/*************************************************************************** TEC-1 driver, written by Robbbert in April, 2009 for MESS. The TEC-1 was a single-board "computer" described in Talking Electronics magazine, issues number 10 and 11. Talking Electronics do not have dates on their issues, so the date is uncertain, although 1984 seems a reasonable guess. Talking Electronics operated from Cheltenham, a suburb of Melbourne. The hardware is quite simple, consisting of a Z80 cpu, 2x 8212 8-bit latch, 74C923 keyboard scanner, 20 push-button keys, 6-digit LED display, a speaker, a 2k EPROM and sundry parts. The cpu speed could be adjusted by using a potentiometer, the range being 250 kHz to 2MHz. This is a simple method of adjusting a game's difficulty. We emulate the original version. Later enhancements included more RAM, speech synthesis and various attachments, however I have no information on these. Pasting: 0-F : as is + (inc) : ^ - (dec) : V AD : - GO : X Keys: 0 to 9, A to F are on the key of the same name. AD (input an address) is the '-' key. + and - (increment / decrement address) are the up and down-arrow keys. GO (execute program at current address) is the X key. SHIFT - later monitor versions utilised an extra shift button. Hold it down and press another key (use Left Shift). Whenever a program listing mentions RESET, do a Soft Reset. Each key causes a beep to be heard. You may need to press more than once to get it to register. Inbuilt games - press the following sequence of keys: - Welcome: RESET D 1 + 0 2 AD 0 2 7 0 GO GO (Paste: D1^02 -0270XX) - Nim: RESET AD 3 E 0 GO GO (Paste: -3E0XX) - Invaders: RESET AD 3 2 0 GO GO (Paste: -320XX) - Luna Lander: RESET AD 4 9 0 GO GO (Paste: -490XX) Thanks to Chris Schwartz who dumped his ROM for me way back in the old days. It's only taken 25 years to get around to emulating it... Differences between tec1 and tecjmon: On the tec1 a keypress is indicated by an NMI from the 74C923; but on the jmon it sets bit 6 of port 3 low instead. The NMI code is simply a 'retn' in the jmon rom, so we can use the same code. The jmon includes a cassette interface, a serial input connection, and an optional LCD, but the games of the tec1 have been removed. ToDo: - After a Soft Reset, pressing keys can crash the emulation. - The 74C923 code may need to be revisited to improve keyboard response. Sometimes have to press a key a few times before it registers. - The 10ms debounce is not emulated. JMON ToDo: - Add LCD display (2 rows by 16 characters) ***************************************************************************/ #include "emu.h" #include "cpu/z80/z80.h" #include "sound/speaker.h" #include "sound/wave.h" #include "imagedev/cassette.h" #include "tec1.lh" class tec1_state : public driver_device { public: tec1_state(const machine_config &mconfig, device_type type, const char *tag) : driver_device(mconfig, type, tag), m_maincpu(*this, "maincpu"), m_speaker(*this, SPEAKER_TAG), m_cass(*this, CASSETTE_TAG), m_wave(*this, WAVE_TAG), m_key_pressed(0) { } required_device m_maincpu; required_device m_speaker; optional_device m_cass; optional_device m_wave; emu_timer *m_kbd_timer; DECLARE_READ8_MEMBER( tec1_kbd_r ); DECLARE_READ8_MEMBER( latch_r ); DECLARE_WRITE8_MEMBER( tec1_digit_w ); DECLARE_WRITE8_MEMBER( tecjmon_digit_w ); DECLARE_WRITE8_MEMBER( tec1_segment_w ); UINT8 m_kbd; UINT8 m_segment; UINT8 m_digit; UINT8 m_kbd_row; UINT8 m_refresh[6]; bool m_key_pressed; UINT8 tec1_convert_col_to_bin( UINT8 col, UINT8 row ); virtual void machine_reset(); virtual void