/************************************************************************* Sega Z80-3D system *************************************************************************/ #include "emu.h" #include "includes/turbo.h" #include "video/resnet.h" typedef struct _sprite_info sprite_info; struct _sprite_info { UINT16 ve; /* VE0-15 signals for this row */ UINT8 lst; /* LST0-7 signals for this row */ UINT32 latched[8]; /* latched pixel data */ UINT8 plb[8]; /* latched PLB state */ UINT32 offset[8]; /* current offset for this row */ UINT32 frac[8]; /* leftover fraction */ UINT32 step[8]; /* stepping value */ }; static const UINT32 sprite_expand[16] = { 0x00000000, 0x00000001, 0x00000100, 0x00000101, 0x00010000, 0x00010001, 0x00010100, 0x00010101, 0x01000000, 0x01000001, 0x01000100, 0x01000101, 0x01010000, 0x01010001, 0x01010100, 0x01010101 }; /************************************* * * Palette conversion * *************************************/ PALETTE_INIT( turbo ) { static const int resistances[3] = { 1000, 470, 220 }; double rweights[3], gweights[3], bweights[2]; int i; /* compute the color output resistor weights */ compute_resistor_weights(0, 255, -1.0, 3, &resistances[0], rweights, 470, 0, 3, &resistances[0], gweights, 470, 0, 2, &resistances[1], bweights, 470, 0); /* initialize the palette with these colors */ for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) { int bit0, bit1, bit2, r, g, b; /* red component */ bit0 = (i >> 0) & 1; bit1 = (i >> 1) & 1; bit2 = (i >> 2) & 1; r = combine_3_weights(rweights, bit0, bit1, bit2); /* green component */ bit0 = (i >> 3) & 1; bit1 = (i >> 4) & 1; bit2 = (i >> 5) & 1; g = combine_3_weights(gweights, bit0, bit1, bit2); /* blue component */ bit0 = (i >> 6) & 1; bit1 = (i >> 7) & 1; b = combine_2_weights(bweights, bit0, bit1); palette_set_color(machine, i, MAKE_RGB(r, g, b)); } } PALETTE_INIT( subroc3d ) { static const int resistances[3] = { 1000, 470, 220 }; double rweights[3], gweights[3], bweights[2]; int i; /* compute the color output resistor weights */ compute_resistor_weights(0, 255, -1.0, 3, &resistances[0], rweights, 470, 0, 3, &resistances[0], gweights, 470, 0, 2, &resistances[1], bweights, 470, 0); /* initialize the palette with these colors */ for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) { int bit0, bit1, bit2, r, g, b; /* red component */ bit0 = (i >> 0) & 1; bit1 = (i >> 1) & 1; bit2 = (i >> 2) & 1; r = combine_3_weights(rweights, bit0, bit1, bit2); /* green component */ bit0 = (i >> 3) & 1; bit1 = (i >> 4) & 1; bit2 = (i >> 5) & 1; g = combine_3_weights(gweights, bit0, bit1, bit2); /* blue component */ bit0 = (i >> 6) & 1; bit1 = (i >> 7) & 1; b = combine_2_weights(bweights, bit0, bit1); palette_set_color(machine, i, MAKE_RGB(r, g, b)); } } PALETTE_INIT( buckrog ) { static const int resistances[4] = { 2200, 1000, 500, 250 }; double rweights[3], gweights[3], bweights[4]; int i; /* compute the color output resistor weights */ compute_resistor_weights(0, 255, -1.0, 3, &resistances[1], rweights, 1000, 0, 3, &resistances[1], gweights, 1000, 0, 4, &resistances[0], bweights, 1000, 0); /* initialize the palette with these colors */ for (i = 0; i < 1024; i++) { int bit0, bit1, bit2, bit3, r, g, b; /* red component */ bit0 = (i >> 0) & 1; bit1 = (i >> 1) & 1; bit2 = (i >> 2) & 1; r = combine_3_weights(rweights, bit0, bit1, bit2); /* green component */ bit0 = (i >> 3) & 1; bit1 = (i >> 4) & 1; bit2 = (i >> 5) & 1; g = combine_3_weights(gweights, bit0, bit1, bit2); /* blue component - note the shuffled bits */ bit0 = (i >> 8) & 1; bit1 = (i >> 