1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
|
// license:BSD-3-Clause
// copyright-holders:F. Ulivi
/*********************************************************************
hp_taco.cpp
HP TApe COntroller (5006-3012)
*********************************************************************/
// This device has been reverse engineered entirely through documents & study of HP software.
// I had no access to the real device to experiment.
// Available documentation on the internal working of TACO chip is close to nothing. The best
// I could find is [1] (see below) where all that's described is a (too) brief summary of registers and little else.
// In other words, no description of the commands that can be issued to TACO chips.
// So, my main source of information was the careful study of HP software, especially the 9845 system test ROM (09845-66520).
// The second half of this ROM holds a comprehensive set of tape drive tests.
// The main shortcomings of my approach are:
// * I could indentify only those TACO commands that are actually used by the software. I managed
// to identify 17 out of 32 possible commands. The purpose of the rest of commands is anyone's guess.
// * I could only guess the behavior of TACO chips in corner cases (especially behavior in various error/abnormal
// conditions)
//
// Documentation I used:
// [1] HP, manual 64940-90905, may 80 rev. - Model 64940A tape control & drive service manual
// [2] US patent 4,075,679 describing HP9825 system (this system had a discrete implementation of tape controller). The
// firmware listing was quite useful in identifying sequences of commands (for example how to find a specific sector etc.).
// [3] http://www.hp9845.net site
// [4] April 1978 issue of HP Journal. There is a one-page summary of TACO chip on page 20.
// This is an overview of the TACO/CPU interface.
//
// Reg. | R/W | Content
// =====================
// R4 | R/W | Data register: words read/written to/from tape pass through this register
// R5 | R/W | Command and status register (see below)
// R6 | R/W | Tachometer register. Writing it sets a pulse counter that counts up on either tachometer pulses or IRGs, depending
// | | on command. When the counter rolls over from 0xffff to 0 it typically ends the command. It's not clear to me
// | | what value could be read from this register, if it's just the same value that was written last time or the internal
// | | counter or something else entirely.
// R7 | R | Checksum register. Reading it clears it.
// R7 | W | Timing register. It controls somehow the encoding and decoding of bits. For now I completely ignore it because its
// | | content it's totally unknown to me. It seems safe to do so, anyway. I can see that it's always set to 0x661d before
// | | writing to tape and to 0x0635 before reading.
//
// Format of TACO command/status register (R5)
// Bit R/W Content
// ===============
// 15 RW Tape direction (1 = forward)
// 14..10 RW Command (see the "enum" below)
// 9 RW ? Drive ON according to [1], the actual use seems to be selection of gap length
// 8 RW ? Size of gaps according to [1], N/U in my opinion
// 7 RW Speed of tape (1 = 90 ips, 0 = 22 ips)
// 6 RW Option bit for various commands
// 5 R Current track (1 = B)
// 4 R Gap detected (1)
// 3 R Write protection (1)
// 2 R Servo failure (1)
// 1 R Cartridge out (1)
// 0 R Hole detected (1)
// Here's a summary of the on-tape format of HP9845 systems.
// * A tape has two independent tracks (A & B).
// * Each track holds 426 sectors.
// * Each sector has an header and 256 bytes of payload (see below)
// * Sectors are separated by gaps of uniform magnetization called IRGs (Inter-Record Gaps)
// * The basic unit of data I/O are 16-bit words
// * Bits are encoded by different distances between magnetic flux reversals
// * The structure of tracks is:
// - Begin of tape holes
// - The deadzone: 350x 0xffff words
// - 1" of IRG
// - Sector #0 (track A) or #426 (track B)
// - 1" of IRG (2.5" on track A)
// - Sector #1 (track A) or #427 (track B)
// - 1" of IRG
// - Sector #2 (track A) or #428 (track B)
// - ...and so on up to sector #425/#851
// - 6" of final gap
// - Non-recorded tape
// - End of tape holes
// * Sector #0 is not used
// * Sectors #1 and #2 hold the first copy of tape directory
// * Sectors #3 and #4 hold the second/backup copy of tape directory
// * User data are stored starting from sector #5
// * There is no "fragmentation" map (like file allocation table in FAT filesystem): a file
// spanning more than 1 sector always occupy a single block of contiguous sectors.
//
// A sector is structured like this:
// Word 0: Invisible preamble word (always 0). Preamble comes from 9825, don't know if it's
// actually there in TACO encoding. I assumed it is.
// Word 1: Format/sector in use and other unidentified bits.
// Word 2: Sector number
// Word 3: Sector length and other bits
// Word 4: Checksum (sum of words 1..3)
// Words 5..132: Payload
// Word 133: Checksum (sum of words 5..132)
//
// Physical encoding of words is borrowed from 9825 as I wasn't able
// to gather any info on the actual encoding of TACO chips.
// This is how 9825 encodes words on tape:
// - the unit of encoding are 16-bit words
// - each word is encoded from MSB to LSB
// - each word has an extra invisible "1" encoded at the end
// - tape is read/written at slow speed only (21.98 ips)
// - a 0 is encoded with a distance between flux reversals of 1/35200 s
// (giving a maximum density of about 1600 reversals per inch)
// - a 1 is encoded with a distance that's 1.75 times that of a 0
//
// This driver is based on the following model of the actual TACO/tape system:
// * Tape immediately reaches working speed (no spin-up time)
// * Inversion of tape direction and change of speed are immediate as well
// * Time & distance to stop the tape are modeled, though. Firmware is upset by
// a tape with null braking time/distance.
// * Speed of tape is exceptionally accurate. Real tape was controlled by a closed loop
// with something like 1% accuracy on speed.
// * Storage is modeled by one "map" data structure per track. Each map maps the tape position
// to the 16-bit word stored at that position. Gaps are modeled by lack of data in the map.
// There is no model of the physical encoding of bits (except to compute how long each word
// is on tape).
// * Read threshold is ignored. Real tapes could be read with either a low or high threshold.
// * "Flag" bit is used as a busy/ready signal in real TACO. Here I assumed the device is
// always ready, so Flag is always active.
// * I tried to fill the (many) gaps on chip behavior with "sensible" solutions. I could only
// validate my solutions by running the original firmware in MAME, though (no real hw at hand).
