summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstatshomepage
path: root/src/mame/audio/galaxian.cpp
blob: 5f97ad9a8394d7133903e112efa7c5fd6124c2d5 (plain) (blame)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
// license:BSD-3-Clause
// copyright-holders:Couriersud
/***************************************************************************

    Galaxian-derived sound hardware

****************************************************************************

Notes:
-----

- There is currently no way to exactly reproduce the CD4066 switch control
  mixing. This is changing impedance of the input resistor for e.g.
  following filters to >> 10M Ohm. These resistors are static values in
  the discrete core.


TODO:
----

- Check more schematics for differences.

***************************************************************************/

#include "emu.h"
#include "audio/galaxian.h"
#include "includes/galaxian.h"
#include "speaker.h"

/*************************************
 *
 *  Defines
 *
 *************************************/

#define SOUND_CLOCK             (GALAXIAN_MASTER_CLOCK/6/2)          /* 1.536 MHz */
#define RNG_RATE                (GALAXIAN_MASTER_CLOCK/3*2)          /* RNG clock is XTAL/3*2 see Aaron's note in video/galaxian.c */

/* 74LS259 */
#define GAL_INP_BG_DAC          NODE_10     /* at 9M Q4 to Q7 in schematics */

#define GAL_INP_FS1             NODE_20     /* FS1 9L Q0 */
#define GAL_INP_FS2             NODE_21     /* FS2 9L Q1 */
#define GAL_INP_FS3             NODE_22     /* FS3 9L Q2 */
#define GAL_INP_HIT             NODE_23     /* HIT 9L Q3 */
//#define GAL_9L_Q4             NODE_24
#define GAL_INP_FIRE            NODE_25     /* FIRE 9L Q5 */
#define GAL_INP_VOL1            NODE_26     /* VOL1 9L Q6 */
#define GAL_INP_VOL2            NODE_27     /* VOL2 9L Q7 */

#define GAL_INP_PITCH           NODE_28     /* at 6T in schematics */

#define TTL_OUT                 (4.0)

#define GAL_R15                 RES_K(100)
#define GAL_R16                 RES_K(220)
#define GAL_R17                 RES_K(470)
#define GAL_R18                 RES_K(1000)
#define GAL_R19                 RES_K(330)

#define GAL_R20                 RES_K(15)
#define GAL_R21                 RES_K(100)
#define GAL_R22                 RES_K(100)
#define GAL_R23                 RES_K(470)
#define GAL_R24                 RES_K(10)
#define GAL_R25                 RES_K(100)
#define GAL_R26                 RES_K(330)
#define GAL_R27                 RES_K(10)
#define GAL_R28                 RES_K(100)
#define GAL_R29                 RES_K(220)

#define GAL_R30                 RES_K(10)
#define GAL_R31                 RES_K(47)
#define GAL_R32                 RES_K(47)
#define GAL_R33                 RES_K(10)
/*
 * R34 is given twice on galaxian board and both times as 5.1k. On moon cresta
 * it is only listed once and given as 15k. This is more in line with recordings
 */
#define GAL_R34                 RES_K(5.1)
#define MCRST_R34               RES_K(15)

#define GAL_R35                 RES_K(150)
#define GAL_R36                 RES_K(22)
#define GAL_R37                 RES_K(470)
#define GAL_R38                 RES_K(33)
#define GAL_R39                 RES_K(22)

/* The hit sound is too low compared with recordings
 * There may be an issue with the op-amp band filter
 */
#define GAL_R40                 (RES_K(2.2)*0.6)    /* Volume adjust */
#define GAL_R41                 RES_K(100)
#define GAL_R43                 RES_K(2.2)
#define GAL_R44                 RES_K(10)
#define GAL_R45                 RES_K(22)
#define GAL_R46                 RES_K(10)
#define GAL_R47                 RES_K(2.2)
#define GAL_R48                 RES_K(2.2)
#define GAL_R49                 RES_K(10)

#define GAL_R50                 RES_K(22)
#define GAL_R51                 RES_K(33)
#define GAL_R52                 RES_K(15)

#define GAL_R91                 RES_K(10)

