summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstatshomepage
path: root/src/mame/drivers/zaccaria.c
blob: 099e852077f8b78684c5a3bda428a059749849b4 (plain) (blame)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
/***************************************************************************

Jack Rabbit memory map (preliminary)

driver by Nicola Salmoria
thanks to Andrea Babich for the manual.

TODO:

- implement discrete filters for analog signals 1 to 5 and attenuation control
  for signal 5 (74LS156)

- The 8910 outputs go through some analog circuitry to make them sound more like
  real intruments.
  #0 Ch. A = "rullante"/"cassa" (drum roll/bass drum) (selected by bits 3&4 of port A)
  #0 Ch. B = "basso" (bass)
  #0 Ch. C = straight out through an optional filter
  #1 Ch. A = "piano"
  #1 Ch. B = "tromba" (trumpet) (level selected by bit 0 of port A)
  #1 Ch. C = disabled (there's an open jumper, otherwise would go out through a filter)

- some minor color issues (see video)


Notes:
- There is a protection device which I haven't located on the schematics. It
  sits on bits 4-7 of the data bus, and is read from locations where only bits
  0-3 are connected to regular devices (6400-6407 has 4-bit RAM, while 6c00-6c07
  has a 4-bit input port).

- The 6802 driving the TMS5220 has a push button connected to the NMI line. Test?

***************************************************************************/

#include "driver.h"
#include "cpu/z80/z80.h"
#include "cpu/m6800/m6800.h"
#include "machine/6821pia.h"
#include "machine/8255ppi.h"
#include "sound/ay8910.h"
#include "sound/dac.h"
#include "sound/tms5220.h"


extern UINT8 *zaccaria_videoram,*zaccaria_attributesram;

PALETTE_INIT( zaccaria );
VIDEO_START( zaccaria );
WRITE8_HANDLER( zaccaria_videoram_w );
WRITE8_HANDLER( zaccaria_attributes_w );
WRITE8_HANDLER( zaccaria_flip_screen_x_w );
WRITE8_HANDLER( zaccaria_flip_screen_y_w );
VIDEO_UPDATE( zaccaria );


static int dsw;
static int active_8910, port0a, acs;
static int last_port0b;

static WRITE8_DEVICE_HANDLER( zaccaria_dsw_sel_w )
{
	switch (data & 0xf0)
	{
		case 0xe0:
			dsw = 0;
			break;

		case 0xd0:
			dsw = 1;
			break;

		case 0xb0:
			dsw = 2;
			break;

		default:
			logerror("%s: portsel = %02x\n", cpuexec_describe_context(device->machine), data);
			break;
	}
}

static READ8_HANDLER( zaccaria_dsw_r )
{
	static const char *const dswnames[] = { "IN0", "DSW0", "DSW1" };

	return input_port_read(space->machine, dswnames[dsw]);
}



static WRITE8_DEVICE_HANDLER( ay8910_port0a_w )
{
	/* bits 0-2 go to a 74LS156 with open collector outputs
	 * one out of 8 Resitors is than used to form a resistor
	 * divider with Analog input 5 (tromba)
	 */
	
	// bits 3-4 control the analog drum emulation on 8910 #0 ch. A

	static const int table[8] = { 8200, 5600, 3300, 1500, 820, 390, 150, 47 };
	int b0, b1, b2, ba, v;
	b0 = data & 0x01;
	b1 = (data & 0x02) >> 1;
	b2 = (data & 0x04) >> 2;
	ba = (b0<<2) | (b1<<1) | b2;
	/* 150 below to scale to volume 100 */
	v = (150 * table[ba]) / (4700 + table[ba]);
	//printf("dac1w %02d %04d\n", ba, v);
	ay8910_set_volume(devtag_get_device(device->machine, "ay2"), 1, v);
}


static WRITE_LINE_DEVICE_HANDLER( zaccaria_irq0a ) 
{ 
	cputag_set_input_line(device->machine, "audiocpu", INPUT_LINE_NMI, state ? ASSERT_LINE : CLEAR_LINE); 
}

static WRITE_LINE_DEVICE_HANDLER( zaccaria_irq0b ) 
{
	cputag_set_input_line(device->machine, "audiocpu", 0, state ? ASSERT_LINE : CLEAR_LINE); 
}

static READ8_DEVICE_HANDLER( zaccaria_port0a_r )
{
	return ay8910_r(devtag_get_device(device->machine, (active_8910 == 0) ? "ay1" : "ay2"), 0);
}

static WRITE8_DEVICE_HANDLER( zaccaria_port0a_w )
{
	port0a = data;
}

static WRITE8_DEVICE_HANDLER( zaccaria_port0b_w )
{

	/* bit 1 goes to 8910 #0 BDIR pin  */
	if ((last_port0b & 0x02) == 0x02 && (data & 0x02) == 0x00)
	{
		/* bit 0 goes to the 8910 #0 BC1 pin */
		ay8910_data_address_w(devtag_get_device(device->machine, "ay1"), last_port0b, port0a);
	}
	else if ((last_port0b & 0x02) == 0x00 && (data & 0x02) == 0x02)
	{
		/* bit 0 goes to the 8910 #0 BC1 pin */
		if (last_port0b & 0x01)
			active_8910 = 0;
	}
	/* bit 3 goes to 8910 #1 BDIR pin  */
	if ((last_port0b & 0x08) == 0x08 && (data & 0x08) == 0x00)
	{
		/* bit 2 goes to the 8910 #1 BC1 pin */
		ay8910_data_address_w(devtag_get_device(device->machine, "ay2"), last_port0b >> 2, port0a);
	}
	else if ((last_port0b & 0x08) == 0x00 && (data & 0x08) == 0x08)
	{
		/* bit 2 goes to the 8910 #1 BC1 pin */
		if (last_port0b & 0x04)
			active_8910 = 1;
	}