//
// TODOs/issues:
// * Some code cleanup
// * Handling of tape holes seems to be wrong: test "C" of test ROM only works partially
// * Find out what is read from register R6
// * Handle device_image_interface::call_display to show state of tape
// * Find more info on TACO chips (does anyone with a working 9845 or access to internal HP docs want to
// help me here, please?)
//
#include "emu.h"
#include "hp_taco.h"
// Debugging
#define VERBOSE 1
#define LOG(x) do { if (VERBOSE) logerror x; } while (0)
#define VERBOSE_0 0
#define LOG_0(x) do { if (VERBOSE_0) logerror x; } while (0)
// Macros to clear/set single bits
#define BIT_MASK(n) (1U << (n))
#define BIT_CLR(w , n) ((w) &= ~BIT_MASK(n))
#define BIT_SET(w , n) ((w) |= BIT_MASK(n))
// Timers
enum {
TAPE_TMR_ID,
HOLE_TMR_ID
};
// Constants
#define CMD_REG_MASK 0xffc0 // Command register mask
#define STATUS_REG_MASK 0x003f // Status register mask
#define TACH_TICKS_PER_INCH 968 // Tachometer pulses per inch of tape movement
#define TAPE_POS_FRACT 1024 // 10 bits of fractional part in tape_pos_t
#define ONE_INCH_POS (TACH_TICKS_PER_INCH * TAPE_POS_FRACT) // Value in tape_pos_t representing 1 inch of tape
#define TACH_FREQ_SLOW 21276 // Tachometer pulse frequency for slow speed (21.98 ips)
#define TACH_FREQ_FAST 87196 // Tachometer pulse frequency for fast speed (90.08 ips)
#define TAPE_LENGTH ((140 * 12 + 72 * 2) * ONE_INCH_POS) // Tape length: 140 ft of usable tape + 72" of punched tape at either end
#define TAPE_INIT_POS (80 * ONE_INCH_POS) // Initial tape position: 80" from beginning (just past the punched part)
#define ZERO_BIT_LEN 619 // Length of 0 bits at slow tape speed: 1/(35200 Hz)
#define ONE_BIT_LEN 1083 // Length of 1 bits at slow tape speed: 1.75 times ZERO_BIT_LEN
#define QUICK_CMD_USEC 25 // usec for "quick" command execution
#define FAST_BRAKE_MSEC 73 // Braking time from fast speed to stop (2 ips) in msec (deceleration is 1200 in/s^2)
#define SLOW_BRAKE_MSEC 17 // Braking time from slow speed to stop in msec
#define FAST_BRAKE_DIST 3350450 // Braking distance at fast speed (~3.38 in)
#define SLOW_BRAKE_DIST 197883 // Braking distance at slow speed (~0.2 in)
#define PREAMBLE_WORD 0 // Value of preamble word
#define END_GAP_LENGTH (6 * ONE_INCH_POS) // Length of final gap: 6"
#define MIN_IRG_LENGTH ((tape_pos_t)(0.2 * ONE_INCH_POS)) // Minimum length of IRGs: 0.2" (from 9825, not sure about value in TACO)
#define NULL_TAPE_POS ((tape_pos_t)-1) // Special value for invalid/unknown tape position
#define NO_DATA_GAP (17 * ONE_BIT_LEN) // Minimum gap size to detect end of data: length of longest word (0xffff)
#define FILE_MAGIC 0x4f434154 // Magic value at start of image file: "TACO"
// Parts of command register
#define CMD_CODE(reg) \
(((reg) >> 10) & 0x1f)
#define DIR_FWD(reg) \
(BIT(reg , 15))
#define SPEED_FAST(reg) \
(BIT(reg , 7))
#define CMD_OPT(reg) \
(BIT(reg , 6))
#define UNKNOWN_B9(reg) \
(BIT(reg , 9))
#define DIR_FWD_MASK BIT_MASK(15) // Direction = forward
#define SPEED_FAST_MASK BIT_MASK(7) // Speed = fast
// Commands
enum {
CMD_INDTA_INGAP, // 00: scan for data first then for gap
CMD_UNK_01, // 01: unknown
CMD_FINAL_GAP, // 02: write final gap
CMD_INIT_WRITE, // 03: write words for tape formatting
CMD_STOP, // 04: stop
CMD_UNK_05, // 05: unknown
CMD_SET_TRACK, // 06: set A/B track
CMD_UNK_07, // 07: unknown
CMD_UNK_08, // 08: unknown
CMD_UNK_09, // 09: unknown
CMD_MOVE, // 0a: move tape
CMD_UNK_0b, // 0b: unknown
CMD_INGAP_MOVE, // 0c: scan for gap then move a bit further (used to gain some margin when inverting tape movement)
CMD_UNK_0d, // 0d: unknown
CMD_CLEAR, // 0e: clear errors/unlatch status bits
CMD_UNK_0f, // 0f: unknown
CMD_NOT_INDTA, // 10: scan for end of data
CMD_UNK_11, // 11: unknown
CMD_UNK_12, // 12: unknown
CMD_UNK_13, // 13: unknown
CMD_UNK_14, // 14: unknown
CMD_UNK_15, // 15: unknown
CMD_WRITE_IRG, // 16: write inter-record gap
CMD_UNK_17, // 17: unknown
CMD_SCAN_RECORDS, // 18: scan records (count IRGs)
CMD_RECORD_WRITE, // 19: write record words
CMD_MOVE_INDTA, // 1a: move then scan for data
CMD_UNK_1b, // 1b: unknown (for now it seems harmless to handle it as NOP)
CMD_DELTA_MOVE_HOLE, // 1c: move tape a given distance, intr at end or first hole found (whichever comes first)
CMD_START_READ, // 1d: start record reading
CMD_DELTA_MOVE_IRG, // 1e: move tape a given distance, detect gaps in parallel
CMD_END_READ // 1f: stop reading
};
// Bits of status register
#define STATUS_HOLE_BIT 0 // Hole detected
#define STATUS_CART_OUT_BIT 1 // Cartridge out
#define STATUS_SFAIL_BIT 2 // Servo failure
#define STATUS_WPR_BIT 3 // Write protection
#define STATUS_GAP_BIT 4 // Gap detected
#define STATUS_TRACKB_BIT 5 // Track B selected
#define STATUS_CART_OUT_MASK BIT_MASK(STATUS_CART_OUT_BIT) // Cartridge out
#define STATUS_WPR_MASK BIT_MASK(STATUS_WPR_BIT) // Write protection
#define STATUS_ERR_MASK (STATUS_CART_OUT_MASK) // Mask of errors in status reg.