9) & 1; bit2 = (i >> 6) & 1; bit3 = (i >> 7) & 1; b = combine_4_weights(bweights, bit0, bit1, bit2, bit3); palette_set_color(machine, i, MAKE_RGB(r, g, b)); } } /************************************* * * Video startup * *************************************/ static TILE_GET_INFO( get_fg_tile_info ) { turbo_state *state = machine.driver_data(); int code = state->m_videoram[tile_index]; SET_TILE_INFO(0, code, code >> 2, 0); } VIDEO_START( turbo ) { turbo_state *state = machine.driver_data(); /* initialize the foreground tilemap */ state->m_fg_tilemap = tilemap_create(machine, get_fg_tile_info, tilemap_scan_rows, 8,8, 32,32); } VIDEO_START( buckrog ) { turbo_state *state = machine.driver_data(); /* initialize the foreground tilemap */ state->m_fg_tilemap = tilemap_create(machine, get_fg_tile_info, tilemap_scan_rows, 8,8, 32,32); /* allocate the bitmap RAM */ state->m_buckrog_bitmap_ram = auto_alloc_array(machine, UINT8, 0xe000); state->save_pointer(NAME(state->m_buckrog_bitmap_ram), 0xe000); } /************************************* * * Videoram access * *************************************/ WRITE8_HANDLER( turbo_videoram_w ) { turbo_state *state = space->machine().driver_data(); state->m_videoram[offset] = data; if (offset < 0x400) { space->machine().primary_screen->update_partial(space->machine().primary_screen->vpos()); tilemap_mark_tile_dirty(state->m_fg_tilemap, offset); } } WRITE8_HANDLER( buckrog_bitmap_w ) { turbo_state *state = space->machine().driver_data(); state->m_buckrog_bitmap_ram[offset] = data & 1; } /************************************* * * Sprite X scaling * *************************************/ INLINE UINT32 sprite_xscale(UINT8 dacinput, double vr1, double vr2, double cext) { /* compute the effective pixel clock for this sprite */ /* thanks to Frank Palazzolo for figuring out this logic */ /* compute the control voltage to the VCO */ /* VR1 and VR2 are variable resistors on Turbo, fixed on other boards */ double iref = 5.0 / (1.5e3 + vr2); double iout = iref * ((float)dacinput / 256.0); double vref = 5.0 * 1e3 / (3.8e3 + 1e3 + vr1); double vco_cv = (2.2e3 * iout) + vref; /* based on the control voltage, compute the frequency assuming a 50pF */ /* external capacitor; this is the graph in the datasheet. Some attempt */ /* to simulate the non-linearity at the edges has been made, but it is */ /* admittedly cheesy. */ double vco_freq; if (vco_cv > 5.0) vco_cv = 5.0; if (vco_cv < 0.0) vco_cv = 0.0; if (cext < 1e-11) { if (vco_cv < 1.33) vco_freq = (0.68129 + pow(vco_cv + 0.6, 1.285)) * 1e6; else if (vco_cv < 4.3) vco_freq = (3 + (8 - 3) * ((vco_cv - 1.33) / (4.3 - 1.33))) * 1e6; else vco_freq = (-1.560279 + pow(vco_cv - 4.3 + 6, 1.26)) * 1e6; /* now scale based on the actual external capacitor; the frequency goes */ /* up by a factor of 10 for every factor of 10 the capacitance is reduced */ /* approximately */ vco_freq *= 50e-12 / cext; } else { /* based on figure 6 of datasheet */ vco_freq = -0.9892942 * log10(cext) - 0.0309697 * vco_cv * vco_cv + 0.344079975 * vco_cv - 4.086395841; vco_freq = pow(10.0, vco_freq); } /* finally, convert to a fraction (8.24) of 5MHz, which is the pixel clock */ return (UINT32)((vco_freq / (5e6 * TURBO_X_SCALE)) * 16777216.0); } /************************************* * * Turbo sprite handling * *************************************/ static void turbo_prepare_sprites(running_machine &machine, turbo_state *state, UINT8 y, sprite_info *info) { const UINT8 *pr1119 = machine.region("proms")->base() + 0x200; int sprnum; /* initialize the line enable signals to 