	last_port0b = data;
}

static INTERRUPT_GEN( zaccaria_cb1_toggle )
{
	const device_config *pia0 = devtag_get_device(device->machine, "pia0");
	static int toggle;

	pia6821_cb1_w(pia0,0, toggle & 1);
	toggle ^= 1;
}

static WRITE8_DEVICE_HANDLER( zaccaria_port1b_w )
{
	const device_config *tms = devtag_get_device(device->machine, "tms");

	// bit 0 = /RS
	tms5220_rsq_w(tms, (data >> 0) & 0x01);
	// bit 1 = /WS
	tms5220_wsq_w(tms, (data >> 1) & 0x01);

	// bit 3 = "ACS" (goes, inverted, to input port 6 bit 3)
	acs = ~data & 0x08;

	// bit 4 = led (for testing?)
	set_led_status(0,~data & 0x10);
}

static READ_LINE_DEVICE_HANDLER( zaccaria_ca2_r )
{
	return tms5220_readyq_r(device);
}


static const pia6821_interface pia_0_intf =
{
	DEVCB_HANDLER(zaccaria_port0a_r),		/* port A in */
	DEVCB_NULL,		/* port B in */
	DEVCB_NULL,		/* line CA1 in */
	DEVCB_NULL,		/* line CB1 in */
	DEVCB_NULL,		/* line CA2 in */
	DEVCB_NULL,		/* line CB2 in */
	DEVCB_HANDLER(zaccaria_port0a_w),		/* port A out */
	DEVCB_HANDLER(zaccaria_port0b_w),		/* port B out */
	DEVCB_NULL,		/* line CA2 out */
	DEVCB_NULL,		/* port CB2 out */
	DEVCB_LINE(zaccaria_irq0a),		/* IRQA */
	DEVCB_LINE(zaccaria_irq0b)		/* IRQB */
};


static const pia6821_interface pia_1_intf =
{
	DEVCB_DEVICE_HANDLER("tms", tms5220_status_r),		/* port A in */
	DEVCB_NULL,		/* port B in */
	DEVCB_NULL,		/* line CA1 in */
	DEVCB_NULL,		/* line CB1 in */
	DEVCB_DEVICE_LINE("tms", zaccaria_ca2_r),		/* line CA2 in */
	DEVCB_NULL,		/* line CB2 in */
	DEVCB_DEVICE_HANDLER("tms", tms5220_data_w),		/* port A out */
	DEVCB_HANDLER(zaccaria_port1b_w),		/* port B out */
	DEVCB_NULL,		/* line CA2 out */
	DEVCB_NULL,		/* port CB2 out */
	DEVCB_NULL,		/* IRQA */
	DEVCB_NULL		/* IRQB */
};


static const ppi8255_interface ppi8255_intf =
{
	DEVCB_INPUT_PORT("P1"),				/* Port A read */
	DEVCB_INPUT_PORT("P2"),				/* Port B read */
	DEVCB_INPUT_PORT("SYSTEM"),			/* Port C read */
	DEVCB_NULL,							/* Port A write */
	DEVCB_NULL,							/* Port B write */
	DEVCB_HANDLER(zaccaria_dsw_sel_w)	/* Port C write */
};


static WRITE8_HANDLER( sound_command_w )
{
	soundlatch_w(space, 0, data);
	cputag_set_input_line(space->machine, "audio2", 0, (data & 0x80) ? CLEAR_LINE : ASSERT_LINE);
}

static WRITE8_HANDLER( sound1_command_w )
{
	const device_config *pia0 = devtag_get_device(space->machine, "pia0");
	pia6821_ca1_w(pia0, 0, data & 0x80);
	soundlatch2_w(space, 0, data);
}

static WRITE8_DEVICE_HANDLER( mc1408_data_w )
{
	dac_data_w(device, data);
}


extern const game_driver driver_monymony;

static READ8_HANDLER( zaccaria_prot1_r )
{
	switch (offset)
	{
		case 0:
			return 0x50;    /* Money Money */

		case 4:
			return 0x40;    /* Jack Rabbit */

		case 6:
			if (space->machine->gamedrv == &driver_monymony)
				return 0x70;    /* Money Money */
			return 0xa0;    /* Jack Rabbit */

		default:
			return 0;
	}
}

static READ8_HANDLER( zaccaria_prot2_r )
{
	switch (offset)
	{
		case 0:
			return input_port_read(space->machine, "COINS");   /* bits 4 and 5 must be 0 in Jack Rabbit */