// *** Position of tape holes ***
// At beginning of tape:
// *START*
// |<-----24"----->|<---12"--->|<---12"--->|<-----24"----->|
// O O O O O O O
// |<->| |<->| |<->|
// 0.218" 0.218" 0.218"
// At end of tape:
// *END*
// |<-----24"----->|<---12"--->|<---12"--->|<-----24"----->|
// O O O O
//
static const hp_taco_device::tape_pos_t tape_holes[] = {
(hp_taco_device::tape_pos_t)(23.891 * ONE_INCH_POS), // 24 - 0.218 / 2
(hp_taco_device::tape_pos_t)(24.109 * ONE_INCH_POS), // 24 + 0.218 / 2
(hp_taco_device::tape_pos_t)(35.891 * ONE_INCH_POS), // 36 - 0.218 / 2
(hp_taco_device::tape_pos_t)(36.109 * ONE_INCH_POS), // 36 + 0.218 / 2
(hp_taco_device::tape_pos_t)(47.891 * ONE_INCH_POS), // 48 - 0.218 / 2
(hp_taco_device::tape_pos_t)(48.109 * ONE_INCH_POS), // 48 + 0.218 / 2
72 * ONE_INCH_POS, // 72
1752 * ONE_INCH_POS, // 1752
1776 * ONE_INCH_POS, // 1776
1788 * ONE_INCH_POS, // 1788
1800 * ONE_INCH_POS // 1800
};
// Device type definition
const device_type HP_TACO = &device_creator<hp_taco_device>;
// Constructors
hp_taco_device::hp_taco_device(const machine_config &mconfig, device_type type, const char *name, const char *tag, device_t *owner, UINT32 clock, const char *shortname)
: device_t(mconfig, type, name, tag, owner, clock, shortname, __FILE__),
device_image_interface(mconfig , *this),
m_irq_handler(*this),
m_flg_handler(*this),
m_sts_handler(*this),
m_tape_pos(TAPE_INIT_POS),
m_image_dirty(false)
{
clear_state();
}
hp_taco_device::hp_taco_device(const machine_config &mconfig, const char *tag, device_t *owner, UINT32 clock)
: device_t(mconfig, HP_TACO, "HP TACO", tag, owner, clock, "TACO", __FILE__),
device_image_interface(mconfig , *this),
m_irq_handler(*this),
m_flg_handler(*this),
m_sts_handler(*this),
m_tape_pos(TAPE_INIT_POS),
m_image_dirty(false)
{
clear_state();
}
WRITE16_MEMBER(hp_taco_device::reg_w)
{
LOG_0(("wr R%u = %04x\n", 4 + offset , data));
// Any I/O activity clears IRQ
irq_w(false);
switch (offset) {
case 0:
// Data register
m_data_reg = data;
m_data_reg_full = true;
break;
case 1:
// Command register
start_cmd_exec(data & CMD_REG_MASK);
break;
case 2:
// Tachometer register
m_tach_reg = data;
break;
case 3:
// Timing register
m_timing_reg = data;
break;
}
}
READ16_MEMBER(hp_taco_device::reg_r)
{
UINT16 res = 0;
// Any I/O activity clears IRQ
irq_w(false);
switch (offset) {
case 0:
// Data register
res = m_data_reg;
break;
case 1:
// Command & status register
res = (m_cmd_reg & CMD_REG_MASK) | (m_status_reg & STATUS_REG_MASK);
break;
case 2:
// Tachometer register
res = m_tach_reg;
break;
case 3:
// Checksum register: it clears when read
res = m_checksum_reg;
m_checksum_reg = 0;
break;
}
LOG_0(("rd R%u = %04x\n", 4 + offset , res));
return res;
}
READ_LINE_MEMBER(hp_taco_device::flg_r)
{
return m_flg;
}
READ_LINE_MEMBER(hp_taco_device::sts_r)
{
return m_sts;
}
// device_config_complete
void hp_taco_device::device_config_complete()
{
LOG(("device_config_complete"));
update_names();
}
// device_start
void hp_taco_device::device_start()
{
LOG(("device_start"));
m_irq_handler.resolve_safe();
m_flg_handler.resolve_safe();
m_sts_handler.resolve_safe();
save_item(NAME(m_data_reg));
save_item(NAME(m_data_reg_full));
save_item(NAME(m_cmd_reg));
save_item(NAME(m_cmd_state));
save_item(NAME(m_status_reg));
save_item(NAME(m_tach_reg));
save_item(NAME(m_checksum_reg));
save_item(NAME(m_timing_reg));
save_item(NAME(m_irq));
save_item(NAME(m_flg));
save_item(NAME(m_sts));
save_item(NAME(m_tape_pos));
save_item(NAME(m_start_time));
save_item(NAME(m_tape_fwd));
save_item(NAME(m_tape_fast));
save_item(NAME(m_image_dirty));
save_item(NAME(m_tape_wr));
save_item(NAME(m_rw_pos));
save_item(NAME(m_next_word));
save_item(NAME(m_rd_it_valid));
save_item(NAME(m_gap_detect_start));
m_tape_timer = timer_alloc(TAPE_TMR_ID);
m_hole_timer = timer_alloc(HOLE_TMR_ID);
}
// device_stop
void hp_taco_device::device_stop()
{
}
// device_reset
void hp_taco_device::device_reset()
{
LOG(("device_reset"));
clear_state();
m_irq = false;
m_flg = true;
m_irq_handler(false);
m_flg_handler(true);
set_error(false);
}
void hp_taco_device::device_timer(emu_timer &timer, device_timer_id id, int param, void *ptr)
{
if (CMD_CODE(m_cmd_reg) != CMD_STOP) {
update_tape_pos();
}
switch (id) {
case TAPE_TMR_ID:
LOG_0(("Tape tmr @%g\n" , machine().time().as_double()));
tape_pos_t length;
switch (CMD_CODE(m_cmd_reg)) {
case CMD_INDTA_INGAP:
if (m_cmd_state == 0) {
m_cmd_state = 1;
tape_pos_t target = m_tape_pos;
if (next_n_gap(target, 1, MIN_IRG_LENGTH)) {
m_tape_timer->adjust(time_to_target(target));
}
return;
}
break;
case CMD_RECORD_WRITE:
if (m_cmd_state == 0) {
if (m_rd_it->second == PREAMBLE_WORD) {
LOG_0(("Got preamble\n"));
m_cmd_state = 1;
// m_rw_pos already at correct position
m_tape_timer->adjust(fetch_next_wr_word());
break;
} else {
adv_res_t res = adv_it(m_rd_it);
if (res != ADV_NO_MORE_DATA) {
m_tape_timer->adjust(time_to_rd_next_word(m_rw_pos));
}
// No IRQ
return;
}
}
// Intentional fall-through
case CMD_INIT_WRITE:
write_word(m_rw_pos , m_next_word , length);
pos_offset(m_rw_pos , length);
// Just to be sure..