machine_start(); TIMER_CALLBACK_MEMBER(tec1_kbd_callback); }; /*************************************************************************** Display ***************************************************************************/ WRITE8_MEMBER( tec1_state::tec1_segment_w ) { /* d7 segment d d6 segment e d5 segment c d4 segment dot d3 segment b d2 segment g d1 segment f d0 segment a */ m_segment = BITSWAP8(data, 4, 2, 1, 6, 7, 5, 3, 0); } WRITE8_MEMBER( tec1_state::tec1_digit_w ) { /* d7 speaker d6 not used d5 data digit 1 d4 data digit 2 d3 address digit 1 d2 address digit 2 d1 address digit 3 d0 address digit 4 */ speaker_level_w(m_speaker, BIT(data, 7)); m_digit = data & 0x3f; } WRITE8_MEMBER( tec1_state::tecjmon_digit_w ) { /* d7 speaker & cassout d6 not used d5 data digit 1 d4 data digit 2 d3 address digit 1 d2 address digit 2 d1 address digit 3 d0 address digit 4 */ speaker_level_w(m_speaker, BIT(data, 7)); m_cass->output(BIT(data, 7) ? -1.0 : +1.0); m_digit = data & 0x3f; } /*************************************************************************** Keyboard ***************************************************************************/ READ8_MEMBER( tec1_state::latch_r ) { // bit 7 - cass in ; bit 6 low = key pressed UINT8 data = (m_key_pressed) ? 0 : 0x40; if (m_cass->input() > 0.03) data |= 0x80; return data; } READ8_MEMBER( tec1_state::tec1_kbd_r ) { machine().device("maincpu")->execute().set_input_line(INPUT_LINE_NMI, CLEAR_LINE); return m_kbd | ioport("SHIFT")->read(); } UINT8 tec1_state::tec1_convert_col_to_bin( UINT8 col, UINT8 row ) { UINT8 data = row; if (BIT(col, 1)) data |= 4; else if (BIT(col, 2)) data |= 8; else if (BIT(col, 3)) data |= 12; else if (BIT(col, 4)) data |= 16; return data; } TIMER_CALLBACK_MEMBER(tec1_state::tec1_kbd_callback) { static const char *const keynames[] = { "LINE0", "LINE1", "LINE2", "LINE3" }; UINT8 i; // Display the digits. Blank any digits that haven't been refreshed for a while. // This will fix the problem reported by a user. for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) { if (BIT(m_digit, i)) { m_refresh[i] = 1; output_set_digit_value(i, m_segment); } else if (m_refresh[i] == 0x80) { output_set_digit_value(i, 0); m_refresh[i] = 0; } else if (m_refresh[i]) m_refresh[i]++; } // 74C923 4 by 5 key encoder. // if previous key is still held, bail out if (machine().root_device().ioport(keynames[m_kbd_row])->read()) if (tec1_convert_col_to_bin(machine().root_device().ioport(keynames[m_kbd_row])->read(), m_kbd_row) == m_kbd) return; m_kbd_row++; m_kbd_row &= 3; /* see if a key pressed */ if (machine().root_device().ioport(keynames[m_kbd_row])->read()) { m_kbd = tec1_convert_col_to_bin(machine().root_device().ioport(keynames[m_kbd_row])->read(), m_kbd_row); machine().device("maincpu")->execute().set_input_line(INPUT_LINE_NMI, HOLD_LINE); m_key_pressed = TRUE; } else m_key_pressed = FALSE; } /*************************************************************************** Machine ***************************************************************************/ void tec1_state::machine_start() { m_kbd_timer = machine().scheduler().timer_alloc(timer_expired_delegate(FUNC(tec1_state::tec1_kbd_callback),this)); m_kbd_timer->adjust( attotime::zero, 0, attotime::from_hz(500) ); } void tec1_state::machine_reset() { m_kbd = 0; } /*************************************************************************** Address Map ***************************************************************************/ static ADDRESS_MAP_START( tec1_map, AS_PROGRAM, 8, tec1_state ) ADDRESS_MAP_GLOBAL_MASK(0x3fff) AM_RANGE(0x0000, 0x07ff) AM_ROM AM_RANGE(0x0800, 0x0fff) AM_RAM // on main board