0 */ info->ve = 0; info->lst = 0; /* compute the sprite information, which was done on the previous scanline during HBLANK */ for (sprnum = 0; sprnum < 16; sprnum++) { UINT8 *rambase = &state->m_spriteram[sprnum * 0x10]; int level = sprnum & 7; UINT8 clo, chi; UINT32 sum; /* perform the first ALU to see if we are within the scanline */ sum = y + (rambase[0] ^ 0xff); clo = (sum >> 8) & 1; sum += (y << 8) + ((rambase[1] ^ 0xff) << 8); chi = (sum >> 16) & 1; /* the AND of the low carry and the inverse of the high carry clocks an enable bit */ /* for this sprite; note that the logic in the Turbo schematics is reversed here */ if (clo & (chi ^ 1)) { int xscale = rambase[2] ^ 0xff; int yscale = rambase[3];// ^ 0xff; UINT16 offset = rambase[6] + (rambase[7] << 8); int offs; /* mark this entry enabled */ info->ve |= 1 << sprnum; /* look up the low byte of the sum plus the yscale value in */ /* IC50/PR1119 to determine if we write back the sum of the */ /* offset and the rowbytes this scanline (p. 138) */ offs = (sum & 0xff) | /* A0-A7 = AL0-AL7 */ ((yscale & 0x08) << 5); /* A8-A9 = /RO11-/RO12 */ /* one of the bits is selected based on the low 7 bits of yscale */ if (!((pr1119[offs] >> (yscale & 0x07)) & 1)) { offset += rambase[4] + (rambase[5] << 8); rambase[6] = offset; rambase[7] = offset >> 8; } /* the output of the ALU here goes to the individual level counter */ info->latched[level] = 0; info->plb[level] = 0; info->offset[level] = offset; info->frac[level] = 0; /* actual pots read from one board: VR1 = 310 Ohm VR2 = 910 Ohm */ info->step[level] = sprite_xscale(xscale, 1.0e3 * input_port_read(machine, "VR1") / 100.0, 1.0e3 * input_port_read(machine, "VR2") / 100.0, 100e-12); } } } static UINT32 turbo_get_sprite_bits(running_machine &machine, UINT8 road, sprite_info *sprinfo) { const UINT8 *sprite_gfxdata = machine.region("gfx1")->base(); UINT8 sprlive = sprinfo->lst; UINT32 sprdata = 0; int level; /* if we haven't left the road yet, sprites 3-7 are disabled */ if (!road) sprlive &= 0x07; /* loop over all live levels */ for (level = 0; level < 8; level++) if (sprlive & (1 << level)) { /* latch the data and advance the offset */ sprdata |= sprinfo->latched[level]; sprinfo->frac[level] += sprinfo->step[level]; /* if we're live and we've clocked more data, advance */ while (sprinfo->frac[level] >= 0x1000000) { UINT16 offs = sprinfo->offset[level]; UINT8 pixdata; /* bit 0 controls which half of the byte to use */ /* bits 1-13 go to address lines */ /* bit 14 selects which of the two ROMs to read from */ pixdata = sprite_gfxdata[(level << 14) | ((offs >> 1) & 0x3fff)] >> ((~offs & 1) * 4); sprinfo->latched[level] = sprite_expand[pixdata & 0x0f] << level; /* if bit 3 is 0 and bit 2 is 1, the enable flip/flip is reset */ if ((pixdata & 0x0c) == 0x04) { sprinfo->lst &= ~(1 << level); sprlive &= ~(1 << level); } /* if bit 15 is set, we decrement instead of increment */ sprinfo->offset[level] += (offs & 0x8000) ? -1 : 1; sprinfo->frac[level] -= 0x1000000; } } return sprdata; } /************************************* * * Turbo video update * *************************************/ SCREEN_UPDATE( turbo ) { turbo_state *state = screen->machine().driver_data(); bitmap_t *fgpixmap = tilemap_get_pixmap(state->m_fg_tilemap); const UINT8 *road_gfxdata = screen->machine().region("gfx3")->base(); const UINT8 *prom_base = screen->machine().region("proms")->base(); const UINT8 *pr1114 = prom_base + 0x000; const UINT8 *pr1115 = prom_base + 0x020; const UINT8 *pr1116 = prom_base + 0x040; const UINT8 *pr1117 = prom_base + 0x060; const