m_tape_pos = m_rw_pos;
m_tape_timer->adjust(fetch_next_wr_word());
break;
case CMD_STOP:
move_tape_pos(m_tape_fast ? FAST_BRAKE_DIST : SLOW_BRAKE_DIST);
stop_tape();
break;
case CMD_INGAP_MOVE:
if (m_cmd_state == 0) {
m_cmd_state = 1;
m_tape_timer->adjust(time_to_tach_pulses());
return;
}
break;
case CMD_FINAL_GAP:
case CMD_WRITE_IRG:
write_gap(m_rw_pos , m_tape_pos);
m_hole_timer->reset();
break;
case CMD_SCAN_RECORDS:
if (m_cmd_state == 0) {
m_cmd_state = 1;
tape_pos_t target = m_tape_pos;
if (next_n_gap(target, 0x10000U - m_tach_reg, MIN_IRG_LENGTH)) {
LOG_0(("%u gaps @%d\n" , 0x10000U - m_tach_reg, target));
m_tape_timer->adjust(time_to_target(target));
}
return;
} else {
m_hole_timer->reset();
}
break;
case CMD_MOVE_INDTA:
if (m_cmd_state == 0) {
if (next_data(m_rd_it , m_tape_pos , true)) {
m_cmd_state = 1;
m_tape_timer->adjust(time_to_target(farthest_end(m_rd_it)));
}
// No IRQ
return;
}
// m_cmd_state == 1 -> IRQ & cmd end
break;
case CMD_DELTA_MOVE_HOLE:
case CMD_DELTA_MOVE_IRG:
// Interrupt at end of movement
m_hole_timer->reset();
break;
case CMD_START_READ:
{
bool set_intr = true;
// Just to be sure..
m_tape_pos = m_rw_pos;
if (m_cmd_state == 0) {
set_intr = false;
if (m_rd_it->second == PREAMBLE_WORD) {
m_cmd_state = 1;
}
LOG_0(("Got preamble\n"));
} else {
m_data_reg = m_rd_it->second;
m_checksum_reg += m_data_reg;
LOG_0(("RD %04x\n" , m_data_reg));
}
adv_res_t res = adv_it(m_rd_it);
LOG_0(("adv_it %d\n" , res));
if (res == ADV_NO_MORE_DATA) {
m_rd_it_valid = false;
} else {
if (res == ADV_DISCONT_DATA) {
// Hit a gap, restart preamble search
m_cmd_state = 0;
}
m_tape_timer->adjust(time_to_rd_next_word(m_rw_pos));
}
if (!set_intr) {
return;
}
}
break;
case CMD_END_READ:
{
m_tape_pos = m_rw_pos;
// Note: checksum is not updated
m_data_reg = m_rd_it->second;
LOG_0(("Final RD %04x\n" , m_data_reg));
adv_res_t res = adv_it(m_rd_it);
if (res == ADV_NO_MORE_DATA) {
m_rd_it_valid = false;
}
m_hole_timer->reset();
}
break;
default:
// Other commands: just raise irq
break;
}
irq_w(true);
break;
case HOLE_TMR_ID:
LOG_0(("Hole tmr @%g\n" , machine().time().as_double()));
BIT_SET(m_status_reg , STATUS_HOLE_BIT);
switch (CMD_CODE(m_cmd_reg)) {
case CMD_FINAL_GAP:
case CMD_WRITE_IRG:
write_gap(m_rw_pos , m_tape_pos);
m_rw_pos = m_tape_pos;
break;
case CMD_SCAN_RECORDS:
case CMD_DELTA_MOVE_HOLE:
// Cmds 18 & 1c are terminated at first hole
m_tape_timer->reset();
irq_w(true);
// No reloading of hole timer
return;
case CMD_DELTA_MOVE_IRG:
// TODO: update r6
m_hole_timer->adjust(time_to_next_hole());
// No IRQ at holes
return;
case CMD_START_READ:
case CMD_END_READ:
set_error(true);
break;
default:
// Other cmds: default processing (update tape pos, set IRQ, schedule timer for next hole)
break;
}
irq_w(true);
m_hole_timer->adjust(time_to_next_hole());
break;
default:
break;
}
}
void hp_taco_device::clear_state(void)
{
m_data_reg = 0;
m_data_reg_full = false;
m_cmd_reg = 0;
m_status_reg = 0;
m_tach_reg = 0;
m_checksum_reg = 0;
m_timing_reg = 0;
m_cmd_state = 0;
// m_tape_pos is not reset, tape stays where it is
m_start_time = attotime::never;
m_tape_fwd = false;
m_tape_fast = false;
// m_image_dirty is not touched
m_tape_wr = false;
m_rw_pos = 0;
m_next_word = 0;
m_rd_it_valid = false;
m_gap_detect_start = NULL_TAPE_POS;
set_tape_present(false);
set_tape_present(is_loaded());
}
void hp_taco_device::irq_w(bool state)
{
if (state != m_irq) {
m_irq = state;
m_irq_handler(state);
LOG_0(("IRQ = %d\n" , state));
}
}
void hp_taco_device::set_error(bool state)
{
m_sts = !state;
m_sts_handler(m_sts);
LOG_0(("error = %d\n" , state));
}
unsigned hp_taco_device::speed_to_tick_freq(void) const
{
return m_tape_fast ? TACH_FREQ_FAST * TAPE_POS_FRACT : TACH_FREQ_SLOW * TAPE_POS_FRACT;
}
bool hp_taco_device::pos_offset(tape_pos_t& pos , tape_pos_t offset) const
{
if (offset == 0) {
return true;
}
if (!m_tape_fwd) {
offset = -offset;
}
pos += offset;
// In real life tape would unspool..