		case 2:
			return 0x10;    /* Jack Rabbit */

		case 4:
			return 0x80;    /* Money Money */

		case 6:
			return 0x00;    /* Money Money */

		default:
			return 0;
	}
}


static WRITE8_HANDLER( coin_w )
{
	coin_counter_w(0,data & 1);
}

static WRITE8_HANDLER( nmienable_w )
{
	interrupt_enable_w(space,0,data & 1);
}



static ADDRESS_MAP_START( main_map, ADDRESS_SPACE_PROGRAM, 8 )
	AM_RANGE(0x0000, 0x5fff) AM_ROM
	AM_RANGE(0x6000, 0x63ff) AM_READ(SMH_RAM)
	AM_RANGE(0x6400, 0x6407) AM_READ(zaccaria_prot1_r)
	AM_RANGE(0x6000, 0x67ff) AM_WRITE(zaccaria_videoram_w) AM_BASE(&zaccaria_videoram)	/* 6400-67ff is 4 bits wide */
	AM_RANGE(0x6800, 0x683f) AM_WRITE(zaccaria_attributes_w) AM_BASE(&zaccaria_attributesram)
	AM_RANGE(0x6840, 0x685f) AM_RAM AM_BASE(&spriteram) AM_SIZE(&spriteram_size)
	AM_RANGE(0x6881, 0x68bc) AM_RAM AM_BASE(&spriteram_2) AM_SIZE(&spriteram_2_size)
	AM_RANGE(0x6c00, 0x6c00) AM_WRITE(zaccaria_flip_screen_x_w)
	AM_RANGE(0x6c01, 0x6c01) AM_WRITE(zaccaria_flip_screen_y_w)
	AM_RANGE(0x6c02, 0x6c02) AM_WRITENOP    /* sound reset */
	AM_RANGE(0x6c06, 0x6c06) AM_WRITE(coin_w)
	AM_RANGE(0x6c07, 0x6c07) AM_WRITE(nmienable_w)
	AM_RANGE(0x6c00, 0x6c07) AM_READ(zaccaria_prot2_r)
	AM_RANGE(0x6e00, 0x6e00) AM_READWRITE(zaccaria_dsw_r, sound_command_w)
	AM_RANGE(0x7000, 0x77ff) AM_RAM
	AM_RANGE(0x7800, 0x7803) AM_DEVREADWRITE("ppi8255", ppi8255_r, ppi8255_w)
	AM_RANGE(0x7c00, 0x7c00) AM_READ(watchdog_reset_r)
	AM_RANGE(0x8000, 0xdfff) AM_ROM
ADDRESS_MAP_END

static ADDRESS_MAP_START( sound_map_1, ADDRESS_SPACE_PROGRAM, 8 )
	AM_RANGE(0x0000, 0x007f) AM_RAM
	AM_RANGE(0x500c, 0x500f) AM_DEVREADWRITE("pia0", pia6821_r, pia6821_w)
	AM_RANGE(0xa000, 0xbfff) AM_ROM
	AM_RANGE(0xe000, 0xffff) AM_ROM
ADDRESS_MAP_END

static ADDRESS_MAP_START( sound_map_2, ADDRESS_SPACE_PROGRAM, 8 )
	AM_RANGE(0x0000, 0x007f) AM_RAM
	AM_RANGE(0x0090, 0x0093) AM_DEVREADWRITE("pia1", pia6821_r, pia6821_w)
	AM_RANGE(0x1000, 0x1000) AM_DEVWRITE("dac2", mc1408_data_w)	/* MC1408 */
	AM_RANGE(0x1400, 0x1400) AM_WRITE(sound1_command_w)
	AM_RANGE(0x1800, 0x1800) AM_READ(soundlatch_r)
	AM_RANGE(0xa000, 0xbfff) AM_ROM
	AM_RANGE(0xe000, 0xffff) AM_ROM
ADDRESS_MAP_END


static CUSTOM_INPUT( acs_r )
{
	return (acs & 0x08) ? 1 : 0;
}

static INPUT_PORTS_START( monymony )
	PORT_START("IN0")
	PORT_DIPNAME( 0x03, 0x01, DEF_STR( Lives ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x00, "2" )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x01, "3" )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x02, "4" )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x03, "5" )
	PORT_DIPNAME( 0x04, 0x00, "Infinite Lives (Cheat)")
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x00, DEF_STR( Off ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x04, DEF_STR( On ) )
	PORT_DIPNAME( 0x08, 0x00, DEF_STR( Difficulty ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x00, DEF_STR( Easy ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x08, DEF_STR( Hard ) )
	PORT_DIPNAME( 0x10, 0x00, DEF_STR( Cabinet ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x00, DEF_STR( Upright ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x10, DEF_STR( Cocktail ) )
	PORT_DIPNAME( 0x20, 0x00, "Freeze" )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x00, DEF_STR( Off ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x20, DEF_STR( On ) )
	PORT_DIPNAME( 0x40, 0x00, "Cross Hatch Pattern" )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x00, DEF_STR( Off ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x40, DEF_STR( On ) )
	PORT_DIPNAME( 0x80, 0x00, DEF_STR( Unknown ) )  /* random high scores? */
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x80, DEF_STR( Off ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x00, DEF_STR( On ) )

	PORT_START("DSW0")
	PORT_DIPNAME( 0x03, 0x01, DEF_STR( Bonus_Life ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x01, "200000" )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x02, "300000" )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x03, "400000" )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x00, DEF_STR( None ) )
	PORT_DIPNAME( 0x04, 0x00, "Table Title" )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x00, "Todays High Scores" )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x04, "High Scores" )
	PORT_DIPNAME( 0x08, 0x00, DEF_STR( Unused ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x08, DEF_STR( Off ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x00, DEF_STR( On ) )
	PORT_DIPNAME( 0x10, 0x00, DEF_STR( Unused ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x10, DEF_STR( Off ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x00, DEF_STR( On ) )
	PORT_DIPNAME( 0x20, 0x00, DEF_STR( Unused ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x20, DEF_STR( Off ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x00, DEF_STR( On ) )
	PORT_DIPNAME( 0x40, 0x00, DEF_STR( Unused ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x40, DEF_STR( Off ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x00, DEF_STR( On ) )
	PORT_SERVICE( 0x80, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH )

	PORT_START("DSW1")
	PORT_DIPNAME( 0x03, 0x02, DEF_STR( Coin_A ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x03, DEF_STR( 2C_1C ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x02, DEF_STR( 1C_1C ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x01, DEF_STR( 1C_2C ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x00, DEF_STR( 1C_3C ) )
	PORT_DIPNAME( 0x8c, 0x84, DEF_STR( Coin_B ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x8c, DEF_STR( 4C_1C ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x88, DEF_STR( 2C_1C ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x84, DEF_STR( 1C_1C ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x80, DEF_STR( 1C_2C ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x0c, DEF_STR( 1C_3C ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x08, DEF_STR( 1C_4C ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x04, DEF_STR( 1C_5C ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x00, DEF_STR( 1C_6C ) )
	PORT_DIPNAME( 0x70, 0x50, "Coin C" )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x70, DEF_STR( 4C_1C ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x60, DEF_STR( 2C_1C ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x50, DEF_STR( 1C_1C ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x40, DEF_STR( 1C_2C ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x30, DEF_STR( 1C_3C ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x20, DEF_STR( 1C_4C ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x10, DEF_STR( 1C_5C ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x00, DEF_STR( 1C_7C ) )

	PORT_START("P1")
	PORT_BIT( 0x01, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_JOYSTICK_LEFT ) PORT_8WAY
	PORT_BIT( 0x02, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_JOYSTICK_RIGHT ) PORT_8WAY
	PORT_BIT( 0x04, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_UNKNOWN )
	PORT_BIT( 0x08, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_UNKNOWN )
	PORT_BIT( 0x10, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_BUTTON1 )
	PORT_BIT( 0x20, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_JOYSTICK_UP ) PORT_8WAY
	PORT_BIT( 0x40, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_JOYSTICK_DOWN ) PORT_8WAY
	PORT_BIT( 0x80, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_UNKNOWN )

	PORT_START("P2")
	PORT_BIT( 0x01, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_JOYSTICK_LEFT ) PORT_8WAY PORT_COCKTAIL
	PORT_BIT( 0x02, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_JOYSTICK_RIGHT ) PORT_8WAY PORT_COCKTAIL
	PORT_BIT( 0x04, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_UNKNOWN )
	PORT_BIT( 0x08, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_UNKNOWN )
	PORT_BIT( 0x10, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_BUTTON1 ) PORT_COCKTAIL
	PORT_BIT( 0x20, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_JOYSTICK_UP ) PORT_8WAY PORT_COCKTAIL
	PORT_BIT( 0x40, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_JOYSTICK_DOWN ) PORT_8WAY PORT_COCKTAIL
	PORT_BIT( 0x80, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_UNKNOWN )

	PORT_START("SYSTEM")
	PORT_BIT( 0x01, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_START1 )
	PORT_BIT( 0x02, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_START2 )
	PORT_BIT( 0x04, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_TILT )
	PORT_BIT( 0x08, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_UNKNOWN )
	/* other bits are outputs */

	PORT_START("COINS")
	PORT_BIT( 0x01, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_COIN1 )
	PORT_BIT( 0x02, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_COIN2 )
	PORT_BIT( 0x04, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_COIN3 )
	PORT_BIT( 0x08, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_SPECIAL ) PORT_CUSTOM(acs_r, NULL)	/* "ACS" - from pin 13 of a PIA on the sound board */
	/* other bits come from a protection device */
INPUT_PORTS_END

static INPUT_PORTS_START( jackrabt )
	PORT_INCLUDE( monymony )

	PORT_MODIFY("IN0")
	PORT_DIPNAME( 0x08, 0x00, DEF_STR( Unknown ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x08, DEF_STR( Off ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x00, DEF_STR( On ) )

	PORT_MODIFY("DSW0")
	PORT_DIPNAME( 0x01, 0x00, DEF_STR( Unknown ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x01, DEF_STR( Off ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x00, DEF_STR( On ) )
	PORT_DIPNAME( 0x02, 0x00, DEF_STR( Unknown ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x02, DEF_STR( Off ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x00, DEF_STR( On ) )
	PORT_DIPNAME( 0x04, 0x00, "Table Title" )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x00, "Todays High Scores" )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x04, "High Scores" )
	PORT_DIPNAME( 0x08, 0x00, DEF_STR( Unknown ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x08, DEF_STR( Off ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x00, DEF_STR( On ) )
	PORT_DIPNAME( 0x10, 0x00, DEF_STR( Unknown ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x10, DEF_STR( Off ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x00, DEF_STR( On ) )
	PORT_DIPNAME( 0x20, 0x00, DEF_STR( Unknown ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x20, DEF_STR( Off ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x00, DEF_STR( On ) )
	PORT_DIPNAME( 0x40, 0x00, DEF_STR( Unknown ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x40, DEF_STR( Off ) )
	PORT_DIPSETTING(    0x00, DEF_STR( On ) )
	PORT_SERVICE( 0x80, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH )
INPUT_PORTS_END