#define GAL_C15                 CAP_U(1)
#define GAL_C17                 CAP_U(0.01)
#define GAL_C18                 CAP_U(0.01)
#define GAL_C19                 CAP_U(0.01)

#define GAL_C20                 CAP_U(0.1)
#define GAL_C21                 CAP_U(2.2)
#define GAL_C22                 CAP_U(0.01)
#define GAL_C23                 CAP_U(0.01)
#define GAL_C25                 CAP_U(1)
#define GAL_C26                 CAP_U(0.01)
#define GAL_C27                 CAP_U(0.01)
#define GAL_C28                 CAP_U(47)

#define GAL_C46                 CAP_U(0.1)


/*************************************
 *
 *  Structures for discrete core
 *
 *************************************/


static const discrete_dac_r1_ladder galaxian_bck_dac =
{
	4,          // size of ladder
	{GAL_R18, GAL_R17, GAL_R16, GAL_R15, 0,0,0,0},
	4.4,        // 5V - diode junction (0.6V)
	GAL_R20,    // rBIAS
	GAL_R19,    // rGnd
	0           // no C
};

static const discrete_555_cc_desc galaxian_bck_vco =
{
	DISC_555_OUT_DC | DISC_555_OUT_CAP,
	5,      // B+ voltage of 555
	DEFAULT_555_VALUES,
	0.7     // Q2 junction voltage
};

static const discrete_555_desc galaxian_555_vco_desc =
{
	DISC_555_OUT_ENERGY | DISC_555_OUT_DC,
	5.0,
	DEFAULT_555_CHARGE,
	(5.0 - 0.5)         // 10k means no real load
};

static const discrete_555_desc galaxian_555_fire_vco_desc =
{
	DISC_555_OUT_DC,
	5.0,
	DEFAULT_555_CHARGE,
	1.0 // Logic output
};

static const discrete_mixer_desc galaxian_bck_mixer_desc =
{
	DISC_MIXER_IS_RESISTOR,
	{GAL_R24, GAL_R27, GAL_R30},
	{0,0,0},
	{0,0,0,0},  /* no node capacitors */
	0, 0,
	GAL_C20,
	0,
	0, 1
};

static const discrete_lfsr_desc galaxian_lfsr =
{
	DISC_CLK_IS_FREQ,
	17,                     /* Bit Length */
	0,                      /* Reset Value */
	4,                      /* Use Bit 10 (QC of second LS164) as F0 input 0 */
	16,                     /* Use Bit 23 (QH of third LS164) as F0 input 1 */
	DISC_LFSR_XOR_INV_IN1,  /* F0 is XOR */
	DISC_LFSR_IN0,          /* F1 is inverted F0*/
	DISC_LFSR_REPLACE,      /* F2 replaces the shifted register contents */
	0x000001,               /* Everything is shifted into the first bit only */
	DISC_LFSR_FLAG_OUTPUT_F0, /* Output is result of F0 */
	0                       /* Output bit */
};

static const discrete_mixer_desc galaxian_mixerpre_desc =
{
	DISC_MIXER_IS_RESISTOR,
	{GAL_R51, 0, GAL_R50, 0, GAL_R34},      /* A, C, C, D */
	{0, GAL_INP_VOL1, 0, GAL_INP_VOL2, 0},
	{0,0,0,0,0},
	0, 0,
	0,
	0,
	0, 1
};

static const discrete_mixer_desc galaxian_mixer_desc =
{
	DISC_MIXER_IS_RESISTOR,
	{GAL_R34, GAL_R40, GAL_R43},        /* A, C, C, D */
	{0, 0, 0},
	{0,0,GAL_C26},
	0, GAL_R91,
	0,
	GAL_C46,
	0, 1
};

/* moon cresta has different mixing */

static const discrete_mixer_desc mooncrst_mixer_desc =
{
	DISC_MIXER_IS_RESISTOR,
	{GAL_R51, 0, GAL_R50, 0, MCRST_R34, GAL_R40, GAL_R43},      /* A, C, C, D */
	{0, GAL_INP_VOL1, 0, GAL_INP_VOL2, 0, 0, 0},
	{0,0,0,0,0,0,GAL_C26},
	0, 0*GAL_R91,
	0,
	GAL_C46,
	0, 1
};

static const discrete_op_amp_filt_info galaxian_bandpass_desc =
{
	GAL_R35, GAL_R36, 0, 0,
	GAL_R37,
	GAL_C22, GAL_C23, 0,
	5.0*GAL_R39/(GAL_R38+GAL_R39),
	5, 0
};