if (pos > TAPE_LENGTH) {
pos = TAPE_LENGTH;
return false;
} else if (pos < 0) {
pos = 0;
return false;
} else {
return true;
}
}
void hp_taco_device::move_tape_pos(tape_pos_t delta_pos)
{
tape_pos_t tape_start_pos = m_tape_pos;
if (!pos_offset(m_tape_pos , delta_pos)) {
LOG(("Tape unspooled!\n"));
}
m_start_time = machine().time();
LOG_0(("Tape pos = %u\n" , m_tape_pos));
if (any_hole(tape_start_pos , m_tape_pos)) {
// Crossed one or more holes
BIT_SET(m_status_reg , STATUS_HOLE_BIT);
}
}
void hp_taco_device::update_tape_pos(void)
{
if (m_start_time.is_never()) {
// Tape not moving
return;
}
attotime delta_time(machine().time() - m_start_time);
LOG_0(("delta_time = %g\n" , delta_time.as_double()));
// How many tachometer ticks has the tape moved?
tape_pos_t delta_tach = (tape_pos_t)(delta_time.as_ticks(speed_to_tick_freq()));
LOG_0(("delta_tach = %u\n" , delta_tach));
move_tape_pos(delta_tach);
// Gap detection
bool gap_detected = false;
if (m_gap_detect_start != NULL_TAPE_POS && abs(m_gap_detect_start - m_tape_pos) >= MIN_IRG_LENGTH) {
tape_pos_t tmp = m_tape_pos;
pos_offset(tmp , -MIN_IRG_LENGTH);
gap_detected = just_gap(tmp , m_tape_pos);
}
if (gap_detected) {
BIT_SET(m_status_reg, STATUS_GAP_BIT);
} else {
BIT_CLR(m_status_reg, STATUS_GAP_BIT);
}
}
void hp_taco_device::ensure_a_lt_b(tape_pos_t& a , tape_pos_t& b)
{
if (a > b) {
// Ensure A always comes before B
tape_pos_t tmp;
tmp = a;
a = b;
b = tmp;
}
}
// Is there any hole in a given section of tape?
bool hp_taco_device::any_hole(tape_pos_t tape_pos_a , tape_pos_t tape_pos_b)
{
ensure_a_lt_b(tape_pos_a , tape_pos_b);
for (tape_pos_t hole : tape_holes) {
if (tape_pos_a < hole && tape_pos_b >= hole) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
// Position of next hole tape will reach in a given direction
hp_taco_device::tape_pos_t hp_taco_device::next_hole(void) const
{
if (m_tape_fwd) {
for (tape_pos_t hole : tape_holes) {
if (hole > m_tape_pos) {
LOG_0(("next hole fwd @%u = %u\n" , m_tape_pos , hole));
return hole;
}
}
// No more holes: will hit end of tape
return TAPE_LENGTH;
} else {
for (int i = (sizeof(tape_holes) / sizeof(tape_holes[ 0 ])) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if (tape_holes[ i ] < m_tape_pos) {
LOG_0(("next hole rev @%u = %u\n" , m_tape_pos , tape_holes[ i ]));
return tape_holes[ i ];
}
}
// No more holes: will hit start of tape
return 0;
}
}
attotime hp_taco_device::time_to_distance(tape_pos_t distance) const
{
// +1 for rounding
return attotime::from_ticks(distance + 1 , speed_to_tick_freq());
}
attotime hp_taco_device::time_to_target(tape_pos_t target) const
{
return time_to_distance(abs(target - m_tape_pos));
}
bool hp_taco_device::start_tape_cmd(UINT16 cmd_reg , UINT16 must_be_1 , UINT16 must_be_0)
{
m_cmd_reg = cmd_reg;
UINT16 to_be_tested = (m_cmd_reg & CMD_REG_MASK) | (m_status_reg & STATUS_REG_MASK);
// Bits in STATUS_ERR_MASK must always be 0
must_be_0 |= STATUS_ERR_MASK;
// It's not an error if the error state is already set (sts false)
if (((to_be_tested & (must_be_1 | must_be_0)) ^ must_be_1) != 0) {
set_error(true);
return false;
} else {
bool prev_tape_wr = m_tape_wr;
bool prev_tape_fwd = m_tape_fwd;
bool prev_tape_fast = m_tape_fast;
bool not_moving = m_start_time.is_never();
m_start_time = machine().time();
m_tape_wr = (must_be_0 & STATUS_WPR_MASK) != 0;
m_tape_fwd = DIR_FWD(m_cmd_reg);
m_tape_fast = SPEED_FAST(m_cmd_reg);
// TODO: remove?