static const gfx_layout charlayout =
{
	8,8,
	RGN_FRAC(1,3),
	3,
	{ RGN_FRAC(2,3), RGN_FRAC(1,3), RGN_FRAC(0,3) },
	{ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 },
	{ 0*8, 1*8, 2*8, 3*8, 4*8, 5*8, 6*8, 7*8 },
	8*8
};

static const gfx_layout spritelayout =
{
	16,16,
	RGN_FRAC(1,3),
	3,
	{ RGN_FRAC(2,3), RGN_FRAC(1,3), RGN_FRAC(0,3) },
	{ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
			8*8+0, 8*8+1, 8*8+2, 8*8+3, 8*8+4, 8*8+5, 8*8+6, 8*8+7 },
	{ 0*8, 1*8, 2*8, 3*8, 4*8, 5*8, 6*8, 7*8,
			16*8, 17*8, 18*8, 19*8, 20*8, 21*8, 22*8, 23*8 },
	32*8
};

static GFXDECODE_START( zaccaria )
	GFXDECODE_ENTRY( "gfx1", 0, charlayout,      0, 32 )
	GFXDECODE_ENTRY( "gfx1", 0, spritelayout, 32*8, 32 )
GFXDECODE_END


static const ay8910_interface ay8910_config =
{
	AY8910_LEGACY_OUTPUT,
	AY8910_DEFAULT_LOADS,
	DEVCB_NULL,
	DEVCB_MEMORY_HANDLER("audiocpu", PROGRAM, soundlatch2_r),
	DEVCB_HANDLER(ay8910_port0a_w),
	DEVCB_NULL
};

static const tms5220_interface tms5220_config =
{
	DEVCB_DEVICE_HANDLER("pia1", pia6821_cb1_w)	/* IRQ handler */
};



static MACHINE_DRIVER_START( zaccaria )

	/* basic machine hardware */
	MDRV_CPU_ADD("maincpu", Z80,XTAL_18_432MHz/6)	/* verified on pcb */
	MDRV_CPU_PROGRAM_MAP(main_map)
	MDRV_CPU_VBLANK_INT("screen", nmi_line_pulse)
	MDRV_QUANTUM_TIME(HZ(1000000))

	MDRV_CPU_ADD("audiocpu", M6802,XTAL_3_579545MHz) /* verified on pcb */
	MDRV_CPU_PROGRAM_MAP(sound_map_1)
	MDRV_CPU_PERIODIC_INT(zaccaria_cb1_toggle,(double)3580000/4096)
	MDRV_QUANTUM_TIME(HZ(1000000))

	MDRV_CPU_ADD("audio2", M6802,XTAL_3_579545MHz) /* verified on pcb */
	MDRV_CPU_PROGRAM_MAP(sound_map_2)
	MDRV_QUANTUM_TIME(HZ(1000000))


	MDRV_PPI8255_ADD( "ppi8255", ppi8255_intf )
	MDRV_PIA6821_ADD( "pia0", pia_0_intf )
	MDRV_PIA6821_ADD( "pia1", pia_1_intf )

	/* video hardware */
	MDRV_SCREEN_ADD("screen", RASTER)
	MDRV_SCREEN_REFRESH_RATE(60)
	MDRV_SCREEN_VBLANK_TIME(ATTOSECONDS_IN_USEC(0))
	MDRV_SCREEN_FORMAT(BITMAP_FORMAT_INDEXED16)
	MDRV_SCREEN_SIZE(32*8, 32*8)
	MDRV_SCREEN_VISIBLE_AREA(0*8, 32*8-1, 2*8, 30*8-1)

	MDRV_GFXDECODE(zaccaria)
	MDRV_PALETTE_LENGTH(32*8+32*8)

	MDRV_PALETTE_INIT(zaccaria)
	MDRV_VIDEO_START(zaccaria)
	MDRV_VIDEO_UPDATE(zaccaria)

	/* sound hardware */
	MDRV_SPEAKER_STANDARD_MONO("mono")

	MDRV_SOUND_ADD("ay1", AY8910, XTAL_3_579545MHz/2) /* verified on pcb */
	MDRV_SOUND_CONFIG(ay8910_config)
	MDRV_SOUND_ROUTE(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.15)

	MDRV_SOUND_ADD("ay2", AY8910, XTAL_3_579545MHz/2) /* verified on pcb */
	MDRV_SOUND_ROUTE(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.15)

	MDRV_SOUND_ADD("dac2", DAC, 0)
	MDRV_SOUND_ROUTE(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.80)

	/* There is no xtal, the clock is obtained from a RC oscillator as shown in the TMS5220 datasheet (R=100kOhm C=22pF) */
	/* 162kHz measured on pin 3 20 minutesa fter power on. Clock would then be 162*4=648kHz. */
	MDRV_SOUND_ADD("tms", TMS5200, 640000)
	MDRV_SOUND_CONFIG(tms5220_config)
	MDRV_SOUND_ROUTE(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.80)
MACHINE_DRIVER_END



/***************************************************************************

  Game driver(s)