/*************************************
 *
 *  Discrete Sound Blocks
 *
 *************************************/


static DISCRETE_SOUND_START(galaxian_discrete)

	/************************************************/
	/* Input register mapping for galaxian          */
	/************************************************/
	DISCRETE_INPUT_DATA(GAL_INP_BG_DAC)

	/* FS1 to FS3 */
	DISCRETE_INPUT_LOGIC(GAL_INP_FS1)
	DISCRETE_INPUT_LOGIC(GAL_INP_FS2)
	DISCRETE_INPUT_LOGIC(GAL_INP_FS3)

	/* HIT */
	DISCRETE_INPUTX_DATA(GAL_INP_HIT, TTL_OUT, 0, 0)

	/* FIRE */
	DISCRETE_INPUT_LOGIC(GAL_INP_FIRE)

	/* Turns on / off resistors in mixer */
	DISCRETE_INPUTX_DATA(GAL_INP_VOL1, GAL_R49, 0, 0)
	DISCRETE_INPUTX_DATA(GAL_INP_VOL2, GAL_R52, 0, 0)

	/* Pitch */
	DISCRETE_INPUT_DATA(GAL_INP_PITCH)

	DISCRETE_TASK_START(0)

		/************************************************/
		/* NOISE                                        */
		/************************************************/

		/* since only a sample of the LFSR is latched @V2 we let the lfsr
		 * run at a lower speed
		 */
		DISCRETE_LFSR_NOISE(NODE_150, 1, 1, RNG_RATE.dvalue()/100, 1.0, 0, 0.5, &galaxian_lfsr)
		DISCRETE_SQUAREWFIX(NODE_151,1,60*264/2,1.0,50,0.5,0)  /* 2V signal */
		DISCRETE_LOGIC_DFLIPFLOP(NODE_152,1,1,NODE_151,NODE_150)
	DISCRETE_TASK_END()

	/* Group Background and pitch */
	DISCRETE_TASK_START(1)

		/************************************************/
		/* Background                                   */
		/************************************************/

		DISCRETE_DAC_R1(NODE_100, GAL_INP_BG_DAC, TTL_OUT, &galaxian_bck_dac)
		DISCRETE_555_CC(NODE_105, 1, NODE_100, GAL_R21, GAL_C15, 0, 0, 0, &galaxian_bck_vco)
		// Next is mult/add opamp circuit
		DISCRETE_MULTADD(NODE_110, NODE_105, GAL_R33/RES_3_PARALLEL(GAL_R31,GAL_R32,GAL_R33),
				-5.0*GAL_R33/GAL_R31)
		DISCRETE_CLAMP(NODE_111,NODE_110,0.0,5.0)
		// The three 555
		DISCRETE_555_ASTABLE_CV(NODE_115, GAL_INP_FS1, GAL_R22, GAL_R23, GAL_C17, NODE_111, &galaxian_555_vco_desc)
		DISCRETE_555_ASTABLE_CV(NODE_116, GAL_INP_FS2, GAL_R25, GAL_R26, GAL_C18, NODE_111, &galaxian_555_vco_desc)
		DISCRETE_555_ASTABLE_CV(NODE_117, GAL_INP_FS3, GAL_R28, GAL_R29, GAL_C19, NODE_111, &galaxian_555_vco_desc)

		DISCRETE_MIXER3(NODE_120, 1, NODE_115, NODE_116, NODE_117, &galaxian_bck_mixer_desc)

		/************************************************/
		/* PITCH                                        */
		/************************************************/