BIT_CLR(m_status_reg, STATUS_HOLE_BIT);
if (m_tape_wr) {
// Write command: disable gap detector
m_gap_detect_start = NULL_TAPE_POS;
BIT_CLR(m_status_reg, STATUS_GAP_BIT);
m_image_dirty = true;
} else if (not_moving || prev_tape_wr != m_tape_wr || prev_tape_fwd != m_tape_fwd || prev_tape_fast != m_tape_fast) {
// Tape started right now, switched from writing to reading, direction changed or speed changed: (re)start gap detector
m_gap_detect_start = m_tape_pos;
BIT_CLR(m_status_reg, STATUS_GAP_BIT);
}
return true;
}
}
void hp_taco_device::stop_tape(void)
{
m_start_time = attotime::never;
m_gap_detect_start = NULL_TAPE_POS;
}
hp_taco_device::tape_track_t& hp_taco_device::current_track(void)
{
return m_tracks[ BIT(m_status_reg , STATUS_TRACKB_BIT) ];
}
// Return physical length of a 16-bit word on tape
hp_taco_device::tape_pos_t hp_taco_device::word_length(tape_word_t w)
{
unsigned zeros , ones;
// pop count of w
ones = (w & 0x5555) + ((w >> 1) & 0x5555);
ones = (ones & 0x3333) + ((ones >> 2) & 0x3333);
ones = (ones & 0x0f0f) + ((ones >> 4) & 0x0f0f);
ones = (ones & 0x00ff) + ((ones >> 8) & 0x00ff);
zeros = 16 - ones;
return zeros * ZERO_BIT_LEN + (ones + 1) * ONE_BIT_LEN;
}
hp_taco_device::tape_pos_t hp_taco_device::word_end_pos(const tape_track_t::iterator& it)
{
return it->first + word_length(it->second);
}
void hp_taco_device::adjust_it(tape_track_t& track , tape_track_t::iterator& it , tape_pos_t pos)
{
if (it != track.begin()) {
it--;
if (word_end_pos(it) <= pos) {
it++;
}
}
}
// Write a word on current tape track
void hp_taco_device::write_word(tape_pos_t start , tape_word_t word , tape_pos_t& length)
{
tape_track_t& track = current_track();
tape_track_t::iterator it_low = track.lower_bound(start);
adjust_it(track , it_low , start);
length = word_length(word);
tape_pos_t end_pos = start + length;
tape_track_t::iterator it_high = track.lower_bound(end_pos);
track.erase(it_low , it_high);
track.insert(it_high , std::make_pair(start, word));
LOG_0(("WR %04x @ T%u:%u\n" , word , BIT(m_status_reg , STATUS_TRACKB_BIT) , start));
}
// Write a gap on current track
void hp_taco_device::write_gap(tape_pos_t a , tape_pos_t b)
{
ensure_a_lt_b(a , b);
tape_track_t& track = current_track();
tape_track_t::iterator it_low = track.lower_bound(a);
adjust_it(track , it_low , a);
tape_track_t::iterator it_high = track.lower_bound(b);
track.erase(it_low, it_high);
LOG_0(("GAP on T%u:[%u,%u)\n" , BIT(m_status_reg , STATUS_TRACKB_BIT) , a , b));
}
bool hp_taco_device::just_gap(tape_pos_t a , tape_pos_t b)
{
ensure_a_lt_b(a , b);
tape_track_t& track = current_track();
tape_track_t::iterator it_low = track.lower_bound(a);
tape_track_t::iterator it_high = track.lower_bound(b);
adjust_it(track, it_low, a);
return it_low == it_high;
}
hp_taco_device::tape_pos_t hp_taco_device::farthest_end(const tape_track_t::iterator& it) const
{
if (m_tape_fwd) {
return word_end_pos(it);
} else {
return it->first;
}
}
bool hp_taco_device::next_data(tape_track_t::iterator& it , tape_pos_t pos , bool inclusive)
{
tape_track_t& track = current_track();
it = track.lower_bound(pos);
if (m_tape_fwd) {
if (inclusive) {
adjust_it(track, it, pos);
}
return it != track.end();
} else {
// Never more than 2 iterations
do {
if (it == track.begin()) {
it = track.end();
return false;
}
it--;
} while (!inclusive && word_end_pos(it) > pos);
return true;
}
}
hp_taco_device::adv_res_t hp_taco_device::adv_it(tape_track_t::iterator& it)
{
tape_track_t& track = current_track();
if (m_tape_fwd) {
tape_pos_t prev_pos = word_end_pos(it);
it++;
if (it == track.end()) {
return ADV_NO_MORE_DATA;
} else {
adv_res_t res = prev_pos == it->first ? ADV_CONT_DATA : ADV_DISCONT_DATA;
return res;
}
} else {
if (it == track.begin()) {
it = track.end();
return ADV_NO_MORE_DATA;
} else {
tape_pos_t prev_pos = it->first;
it--;
return prev_pos == word_end_pos(it) ? ADV_CONT_DATA : ADV_DISCONT_DATA;
}
}
}
attotime hp_taco_device::fetch_next_wr_word(void)
{
if (m_data_reg_full) {
m_next_word = m_data_reg;
m_data_reg_full = false;
LOG_0(("next %04x (DR)\n" , m_next_word));
} else {
// When data register is empty, write checksum word
m_next_word = m_checksum_reg;
LOG_0(("next %04x (CS)\n" , m_next_word));
}
// Update checksum with new word
m_checksum_reg += m_next_word;
return time_to_distance(word_length(m_next_word));
}
attotime hp_taco_device::time_to_rd_next_word(tape_pos_t& word_rd_pos)
{
if (m_rd_it_valid) {
word_rd_pos = farthest_end(m_rd_it);
return time_to_target(word_rd_pos);
} else {
return attotime::never;
}
}
/**
* Scan for next "n_gaps" gaps
*
* @param[in,out] pos Start position on input, start of gap on output
* @param it Pointer to data word where scan is to start
* @param n_gaps Number of gaps to scan
* @param min_gap Minimum gap size
*
* @return true if n_gaps gaps are found
*/
bool hp_taco_device::next_n_gap(tape_pos_t& pos , tape_track_t::iterator it , unsigned n_gaps , tape_pos_t min_gap)
{
tape_track_t& track = current_track();
bool done = false;
tape_track_t::iterator prev_it;
if (m_tape_fwd) {