UINT8 *pr1118 = prom_base + 0x100; const UINT8 *pr1121 = prom_base + 0x600; const UINT8 *pr1122 = prom_base + 0x800; const UINT8 *pr1123 = prom_base + 0xc00; int x, y; /* loop over rows */ for (y = cliprect->min_y; y <= cliprect->max_y; y++) { const UINT16 *fore = (UINT16 *)fgpixmap->base + y * fgpixmap->rowpixels; UINT16 *dest = (UINT16 *)bitmap->base + y * bitmap->rowpixels; int sel, coch, babit, slipar_acciar, area, offs, areatmp, road = 0; sprite_info sprinfo; /* compute the Y sum between opa and the current scanline (p. 141) */ int va = (y + state->m_turbo_opa) & 0xff; /* the upper bit of OPC inverts the road (p. 141) */ if (!(state->m_turbo_opc & 0x80)) va ^= 0xff; /* compute the sprite information; we use y-1 since this info was computed during HBLANK */ /* on the previous scanline */ turbo_prepare_sprites(screen->machine(), state, y, &sprinfo); /* loop over columns */ for (x = 0; x <= cliprect->max_x; x += TURBO_X_SCALE) { int bacol, red, grn, blu, priority, foreraw, forebits, mx, ix; int xx = x / TURBO_X_SCALE; UINT8 carry; UINT32 sprbits; UINT16 he; /* load the bitmask from the sprite position for both halves of the sprites (p. 139) */ he = state->m_sprite_position[xx] | (state->m_sprite_position[xx + 0x100] << 8); /* the AND of the line enable and horizontal enable is clocked and held in LST0-7 (p. 143) */ he &= sprinfo.ve; sprinfo.lst |= he | (he >> 8); /* compute the X sum between opb and the current column; only the carry matters (p. 141) */ carry = (xx + state->m_turbo_opb) >> 8; /* the carry selects which inputs to use (p. 141) */ if (carry) { sel = state->m_turbo_ipb; coch = state->m_turbo_ipc >> 4; } else { sel = state->m_turbo_ipa; coch = state->m_turbo_ipc & 15; } /* look up AREA1 and AREA2 (p. 142) */ offs = va | /* A0- A7 = VA0-VA7 */ ((sel & 0x0f) << 8); /* A8-A11 = SEL0-3 */ areatmp = road_gfxdata[0x0000 | offs]; areatmp = ((areatmp + xx) >> 8) & 0x01; area = areatmp << 0; areatmp = road_gfxdata[0x1000 | offs]; areatmp = ((areatmp + xx) >> 8) & 0x01; area |= areatmp << 1; /* look up AREA3 and AREA4 (p. 142) */ offs = va | /* A0- A7 = VA0-VA7 */ ((sel & 0xf0) << 4); /* A8-A11 = SEL4-7 */ areatmp = road_gfxdata[0x2000 | offs]; areatmp = ((areatmp + xx) >> 8) & 0x01; area |= areatmp << 2; areatmp = road_gfxdata[0x3000 | offs]; areatmp = ((areatmp + xx) >> 8) & 0x01; area |= areatmp << 3; /* look up AREA5 (p. 141) */ offs = (xx >> 3) | /* A0- A4 = H3-H7 */ ((state->m_turbo_opc & 0x3f) << 5); /* A5-A10 = OPC0-5 */ areatmp = road_gfxdata[0x4000 | offs]; areatmp = (areatmp << (xx & 7)) & 0x80; area |= areatmp >> 3; /* compute the final area value and look it up in IC18/PR1115 (p. 144) */ /* note: SLIPAR is 0 on the road surface only */ /* ACCIAR is 0 on the road surface and the striped edges only */ babit = pr1115[area]; slipar_acciar = babit & 0x30; if (!road && (slipar_acciar & 0x20)) road = 1; /* also use the coch value to look up color info in IC13/PR1114 and IC21/PR1117 (p. 144) */ offs = (coch & 0x0f) | /* A0-A3: CONT0-3 = COCH0-3 */ ((state->m_turbo_fbcol & 0x01) << 4); /* A4: COL0 */ bacol = pr1114[offs] | (pr1117[offs] << 8); /* at this point, do the character lookup; due to the shift register loading in */ /* the sync PROM, we latch character 0 during pixel 6 and start clocking in pixel */ /* 8, effectively shifting the display by 8; at pixel 0x108, the color latch is */ /* forced clear and isn't touched until the next shift register load */ foreraw = (xx < 8 || xx >= 0x108) ? 