		/* two cascaded LS164 which are reset to pitch latch value,
		 * thus generating SOUND_CLOCK / (256 - pitch_clock) signal
		 *
		 * One possibility to implement this is
		 * DISCRETE_TRANSFORM3(NODE_130, SOUND_CLOCK, 256, GAL_INP_PITCH, "012-/")
		 * DISCRETE_COUNTER(NODE_132, 1, 0, NODE_130, 0, 15, DISC_COUNT_UP, 0, DISC_CLK_IS_FREQ)
		 * but there is a native choice:
		 */
		DISCRETE_NOTE(NODE_132, 1, SOUND_CLOCK.dvalue(), GAL_INP_PITCH, 255, 15,  DISC_CLK_IS_FREQ)

		/* from the 74393 (counter 2 above) only QA, QC, QD are used.
		 * We decode three here and use SUB_NODE(133,x) below to access.
		 */
		DISCRETE_BITS_DECODE(NODE_133, NODE_132, 0, 3, TTL_OUT)     /* QA-QD 74393 */

	/* End of this task */
	DISCRETE_TASK_END()

	DISCRETE_TASK_START(1)

		/************************************************/
		/* HIT                                          */
		/************************************************/

		/* Not 100% correct - switching causes high impedance input for node_157
		 * this is not emulated */
		DISCRETE_RCDISC5(NODE_155, NODE_152, GAL_INP_HIT, (GAL_R35 + GAL_R36), GAL_C21)
		DISCRETE_OP_AMP_FILTER(NODE_157, 1, NODE_155, 0, DISC_OP_AMP_FILTER_IS_BAND_PASS_1M, &galaxian_bandpass_desc)
	DISCRETE_TASK_END()

	DISCRETE_TASK_START(1)
		/************************************************/
		/* FIRE                                         */
		/************************************************/

		DISCRETE_LOGIC_INVERT(NODE_170, GAL_INP_FIRE)
		DISCRETE_MULTIPLY(NODE_171, TTL_OUT, GAL_INP_FIRE)
		DISCRETE_MULTIPLY(NODE_172, TTL_OUT, NODE_170) // inverted
		DISCRETE_RCFILTER(NODE_173, NODE_172, GAL_R47, GAL_C28)
		/* Mix noise and 163 */
		DISCRETE_TRANSFORM5(NODE_177, NODE_152, TTL_OUT, 1.0/GAL_R46, NODE_173, 1.0/GAL_R48,
				"01*2*34*+" )
		//DISCRETE_MULTIPLY(NODE_174, 1, TTL_OUT, NODE_152)
		//DISCRETE_MULTIPLY(NODE_175, 1, 1.0/GAL_R46, NODE_174)
		//DISCRETE_MULTIPLY(NODE_176, 1, 1.0/GAL_R48, NODE_173)
		//DISCRETE_ADDER2(NODE_177, 1, NODE_175, NODE_176)
		DISCRETE_MULTIPLY(NODE_178, RES_2_PARALLEL(GAL_R46, GAL_R48), NODE_177)

		DISCRETE_555_ASTABLE_CV(NODE_181, 1, GAL_R44, GAL_R45, GAL_C27, NODE_178, &galaxian_555_fire_vco_desc)

		/* 555 toggles discharge on rc discharge module */
		DISCRETE_RCDISC5(NODE_182, NODE_181, NODE_171, (GAL_R41), GAL_C25)

	/* End of task */
	DISCRETE_TASK_END()

	/************************************************/
	/* FINAL MIX                                    */
	/************************************************/

	DISCRETE_TASK_START(2)
		DISCRETE_MIXER5(NODE_279, 1, NODE_133_00, NODE_133_02, NODE_133_02, NODE_133_03, NODE_120, &galaxian_mixerpre_desc)
		DISCRETE_MIXER3(NODE_280, 1, NODE_279, NODE_157, NODE_182, &galaxian_mixer_desc)
		DISCRETE_OUTPUT(NODE_280, 32767.0/5.0*5)
	DISCRETE_TASK_END()

DISCRETE_SOUND_END


static DISCRETE_SOUND_START(mooncrst_discrete)
	DISCRETE_IMPORT(galaxian_discrete)

	/************************************************/
	/* Moon Cresta mixing stage                     */
	/************************************************/
	DISCRETE_DELETE(NODE_279, NODE_279)
	DISCRETE_REPLACE
	DISCRETE_MIXER7(NODE_280, 1, NODE_133_00, NODE_133_02, NODE_133_02,NODE_133_03, NODE_120, NODE_157, NODE_182, &mooncrst_mixer_desc)
DISCRETE_SOUND_END