tape_pos_t next_pos;
while (1) {
if (it == track.end()) {
next_pos = TAPE_LENGTH;
done = true;
} else {
next_pos = it->first;
}
if (((next_pos - pos) >= min_gap && --n_gaps == 0) || done) {
break;
}
adv_res_t adv_res;
do {
prev_it = it;
adv_res = adv_it(it);
} while (adv_res == ADV_CONT_DATA);
pos = word_end_pos(prev_it);
}
} else {
tape_pos_t next_pos;
while (1) {
if (it == track.end()) {
next_pos = 0;
done = true;
} else {
next_pos = word_end_pos(it);
}
if (((pos - next_pos) >= min_gap && --n_gaps == 0) || done) {
break;
}
adv_res_t adv_res;
do {
prev_it = it;
adv_res = adv_it(it);
} while (adv_res == ADV_CONT_DATA);
pos = prev_it->first;
}
}
// Set "pos" where minimum gap size is met
pos_offset(pos , min_gap);
return n_gaps == 0;
}
bool hp_taco_device::next_n_gap(tape_pos_t& pos , unsigned n_gaps , tape_pos_t min_gap)
{
tape_track_t::iterator it;
// First align with next data
next_data(it, pos, true);
// Then scan for n_gaps
return next_n_gap(pos, it, n_gaps, min_gap);
}
void hp_taco_device::clear_tape(void)
{
for (unsigned track_n = 0; track_n < 2; track_n++) {
m_tracks[ track_n ].clear();
}
}
void hp_taco_device::dump_sequence(tape_track_t::const_iterator it_start , unsigned n_words)
{
if (n_words) {
UINT32 tmp32;
UINT16 tmp16;
tmp32 = n_words;
fwrite(&tmp32 , sizeof(tmp32));
tmp32 = it_start->first;
fwrite(&tmp32 , sizeof(tmp32));
for (unsigned i = 0; i < n_words; i++) {
tmp16 = it_start->second;
fwrite(&tmp16 , sizeof(tmp16));
it_start++;
}
}
}
void hp_taco_device::save_tape(void)
{
UINT32 tmp32;
fseek(0, SEEK_SET);
tmp32 = FILE_MAGIC;
fwrite(&tmp32 , sizeof(tmp32));
for (unsigned track_n = 0; track_n < 2; track_n++) {
const tape_track_t& track = m_tracks[ track_n ];
tape_pos_t next_pos = (tape_pos_t)-1;
unsigned n_words = 0;
tape_track_t::const_iterator it_start;
for (tape_track_t::const_iterator it = track.cbegin(); it != track.cend(); it++) {
if (it->first != next_pos) {
dump_sequence(it_start , n_words);
it_start = it;
n_words = 0;
}
next_pos = it->first + word_length(it->second);
n_words++;
}
dump_sequence(it_start , n_words);
// End of track
tmp32 = (UINT32)-1;
fwrite(&tmp32 , sizeof(tmp32));
}
}
bool hp_taco_device::load_track(tape_track_t& track)
{
UINT32 tmp32;
track.clear();
while (1) {
if (fread(&tmp32 , sizeof(tmp32)) != sizeof(tmp32)) {
return false;
}
if (tmp32 == (UINT32)-1) {
return true;
}
unsigned n_words = tmp32;
if (fread(&tmp32 , sizeof(tmp32)) != sizeof(tmp32)) {
return false;
}
tape_pos_t pos = (tape_pos_t)tmp32;
for (unsigned i = 0; i < n_words; i++) {
UINT16 tmp16;
if (fread(&tmp16 , sizeof(tmp16)) != sizeof(tmp16)) {
return false;
}
track.insert(std::make_pair(pos , tmp16));
pos += word_length(tmp16);
}
}
}
bool hp_taco_device::load_tape(void)
{
UINT32 magic;
if (fread(&magic , sizeof(magic)) != sizeof(magic) ||
magic != FILE_MAGIC) {
return false;
}
for (unsigned track_n = 0; track_n < 2; track_n++) {
if (!load_track(m_tracks[ track_n ])) {
LOG(("load_tape failed"));
clear_tape();
return false;
}
}
LOG(("load_tape done\n"));
return true;
}
void hp_taco_device::set_tape_present(bool present)
{
if (present) {
if (is_readonly()) {
BIT_SET(m_status_reg, STATUS_WPR_BIT);
} else {
BIT_CLR(m_status_reg, STATUS_WPR_BIT);
}
// STATUS_CART_OUT_BIT is reset by CMD_CLEAR
} else {
BIT_SET(m_status_reg, STATUS_CART_OUT_BIT);
BIT_SET(m_status_reg, STATUS_WPR_BIT);
}
}
attotime hp_taco_device::time_to_next_hole(void) const
{
return time_to_target(next_hole());
}
attotime hp_taco_device::time_to_tach_pulses(void) const
{
return time_to_distance((tape_pos_t)(0x10000U - m_tach_reg) * TAPE_POS_FRACT);
}
void hp_taco_device::start_cmd_exec(UINT16 new_cmd_reg)
{
LOG(("Cmd = %02x\n" , CMD_CODE(new_cmd_reg)));
update_tape_pos();
attotime cmd_duration = attotime::never;
attotime time_to_hole = attotime::never;
unsigned new_cmd_code = CMD_CODE(new_cmd_reg);
if (new_cmd_code != CMD_START_READ &&
new_cmd_code != CMD_END_READ &&
new_cmd_code != CMD_CLEAR) {
m_rd_it_valid = false;
}
switch (new_cmd_code) {
case CMD_INDTA_INGAP:
// Errors: CART OUT,FAST SPEED
if (start_tape_cmd(new_cmd_reg , 0 , SPEED_FAST_MASK)) {
m_cmd_state = 0;
if (next_data(m_rd_it , m_tape_pos , true)) {
cmd_duration = time_to_target(farthest_end(m_rd_it));
}
}
break;
case CMD_FINAL_GAP:
// Errors: WP,CART OUT
if (start_tape_cmd(new_cmd_reg , 0 , STATUS_WPR_MASK)) {
m_rw_pos = m_tape_pos;
cmd_duration = time_to_distance(END_GAP_LENGTH);
time_to_hole = time_to_next_hole();
}
break;
case CMD_CLEAR:
set_error(false);
BIT_CLR(m_status_reg, STATUS_HOLE_BIT);
BIT_CLR(m_status_reg, STATUS_CART_OUT_BIT);
BIT_CLR(m_status_reg, STATUS_WPR_BIT);
set_tape_present(is_loaded());
// This is a special command: it doesn't raise IRQ at completion and it
// doesn't replace current command
return;
case CMD_NOT_INDTA:
// Errors: CART OUT,FAST SPEED
if (start_tape_cmd(new_cmd_reg , 0 , SPEED_FAST_MASK)) {
tape_pos_t target = m_tape_pos;
if (next_n_gap(target, 1, NO_DATA_GAP)) {
LOG_0(("End of data @%d\n" , target));
cmd_duration = time_to_target(target);
}
// Holes detected?