AM_RANGE(0x1000, 0x3fff) AM_RAM // expansion ADDRESS_MAP_END static ADDRESS_MAP_START( tec1_io, AS_IO, 8, tec1_state ) ADDRESS_MAP_GLOBAL_MASK(0x07) AM_RANGE(0x00, 0x00) AM_READ(tec1_kbd_r) AM_RANGE(0x01, 0x01) AM_WRITE(tec1_digit_w) AM_RANGE(0x02, 0x02) AM_WRITE(tec1_segment_w) ADDRESS_MAP_END static ADDRESS_MAP_START( tecjmon_map, AS_PROGRAM, 8, tec1_state ) ADDRESS_MAP_GLOBAL_MASK(0x3fff) AM_RANGE(0x0000, 0x07ff) AM_ROM AM_RANGE(0x0800, 0x37ff) AM_RAM AM_RANGE(0x3800, 0x3fff) AM_ROM ADDRESS_MAP_END static ADDRESS_MAP_START( tecjmon_io, AS_IO, 8, tec1_state ) ADDRESS_MAP_GLOBAL_MASK(0xff) AM_RANGE(0x00, 0x00) AM_READ(tec1_kbd_r) AM_RANGE(0x01, 0x01) AM_WRITE(tecjmon_digit_w) AM_RANGE(0x02, 0x02) AM_WRITE(tec1_segment_w) AM_RANGE(0x03, 0x03) AM_READ(latch_r) //AM_RANGE(0x04, 0x04) AM_WRITE(lcd_en_w) //AM_RANGE(0x84, 0x84) AM_WRITE(lcd_2nd_w) ADDRESS_MAP_END /************************************************************************** Keyboard Layout ***************************************************************************/ static INPUT_PORTS_START( tec1 ) PORT_START("LINE0") /* KEY ROW 0 */ PORT_BIT(0x01, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD) PORT_NAME("0") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_0) PORT_CHAR('0') PORT_BIT(0x02, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD) PORT_NAME("4") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_4) PORT_CHAR('4') PORT_BIT(0x04, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD) PORT_NAME("8") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_8) PORT_CHAR('8') PORT_BIT(0x08, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD) PORT_NAME("C") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_C) PORT_CHAR('C') PORT_BIT(0x10, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD) PORT_NAME("+") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_UP) PORT_CHAR('^') PORT_START("LINE1") /* KEY ROW 1 */ PORT_BIT(0x01, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD) PORT_NAME("1") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_1) PORT_CHAR('1') PORT_BIT(0x02, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD) PORT_NAME("5") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_5) PORT_CHAR('5') PORT_BIT(0x04, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD) PORT_NAME("9") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_9) PORT_CHAR('9') PORT_BIT(0x08, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD) PORT_NAME("D") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_D) PORT_CHAR('D') PORT_BIT(0x10, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD) PORT_NAME("-") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_DOWN) PORT_CHAR('V') PORT_START("LINE2") /* KEY ROW 2 */ PORT_BIT(0x01, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD) PORT_NAME("2") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_2) PORT_CHAR('2') PORT_BIT(0x02, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD) PORT_NAME("6") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_6) PORT_CHAR('6') PORT_BIT(0x04, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD) PORT_NAME("A") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_A) PORT_CHAR('A') PORT_BIT(0x08, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD) PORT_NAME("E") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_E) PORT_CHAR('E') PORT_BIT(0x10, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD) PORT_NAME("GO") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_X) PORT_CHAR('X') PORT_START("LINE3") /* KEY ROW 3 */ PORT_BIT(0x01, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD) PORT_NAME("3") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_3) PORT_CHAR('3') PORT_BIT(0x02, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD) PORT_NAME("7") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_7) PORT_CHAR('7') PORT_BIT(0x04, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD) PORT_NAME("B") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_B) PORT_CHAR('B') PORT_BIT(0x08, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD) PORT_NAME("F") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_F) PORT_CHAR('F') PORT_BIT(0x10, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD) PORT_NAME("AD") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_MINUS) PORT_CHAR('-') PORT_START("SHIFT") PORT_BIT(0x1f, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_UNUSED) PORT_BIT(0x20, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_KEYBOARD) PORT_NAME("Shift") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_LSHIFT) PORT_BIT(0xc0, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_UNUSED) INPUT_PORTS_END /*************************************************************************** Machine driver ***************************************************************************/ static MACHINE_CONFIG_START( tec1, tec1_state ) /* basic machine hardware */ MCFG_CPU_ADD("maincpu", Z80, 1000000) /* speed can be varied between 250kHz and 2MHz */ MCFG_CPU_PROGRAM_MAP(tec1_map) MCFG_CPU_IO_MAP(tec1_io) /* video hardware */ MCFG_DEFAULT_LAYOUT(layout_tec1) /* sound hardware */ MCFG_SPEAKER_STANDARD_MONO("mono") MCFG_SOUND_ADD(SPEAKER_TAG, SPEAKER_SOUND, 0) MCFG_SOUND_ROUTE(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.50) MACHINE_CONFIG_END static MACHINE_CONFIG_START( tecjmon, tec1_state ) /* basic machine hardware */ MCFG_CPU_ADD("maincpu", Z80, XTAL_3_579545MHz / 2) MCFG_CPU_PROGRAM_MAP(tecjmon_map) MCFG_CPU_IO_MAP(tecjmon_io) /* video hardware */ MCFG_DEFAULT_LAYOUT(layout_tec1) /* sound hardware */ MCFG_SPEAKER_STANDARD_MONO("mono") MCFG_SOUND_ADD(SPEAKER_TAG, SPEAKER_SOUND, 0) MCFG_SOUND_ROUTE(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.50) MCFG_SOUND_WAVE_ADD(WAVE_TAG, CASSETTE_TAG) MCFG_SOUND_ROUTE(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.25) /* Devices */ MCFG_CASSETTE_ADD( CASSETTE_TAG, default_cassette_interface ) MACHINE_CONFIG_END /*************************************************************************** Game driver ***************************************************************************/ ROM_START(tec1) ROM_REGION(0x10000, "maincpu", ROMREGION_ERASEFF) ROM_SYSTEM_BIOS(0, "mon1", "MON1") ROMX_LOAD("mon1.rom", 0x0000, 0x0800, CRC(b3390c36) SHA1(18aabc68d473206b7fc4e365c6b57a4e218482c3), ROM_BIOS(1)) ROM_SYSTEM_BIOS(1, "mon1b", "MON1B") ROMX_LOAD("mon1b.rom", 0x0000, 0x0800, CRC(60daea3c) SHA1(383b7e7f02e91fb18c87eb03c5949e31156771d4), ROM_BIOS(2)) ROM_SYSTEM_BIOS(2, "mon2", "MON2") ROMX_LOAD("mon2.rom", 0x0000, 0x0800, CRC(082fd7e7) SHA1(7659add30ca22b15a03d1cbac0892a5c25e47ecd), ROM_BIOS(3)) ROM_END ROM_START(tecjmon) ROM_REGION(0x10000, "maincpu", ROMREGION_ERASEFF) ROM_LOAD("jmon.rom", 0x0000, 0x0800, CRC(202c47a2) SHA1(701588ec5640d633d90d94b2ccd6f65422e19a70) ) ROM_LOAD("util.rom", 0x3800, 0x0800, CRC(7c19700d) SHA1(dc5b3ade66bb11c54430056966ed99cdd299d82b) ) ROM_END /* YEAR NAME PARENT COMPAT MACHINE INPUT INIT COMPANY FULLNAME */ COMP( 1984, tec1, 0, 0, tec1, tec1, driver_device, 0, "Talking Electronics magazine", "TEC-1" , 0 ) COMP( 1984, tecjmon, tec1, 0, tecjmon, tec1, driver_device, 0, "Talking Electronics magazine", "TEC-1A with JMON" , 0 )