DEFINE_DEVICE_TYPE(GALAXIAN_SOUND, galaxian_sound_device, "galaxian_sound", "Galaxian Custom Sound")
DEFINE_DEVICE_TYPE(MOONCRST_SOUND, mooncrst_sound_device, "mooncrst_sound", "Mooncrst Custom Sound")

galaxian_sound_device::galaxian_sound_device(const machine_config &mconfig, const char *tag, device_t *owner, uint32_t clock)
	: galaxian_sound_device(mconfig, GALAXIAN_SOUND, tag, owner, clock)
{
}

galaxian_sound_device::galaxian_sound_device(const machine_config &mconfig, device_type type, const char *tag, device_t *owner, uint32_t clock)
	: device_t(mconfig, type, tag, owner, clock)
	, m_discrete(*this, "discrete")
	, m_lfo_val(0)
{
}

//-------------------------------------------------
//  device_start - device-specific startup
//-------------------------------------------------

void galaxian_sound_device::device_start()
{
	m_lfo_val = 0;

	save_item(NAME(m_lfo_val));
}

//-------------------------------------------------
//  machine_add_config - add device configuration
//-------------------------------------------------

void galaxian_sound_device::device_add_mconfig(machine_config &config)
{
	// sound hardware
	DISCRETE(config, m_discrete).add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, ":speaker", 1.0);
	m_discrete->set_intf(galaxian_discrete);
}

/*************************************
 *
 *  Write handlers
 *
 *************************************/

/* IC 9J */
void galaxian_sound_device::pitch_w(uint8_t data)
{
	m_discrete->write(GAL_INP_PITCH, data );
}

void galaxian_sound_device::lfo_freq_w(offs_t offset, uint8_t data)
{
	uint8_t lfo_val_new = (m_lfo_val & ~(1<<offset)) | ((data & 0x01) << offset);

	if (m_lfo_val != lfo_val_new)
	{
		m_lfo_val = lfo_val_new;
		m_discrete->write(GAL_INP_BG_DAC, m_lfo_val);
	}
}

void galaxian_sound_device::background_enable_w(offs_t offset, uint8_t data)
{
	m_discrete->write(NODE_RELATIVE(GAL_INP_FS1, offset), data & 0x01);
}

void galaxian_sound_device::noise_enable_w(uint8_t data)
{
	m_discrete->write(GAL_INP_HIT, data & 0x01);
}

void galaxian_sound_device::vol_w(offs_t offset, uint8_t data)
{
	m_discrete->write(NODE_RELATIVE(GAL_INP_VOL1,offset), data & 0x01);
}

void galaxian_sound_device::fire_enable_w(uint8_t data)
{
	m_discrete->write(GAL_INP_FIRE, data & 0x01);
}

/* FIXME: May be replaced by one call! */
void galaxian_sound_device::sound_w(offs_t offset, uint8_t data)
{
	data &= 0x01;
	switch (offset & 7)
	{
		case 0:     /* FS1 (controls 555 timer at 8R) */
		case 1:     /* FS2 (controls 555 timer at 8S) */
		case 2:     /* FS3 (controls 555 timer at 8T) */
			background_enable_w(offset, data);
			break;

		case 3:     /* HIT */
			noise_enable_w(data);
			break;

		case 4:     /* n/c */
			break;

		case 5:     /* FIRE */
			fire_enable_w(data);
			break;

		case 6:     /* VOL1 */
		case 7:     /* VOL2 */
			vol_w(offset & 1, data);
			break;
	}
}

mooncrst_sound_device::mooncrst_sound_device(const machine_config &mconfig, const char *tag, device_t *owner, uint32_t clock)
	: galaxian_sound_device(mconfig, MOONCRST_SOUND, tag, owner, clock)
{
}

void mooncrst_sound_device::device_add_mconfig(machine_config &config)
{
	galaxian_sound_device::device_add_mconfig(config);
	m_discrete->set_intf(mooncrst_discrete);
}