}
break;
case CMD_INIT_WRITE:
// Errors: WP,CART OUT,fast speed,reverse
if (start_tape_cmd(new_cmd_reg , DIR_FWD_MASK , STATUS_WPR_MASK | SPEED_FAST_MASK)) {
m_next_word = PREAMBLE_WORD;
m_rw_pos = m_tape_pos;
cmd_duration = time_to_distance(word_length(m_next_word));
}
break;
case CMD_STOP:
if (CMD_CODE(m_cmd_reg) != CMD_STOP) {
if (m_start_time.is_never()) {
// Tape is already stopped
cmd_duration = attotime::from_usec(QUICK_CMD_USEC);
} else {
// Start braking timer
cmd_duration = attotime::from_msec(m_tape_fast ? FAST_BRAKE_MSEC : SLOW_BRAKE_MSEC);
}
m_cmd_reg = new_cmd_reg;
} else {
// TODO: check if ok
return;
}
break;
case CMD_SET_TRACK:
// Don't know if this command really starts the tape or not (probably it doesn't)
if (start_tape_cmd(new_cmd_reg , 0 , 0)) {
// When b9 is 0, set track A/B
// When b9 is 1, ignore command (in TACO chip it has an unknown purpose)
if (!UNKNOWN_B9(new_cmd_reg)) {
if (CMD_OPT(new_cmd_reg)) {
BIT_SET(m_status_reg, STATUS_TRACKB_BIT);
} else {
BIT_CLR(m_status_reg, STATUS_TRACKB_BIT);
}
}
cmd_duration = attotime::from_usec(QUICK_CMD_USEC);
}
break;
case CMD_MOVE:
if (start_tape_cmd(new_cmd_reg , 0 , 0)) {
time_to_hole = time_to_next_hole();
}
break;
case CMD_INGAP_MOVE:
// Errors: CART OUT,FAST SPEED
if (start_tape_cmd(new_cmd_reg , 0 , SPEED_FAST_MASK)) {
m_cmd_state = 0;
tape_pos_t target = m_tape_pos;
if (next_n_gap(target, 1, MIN_IRG_LENGTH)) {
LOG_0(("IRG @%d\n" , target));
cmd_duration = time_to_target(target);
}
// Holes detected?
}
break;
case CMD_WRITE_IRG:
// Errors: WP,CART OUT
if (start_tape_cmd(new_cmd_reg , 0 , STATUS_WPR_MASK)) {
m_rw_pos = m_tape_pos;
cmd_duration = time_to_tach_pulses();
time_to_hole = time_to_next_hole();
}
break;
case CMD_SCAN_RECORDS:
// Errors: CART OUT
if (start_tape_cmd(new_cmd_reg , 0 , 0)) {
m_cmd_state = 0;
if (next_data(m_rd_it , m_tape_pos , true)) {
cmd_duration = time_to_target(farthest_end(m_rd_it));
}
time_to_hole = time_to_next_hole();
}
break;
case CMD_RECORD_WRITE:
// Errors: WP,CART OUT,fast speed,reverse
if (start_tape_cmd(new_cmd_reg , DIR_FWD_MASK , STATUS_WPR_MASK | SPEED_FAST_MASK)) {
// Search for preamble first
m_cmd_state = 0;
m_rd_it_valid = next_data(m_rd_it , m_tape_pos , false);
cmd_duration = time_to_rd_next_word(m_rw_pos);
// Holes detected?
}
break;
case CMD_MOVE_INDTA:
// Errors: CART OUT,FAST SPEED
if (start_tape_cmd(new_cmd_reg , 0 , SPEED_FAST_MASK)) {
m_cmd_state = 0;
cmd_duration = time_to_tach_pulses();
// Holes detected?
}
break;
case CMD_UNK_1b:
if (start_tape_cmd(new_cmd_reg , 0 , 0)) {
// Unknown purpose, but make it a NOP (it's used in "T" test of test ROM)
cmd_duration = attotime::from_usec(QUICK_CMD_USEC);
}
break;
case CMD_DELTA_MOVE_HOLE:
case CMD_DELTA_MOVE_IRG:
if (start_tape_cmd(new_cmd_reg , 0 , 0)) {
cmd_duration = time_to_tach_pulses();
time_to_hole = time_to_next_hole();
}
break;
case CMD_START_READ:
// Yes, you can read tape backwards: test "C" does that!
// Because of this DIR_FWD_MASK is not in the "must be 1" mask.
if (start_tape_cmd(new_cmd_reg , 0 , SPEED_FAST_MASK)) {
// TODO: check anche m_rw_pos sforato
if (!m_rd_it_valid) {
// Search for preamble first
m_cmd_state = 0;
m_rd_it_valid = next_data(m_rd_it , m_tape_pos , false);
}
cmd_duration = time_to_rd_next_word(m_rw_pos);
time_to_hole = time_to_next_hole();
}
break;
case CMD_END_READ:
// This command only makes sense after CMD_START_READ
if (CMD_CODE(m_cmd_reg) == CMD_START_READ && m_cmd_state == 1 &&
start_tape_cmd(new_cmd_reg , 0 , SPEED_FAST_MASK)) {
LOG_0(("END_READ %d\n" , m_rd_it_valid));
cmd_duration = time_to_rd_next_word(m_rw_pos);
time_to_hole = time_to_next_hole();
}
break;
default:
LOG(("Unrecognized command\n"));
break;
}
m_tape_timer->adjust(cmd_duration);
m_hole_timer->adjust(time_to_hole);
}
bool hp_taco_device::call_load()
{
LOG(("call_load %d\n" , has_been_created()));
if (has_been_created()) {
clear_tape();
save_tape();
} else if (!load_tape()) {
seterror(IMAGE_ERROR_INVALIDIMAGE , "Wrong format");
set_tape_present(false);
return IMAGE_INIT_FAIL;
}
m_image_dirty = false;
set_tape_present(true);
return IMAGE_INIT_PASS;
}
bool hp_taco_device::call_create(int format_type, option_resolution *format_options)
{
LOG(("call_create %d\n" , has_been_created()));
return call_load();
}
void hp_taco_device::call_unload()
{
LOG(("call_unload dirty=%d\n" , m_image_dirty));
if (m_image_dirty) {
save_tape();
m_image_dirty = false;
}
clear_tape();
set_tape_present(false);
}
const char *hp_taco_device::file_extensions() const
{
return "hti";
}
|