***************************************************************************/

ROM_START( monymony )
	ROM_REGION( 0x10000, "maincpu", 0 )
	ROM_LOAD( "cpu1.1a",           0x0000, 0x1000, CRC(13c227ca) SHA1(be305d112917904dd130b08f6b5186e3fbcb858a) )
	ROM_CONTINUE(             0x8000, 0x1000 )
	ROM_LOAD( "cpu2.1b",           0x1000, 0x1000, CRC(87372545) SHA1(04618d007a93b3f6706f56b10bdf39727d7d748d) )
	ROM_CONTINUE(             0x9000, 0x1000 )
	ROM_LOAD( "cpu3.1c",           0x2000, 0x1000, CRC(6aea9c01) SHA1(36a57f4dfae52d674dcf55d2b93dbacf734866b1) )
	ROM_CONTINUE(             0xa000, 0x1000 )
	ROM_LOAD( "cpu4.1d",           0x3000, 0x1000, CRC(5fdec451) SHA1(0f955c907e0a61a725a951018fdf5cc321139863) )
	ROM_CONTINUE(             0xb000, 0x1000 )
	ROM_LOAD( "cpu5.2a",           0x4000, 0x1000, CRC(af830e3c) SHA1(bed57c341ae3500f147efe31bcf01f81466ec1c0) )
	ROM_CONTINUE(             0xc000, 0x1000 )
	ROM_LOAD( "cpu6.2c",           0x5000, 0x1000, CRC(31da62b1) SHA1(486f07087244f8537510afacb64ddd59eb512a4d) )
	ROM_CONTINUE(             0xd000, 0x1000 )

	ROM_REGION( 0x10000, "audiocpu", 0 ) /* 64k for first 6802 */
	ROM_LOAD( "snd13.2g",           0xa000, 0x2000, CRC(78b01b98) SHA1(2aabed56cdae9463deb513c0c5021f6c8dfd271e) )
	ROM_LOAD( "snd9.1i",           0xe000, 0x2000, CRC(94e3858b) SHA1(04961f67b95798b530bd83355dec612389f22255) )

	ROM_REGION( 0x10000, "audio2", 0 ) /* 64k for second 6802 */
	ROM_LOAD( "snd8.1h",           0xa000, 0x1000, CRC(aad76193) SHA1(e08fc184efced392ee902c4cc9daaaf3310cdfe2) )
	ROM_CONTINUE(             0xe000, 0x1000 )
	ROM_LOAD( "snd7.1g",           0xb000, 0x1000, CRC(1e8ffe3e) SHA1(858ee7abe88d5801237e519cae2b50ae4bf33a58) )
	ROM_CONTINUE(             0xf000, 0x1000 )

	ROM_REGION( 0x6000, "gfx1", 0 )
	ROM_LOAD( "bg1.2d",           0x0000, 0x2000, CRC(82ab4d1a) SHA1(5aaf42a508df236f2e7c844d377132d73053907b) )
	ROM_LOAD( "bg2.1f",           0x2000, 0x2000, CRC(40d4e4d1) SHA1(79cbade30f1c9269e70ddb9c4332cfe1e8dc50a9) )
	ROM_LOAD( "bg3.1e",           0x4000, 0x2000, CRC(36980455) SHA1(4140b0cd4137c8f209124b12d9c0eb3b04f91991) )

	ROM_REGION( 0x0400, "proms", 0 )
	ROM_LOAD( "9g",  0x0000, 0x0200, CRC(fc9a0f21) SHA1(2a93d684645ee1b70315386127223151582ab370) )
	ROM_LOAD( "9f",  0x0200, 0x0200, CRC(93106704) SHA1(d3b8281c87d253a2ed40ff400438e879ca40c2b7) )
ROM_END

ROM_START( jackrabt )
	ROM_REGION( 0x10000, "maincpu", 0 )
	ROM_LOAD( "cpu-01.1a",    0x0000, 0x1000, CRC(499efe97) SHA1(f0efc910a5343001b27637779e1d4de218d44a4e) )
	ROM_CONTINUE(             0x8000, 0x1000 )
	ROM_LOAD( "cpu-01.2l",    0x1000, 0x1000, CRC(4772e557) SHA1(71c1eb49c978799294e732e65a77eba330d8da9b) )
	ROM_LOAD( "cpu-01.3l",    0x2000, 0x1000, CRC(1e844228) SHA1(0525fe95a0f90c50b54c0bf618eb083ccf20e6c4) )
	ROM_LOAD( "cpu-01.4l",    0x3000, 0x1000, CRC(ebffcc38) SHA1(abaf0e96d92f9c828a95446af6d5301053416f3d) )
	ROM_LOAD( "cpu-01.5l",    0x4000, 0x1000, CRC(275e0ed6) SHA1(c0789007a4de1aa848b7e5d26cf9fe847cc5d8a4) )
	ROM_LOAD( "cpu-01.6l",    0x5000, 0x1000, CRC(8a20977a) SHA1(ba15f4c62f600372390e56c2067b4a8ab1f2dba9) )
	ROM_LOAD( "cpu-01.2h",    0x9000, 0x1000, CRC(21f2be2a) SHA1(7d10489ca7325eebfa309ae4ffd4962a4310c403) )
	ROM_LOAD( "cpu-01.3h",    0xa000, 0x1000, CRC(59077027) SHA1(d6c2e68b4b2f1dce8a2141ec259812e732c1c69c) )
	ROM_LOAD( "cpu-01.4h",    0xb000, 0x1000, CRC(0b9db007) SHA1(836f8cacf2a097fd80d5c045bdc49b3a3174b89e) )
	ROM_LOAD( "cpu-01.5h",    0xc000, 0x1000, CRC(785e1a01) SHA1(a748d300be9455cad4f912e01c2279bb8465edfe) )
	ROM_LOAD( "cpu-01.6h",    0xd000, 0x1000, CRC(dd5979cf) SHA1(e9afe7002b2258a1c3132bdd951c6e20d473fb6a) )

