+ cmd_duration = time_to_target(target);
+ }
+ // Holes detected?
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case CMD_WRITE_IRG:
+ // Errors: WP,CART OUT
+ if (start_tape_cmd(new_cmd_reg , 0 , STATUS_WPR_MASK)) {
+ m_rw_pos = m_tape_pos;
+ cmd_duration = time_to_tach_pulses();
+ time_to_hole = time_to_next_hole();
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case CMD_SCAN_RECORDS:
+ // Errors: CART OUT
+ if (start_tape_cmd(new_cmd_reg , 0 , 0)) {
+ m_cmd_state = 0;
+ if (next_data(m_rd_it , m_tape_pos , true)) {
+ cmd_duration = time_to_target(farthest_end(m_rd_it));
+ }
+ time_to_hole = time_to_next_hole();
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case CMD_RECORD_WRITE:
+ // Errors: WP,CART OUT,fast speed,reverse
+ if (start_tape_cmd(new_cmd_reg , DIR_FWD_MASK , STATUS_WPR_MASK | SPEED_FAST_MASK)) {
+ // Search for preamble first
+ m_cmd_state = 0;
+ m_rd_it_valid = next_data(m_rd_it , m_tape_pos , false);
+ cmd_duration = time_to_rd_next_word(m_rw_pos);
+ // Holes detected?
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case CMD_MOVE_INDTA:
+ // Errors: CART OUT,FAST SPEED
+ if (start_tape_cmd(new_cmd_reg , 0 , SPEED_FAST_MASK)) {
+ m_cmd_state = 0;
+ cmd_duration = time_to_tach_pulses();
+ // Holes detected?
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case CMD_UNK_1b:
+ if (start_tape_cmd(new_cmd_reg , 0 , 0)) {
+ // Unknown purpose, but make it a NOP (it's used in "T" test of test ROM)
+ cmd_duration = attotime::from_usec(QUICK_CMD_USEC);
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case CMD_DELTA_MOVE_HOLE:
+ case CMD_DELTA_MOVE_IRG:
+ if (start_tape_cmd(new_cmd_reg , 0 , 0)) {
+ cmd_duration = time_to_tach_pulses();
+ time_to_hole = time_to_next_hole();
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case CMD_START_READ:
+ // Yes, you can read tape backwards: test "C" does that!
+ // Because of this DIR_FWD_MASK is not in the "must be 1" mask.
+ if (start_tape_cmd(new_cmd_reg , 0 , SPEED_FAST_MASK)) {
+ // TODO: check anche m_rw_pos sforato
+ if (!m_rd_it_valid) {
+ // Search for preamble first
+ m_cmd_state = 0;
+ m_rd_it_valid = next_data(m_rd_it , m_tape_pos , false);
+ }
+
+ cmd_duration = time_to_rd_next_word(m_rw_pos);
+ time_to_hole = time_to_next_hole();
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case CMD_END_READ:
+ // This command only makes sense after CMD_START_READ
+ if (CMD_CODE(m_cmd_reg) == CMD_START_READ && m_cmd_state == 1 &&
+ start_tape_cmd(new_cmd_reg , 0 , SPEED_FAST_MASK)) {
+ LOG_0(("END_READ %d\n" , m_rd_it_valid));
+ cmd_duration = time_to_rd_next_word(m_rw_pos);
+ time_to_hole = time_to_next_hole();
+ }
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ LOG(("Unrecognized command\n"));
+ break;
+ }
+
+ m_tape_timer->adjust(cmd_duration);
+ m_hole_timer->adjust(time_to_hole);
+}
+
+bool hp_taco_device::call_load()
+{
+ LOG(("call_load %d\n" , has_been_created()));
+ if (has_been_created()) {
+ clear_tape();
+ save_tape();
+ } else if (!load_tape()) {
+ seterror(IMAGE_ERROR_INVALIDIMAGE , "Wrong format");
+ set_tape_present(false);
+ return IMAGE_INIT_FAIL;
+ }
+
+ m_image_dirty = false;
+
+ set_tape_present(true);
+ return IMAGE_INIT_PASS;
+}
+
+bool hp_taco_device::call_create(int format_type, option_resolution *format_options)
+{
+ LOG(("call_create %d\n" , has_been_created()));
+ return call_load();
+}
+
+void hp_taco_device::call_unload()
+{
+ LOG(("call_unload dirty=%d\n" , m_image_dirty));
+ if (m_image_dirty) {
+ save_tape();
+ m_image_dirty = false;
+ }
+
+ clear_tape();
+ set_tape_present(false);
+}
+
+const char *hp_taco_device::file_extensions() const
+{
+ return "hti";
+}