	ROM_REGION( 0x10000, "audiocpu", 0 ) /* 64k for first 6802 */
	ROM_LOAD( "13snd.2g",     0xa000, 0x2000, CRC(fc05654e) SHA1(ed9c66672fe89c41e320e1d27b53f5efa92dce9c) )
	ROM_LOAD( "9snd.1i",      0xe000, 0x2000, CRC(3dab977f) SHA1(3e79c06d2e70b050f01b7ac58be5127ba87904b0) )

	ROM_REGION( 0x10000, "audio2", 0 ) /* 64k for second 6802 */
	ROM_LOAD( "8snd.1h",      0xa000, 0x1000, CRC(f4507111) SHA1(0513f0831b94aeda84aa4f3b4a7c60dfc5113b2d) )
	ROM_CONTINUE(             0xe000, 0x1000 )
	ROM_LOAD( "7snd.1g",      0xb000, 0x1000, CRC(c722eff8) SHA1(d8d1c091ab80ea2d6616e4dc030adc9905c0a496) )
	ROM_CONTINUE(             0xf000, 0x1000 )

	ROM_REGION( 0x6000, "gfx1", 0 )
	ROM_LOAD( "1bg.2d",       0x0000, 0x2000, CRC(9f880ef5) SHA1(0ee20fb7c794f6dafdaf2c9ee8456221c9d668c5) )
	ROM_LOAD( "2bg.1f",       0x2000, 0x2000, CRC(afc04cd7) SHA1(f4349e86b9caee71c9bf9faf68b86603417d9a2b) )
	ROM_LOAD( "3bg.1e",       0x4000, 0x2000, CRC(14f23cdd) SHA1(e5f3dac52288c56f2fd2940b397bb6c896131a26) )

	ROM_REGION( 0x0400, "proms", 0 )
	ROM_LOAD( "jr-ic9g",      0x0000, 0x0200, CRC(85577107) SHA1(76575fa68b66130b18dfe7374d1a03740963cc73) )
	ROM_LOAD( "jr-ic9f",      0x0200, 0x0200, CRC(085914d1) SHA1(3d6f9318f5a9f08ce89e4184e3efb9881f671fa7) )

	ROM_REGION( 0x0400, "plds", 0 )
	ROM_LOAD( "jr-pal16l8.6j",   0x0000, 0x0104, NO_DUMP ) /* PAL is read protected */
	ROM_LOAD( "jr-pal16l8.6k",   0x0200, 0x0104, NO_DUMP ) /* PAL is read protected */
ROM_END

ROM_START( jackrabt2 )
	ROM_REGION( 0x10000, "maincpu", 0 )
	ROM_LOAD( "1cpu2.1a",     0x0000, 0x1000, CRC(f9374113) SHA1(521f293f1894bcaf21e44bc7841a20ae29232da3) )
	ROM_CONTINUE(             0x8000, 0x1000 )
	ROM_LOAD( "2cpu2.1b",     0x1000, 0x1000, CRC(0a0eea4a) SHA1(4dfd9b2511d480bb5cc918f7d91013205911d377) )
	ROM_CONTINUE(             0x9000, 0x1000 )
	ROM_LOAD( "3cpu2.1c",     0x2000, 0x1000, CRC(291f5772) SHA1(958c2601d43de3c95ed5e3d79737199703263a6a) )
	ROM_CONTINUE(             0xa000, 0x1000 )
	ROM_LOAD( "4cpu2.1d",     0x3000, 0x1000, CRC(10972cfb) SHA1(30dd473b3416ee37f887d930ba0017b5b694398e) )
	ROM_CONTINUE(             0xb000, 0x1000 )
	ROM_LOAD( "5cpu2.2a",     0x4000, 0x1000, CRC(aa95d06d) SHA1(2216effe6cacd02a5320e71a85842087dda5f85a) )
	ROM_CONTINUE(             0xc000, 0x1000 )
	ROM_LOAD( "6cpu2.2c",     0x5000, 0x1000, CRC(404496eb) SHA1(44381e27e540fe9d8cacab4c3b1fe9a4f20d26a8) )
	ROM_CONTINUE(             0xd000, 0x1000 )

	ROM_REGION( 0x10000, "audiocpu", 0 ) /* 64k for first 6802 */
	ROM_LOAD( "13snd.2g",     0xa000, 0x2000, CRC(fc05654e) SHA1(ed9c66672fe89c41e320e1d27b53f5efa92dce9c) )
	ROM_LOAD( "9snd.1i",      0xe000, 0x2000, CRC(3dab977f) SHA1(3e79c06d2e70b050f01b7ac58be5127ba87904b0) )

	ROM_REGION( 0x10000, "audio2", 0 ) /* 64k for second 6802 */
	ROM_LOAD( "8snd.1h",      0xa000, 0x1000, CRC(f4507111) SHA1(0513f0831b94aeda84aa4f3b4a7c60dfc5113b2d) )
	ROM_CONTINUE(             0xe000, 0x1000 )
	ROM_LOAD( "7snd.1g",      0xb000, 0x1000, CRC(c722eff8) SHA1(d8d1c091ab80ea2d6616e4dc030adc9905c0a496) )
	ROM_CONTINUE(             0xf000, 0x1000 )

	ROM_REGION( 0x6000, "gfx1", 0 )
	ROM_LOAD( "1bg.2d",       0x0000, 0x2000, CRC(9f880ef5) SHA1(0ee20fb7c794f6dafdaf2c9ee8456221c9d668c5) )
	ROM_LOAD( "2bg.1f",       0x2000, 0x2000, CRC(afc04cd7) SHA1(f4349e86b9caee71c9bf9faf68b86603417d9a2b) )
	ROM_LOAD( "3bg.1e",       0x4000, 0x2000, CRC(14f23cdd) SHA1(e5f3dac52288c56f2fd2940b397bb6c896131a26) )

	ROM_REGION( 0x0400, "proms", 0 )
	ROM_LOAD( "jr-ic9g",      0x0000, 0x0200, CRC(85577107) SHA1(76575fa68b66130b18dfe7374d1a03740963cc73) )
	ROM_LOAD( "jr-ic9f",      0x0200, 0x0200, CRC(085914d1) SHA1(3d6f9318f5a9f08ce89e4184e3efb9881f671fa7) )
ROM_END

ROM_START( jackrabts )
	ROM_REGION( 0x10000, "maincpu", 0 )
	ROM_LOAD( "1cpu.1a",      0x0000, 0x1000, CRC(6698dc65) SHA1(33e3518846e88dc34f4b6c4e9ca9f8999c0460c8) )
	ROM_CONTINUE(             0x8000, 0x1000 )
	ROM_LOAD( "2cpu.1b",      0x1000, 0x1000, CRC(42b32929) SHA1(5b400d434ce903c74f58780a422a8c2594af90be) )
	ROM_CONTINUE(             0x9000, 0x1000 )
	ROM_LOAD( "3cpu.1c",      0x2000, 0x1000, CRC(89b50c9a) SHA1(5ab56247de013b5196c1c5765ead4361a5df53e0) )
	ROM_CONTINUE(             0xa000, 0x1000 )
	ROM_LOAD( "4cpu.1d",      0x3000, 0x1000, CRC(d5520665) SHA1(69b34d87d50e6d6e8d365ba0479405380ba3cf11) )
	ROM_CONTINUE(             0xb000, 0x1000 )
	ROM_LOAD( "5cpu.2a",      0x4000, 0x1000, CRC(0f9a093c) SHA1(7fba0d2b8d5d4d1597decec96ed93b997c721d99) )
	ROM_CONTINUE(             0xc000, 0x1000 )
	ROM_LOAD( "6cpu.2c",      0x5000, 0x1000, CRC(f53d6356) SHA1(9b167edca59cf81a2468368a372bab132f15e2ea) )
	ROM_CONTINUE(             0xd000, 0x1000 )

	ROM_REGION( 0x10000, "audiocpu", 0 ) /* 64k for first 6802 */
	ROM_LOAD( "13snd.2g",     0xa000, 0x2000, CRC(fc05654e) SHA1(ed9c66672fe89c41e320e1d27b53f5efa92dce9c) )
	ROM_LOAD( "9snd.1i",      0xe000, 0x2000, CRC(3dab977f) SHA1(3e79c06d2e70b050f01b7ac58be5127ba87904b0) )

	ROM_REGION( 0x10000, "audio2", 0 ) /* 64k for second 6802 */
	ROM_LOAD( "8snd.1h",      0xa000, 0x1000, CRC(f4507111) SHA1(0513f0831b94aeda84aa4f3b4a7c60dfc5113b2d) )
	ROM_CONTINUE(             0xe000, 0x1000 )
	ROM_LOAD( "7snd.1g",      0xb000, 0x1000, CRC(c722eff8) SHA1(d8d1c091ab80ea2d6616e4dc030adc9905c0a496) )
	ROM_CONTINUE(             0xf000, 0x1000 )

	ROM_REGION( 0x6000, "gfx1", 0 )
	ROM_LOAD( "1bg.2d",       0x0000, 0x2000, CRC(9f880ef5) SHA1(0ee20fb7c794f6dafdaf2c9ee8456221c9d668c5) )
	ROM_LOAD( "2bg.1f",       0x2000, 0x2000, CRC(afc04cd7) SHA1(f4349e86b9caee71c9bf9faf68b86603417d9a2b) )
	ROM_LOAD( "3bg.1e",       0x4000, 0x2000, CRC(14f23cdd) SHA1(e5f3dac52288c56f2fd2940b397bb6c896131a26) )

	ROM_REGION( 0x0400, "proms", 0 )
	ROM_LOAD( "jr-ic9g",      0x0000, 0x0200, CRC(85577107) SHA1(76575fa68b66130b18dfe7374d1a03740963cc73) )
	ROM_LOAD( "jr-ic9f",      0x0200, 0x0200, CRC(085914d1) SHA1(3d6f9318f5a9f08ce89e4184e3efb9881f671fa7) )
ROM_END



GAME( 1983, monymony,  0,        zaccaria, monymony, 0, ROT90, "Zaccaria", "Money Money", GAME_IMPERFECT_SOUND )
GAME( 1984, jackrabt,  0,        zaccaria, jackrabt, 0, ROT90, "Zaccaria", "Jack Rabbit (set 1)", GAME_IMPERFECT_SOUND )
GAME( 1984, jackrabt2, jackrabt, zaccaria, jackrabt, 0, ROT90, "Zaccaria", "Jack Rabbit (set 2)", GAME_IMPERFECT_SOUND )
GAME( 1984, jackrabts, jackrabt, zaccaria, jackrabt, 0, ROT90, "Zaccaria", "Jack Rabbit (special)", GAME_IMPERFECT_SOUND )