0 : fore[xx - 8]; /* perform the foreground color table lookup in IC99/PR1118 (p. 137) */ forebits = pr1118[foreraw]; /* now that we have done all the per-5MHz pixel work, mix the sprites at the scale factor */ for (ix = 0; ix < TURBO_X_SCALE; ix++) { /* iterate over live sprites and update them */ /* the final 32-bit value is: */ /* CDB0-7 = D0 -D7 */ /* CDG0-7 = D8 -D15 */ /* CDR0-7 = D16-D23 */ /* PLB0-7 = D24-D31 */ sprbits = turbo_get_sprite_bits(screen->machine(), road, &sprinfo); /* perform collision detection here via lookup in IC20/PR1116 (p. 144) */ state->m_turbo_collision |= pr1116[((sprbits >> 24) & 7) | (slipar_acciar >> 1)]; /* look up the sprite priority in IC11/PR1122 (p. 144) */ priority = ((sprbits & 0xfe000000) >> 25) | /* A0-A6: PLB1-7 */ ((state->m_turbo_fbpla & 0x07) << 7); /* A7-A9: PLA0-2 */ priority = pr1122[priority]; /* use that to look up the overall priority in IC12/PR1123 (p. 144) */ mx = (priority & 7) | /* A0-A2: PR-1122 output, bits 0-2 */ ((sprbits & 0x01000000) >> 21) | /* A3: PLB0 */ ((foreraw & 0x80) >> 3) | /* A4: PLBE */ ((forebits & 0x08) << 2) | /* A5: PLBF */ ((babit & 0x07) << 6) | /* A6-A8: BABIT1-3 */ ((state->m_turbo_fbpla & 0x08) << 6); /* A9: PLA3 */ mx = pr1123[mx]; /* the MX output selects one of 16 inputs; build up a 16-bit pattern to match */ /* these in red, green, and blue (p. 144) */ red = ((sprbits & 0x0000ff) >> 0) | /* D0- D7: CDR0-CDR7 */ ((forebits & 0x01) << 8) | /* D8: CDRF */ ((bacol & 0x001f) << 9) | /* D9-D13: BAR0-BAR4 */ (1 << 14) | /* D14: 1 */ (0 << 15); /* D15: 0 */ grn = ((sprbits & 0x00ff00) >> 8) | /* D0- D7: CDG0-CDG7 */ ((forebits & 0x02) << 7) | /* D8: CDGF */ ((bacol & 0x03e0) << 4) | /* D9-D13: BAG0-BAG4 */ (1 << 14) | /* D14: 1 */ (0 << 15); /* D15: 0 */ blu = ((sprbits & 0xff0000) >> 16) | /* D0- D7: CDB0-CDB7 */ ((forebits & 0x04) << 6) | /* D8: CDBF */ ((bacol & 0x7c00) >> 1) | /* D9-D13: BAB0-BAB4 */ (1 << 14) | /* D14: 1 */ (0 << 15); /* D15: 0 */ /* we then go through a muxer to select one of the 16 outputs computed above (p. 144) */ offs = mx | /* A0-A3: MX0-MX3 */ (((~red >> mx) & 1) << 4) | /* A4: CDR */ (((~grn >> mx) & 1) << 5) | /* A5: CDG */ (((~blu >> mx) & 1) << 6) | /* A6: CDB */ ((state->m_turbo_fbcol & 6) << 6); /* A7-A8: COL1-2 */ dest[x + ix] = pr1121[offs]; } } } return 0; } /************************************* * * Subroc 3D sprite handling * *************************************/ /* Sprite state machine: 1LINE = 0 (V & 0x108 == 0x108) --------- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 20 21 21 20 20 21 21 20 20 05 25 2c 07 e7 37 22 _____ _____ _____ ________ RAD0 = ___| |_____| |_____| |__| |___ ___________ RAD7 = ____________________________________| | _________________ YCULL= ___________________________| |___ __ AX = _________________________________| |____________ __ D/A = __________________________________________| |___ ___________________________ _____ _________ /CLK1= |__| |__| __ WRPL = _______________________________________| |______ __ /CLK2= _______________________________________| |______ 1LINE = 1 (V & 0x108 != 0x108) --------- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 2c 2c 2c 2f 2f 2f 2f 20 2d 2d 2d 2d 0f 6f 2f 20 ___________ ____________________ RAD0 = _________| |__| |___ ___________ ________ RAD7 = _________| |______________| |___ _____________________ ____________________ YCULL= |__| |___ _____________________ ____________________ AX = |__| |___ D/A = _________________________________________________ ____________________________________ _________ /CLK1= |__| __ WRPL = _______________________________________| |______ /CLK2= _________________________________________________ */ static void subroc3d_prepare_sprites(running_machine &machine, turbo_state *state, UINT8 y, sprite_info *info) { const UINT8 *pr1449 = machine.region("proms")->base() + 0x300; int sprnum; /* initialize the line enable signals to 0 */ info->ve = 0; info->lst = 0; /* compute the sprite information, which was done on the previous scanline during HBLANK */ for (sprnum = 0; sprnum < 16; sprnum++) { UINT8 *rambase = &state->m_spriteram[sprnum * 8]; int level = sprnum & 7; UINT8 clo, chi; UINT32 sum; /* perform the first ALU to see if we are within the scanline */ sum = y + (rambase[0]/* ^ 0xff*/); clo = (sum >> 8) & 1; sum += (y << 8) + ((rambase[1]/* ^ 0xff*/) << 8); chi = (sum >> 16) & 1; /* the AND of the low carry and the inverse of the high carry clocks an enable bit */ /* for this sprite; note that the logic in the Turbo schematics is reversed here */ if (clo & (chi ^ 1)) { int xscale = rambase[2] ^ 0xff; int yscale = rambase[3];// ^ 0xff; UINT16 offset = rambase[6] + (rambase[7] << 8); int offs; /* mark this entry enabled */ info->ve |= 1 << sprnum; /* look up the low byte of the sum plus the yscale value in */ /* IC50/PR1119 to determine if we write back the sum of the */ /* offset and the rowbytes this scanline (p. 138) */ offs = (sum & 0xff) | /* A0-A7 = AL0-AL7 */ ((yscale & 0x08) << 5); /* A8-A9 = /RO11-/RO12 */ /* one of the bits is selected based on the low 7 bits of yscale */ if (!((pr1449[offs] >> (yscale & 0x07)) & 1)) { offset += rambase[4] + (rambase[5] << 8); rambase[6] = offset; rambase[7] = offset >> 8; } /* the output of the ALU here goes to the individual level counter */ info->latched[level] = 0; info->plb[level] = 0; info->offset[level] = offset << 1; info->frac[level] = 0; info->step[level] = sprite_xscale(xscale, 1.2e3, 1.2e3, 220e-12); } } } static UINT32 subroc3d_get_sprite_bits(running_machine &machine, sprite_info *sprinfo, UINT8 *plb) { /* see logic on each sprite: END = (CDA == 1 && (CDA ^ CDB) == 0 && (CDC ^ CDD) == 0) PLB = END ^ (CDA == 1 && (CDC ^ CDD) == 0) end is in bit 1, plb in bit 0 */ static const UINT8 plb_end[16] = { 0,1,1,2, 1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1, 0,1,1,2 }; const UINT8 *sprite_gfxdata = machine.region("gfx1")->base(); UINT32 sprdata = 0; int level; *plb = 0; /* loop over all live levels */ for (level = 0; level < 8; level++) if (sprinfo->lst & (1 << level)) { /* latch the data and advance the offset */ sprdata |= sprinfo->latched[level]; *plb |= sprinfo->plb[level]; sprinfo->frac[level] += sprinfo->step[level]; /* if we're live and we've clocked more data, advance */ while (sprinfo->frac[level] >= 0x800000) { UINT32 offs = sprinfo->offset[level]; UINT8 pixdata; /* bit 0 controls which half of the byte to use */ /* bits 1-13 go to address lines */ /* bit 14 selects which of the two ROMs to read from */ pixdata = sprite_gfxdata[(level << 15) | ((offs >> 1) & 0x7fff)] >> ((~offs & 1) * 4); sprinfo->latched[level] = sprite_expand[pixdata & 0x0f] << level; sprinfo->plb[level] = (plb_end[pixdata & 0x0f] & 1) << level; /* if bit 3 is 0 and bit 2 is 1, the enable flip/flip is reset */ if (plb_end[pixdata & 0x0f] & 2) sprinfo->lst &= ~(1 << level); /* if bit 15 is set, we decrement instead of increment */ sprinfo->offset[level] += (offs & 0x10000) ? -1 : 1; sprinfo->frac[level] -= 0x800000; } } return sprdata; } /************************************* * * Subroc 3D video update * *************************************/ SCREEN_UPDATE( subroc3d ) { turbo_state *state = screen->machine().driver_data(); bitmap_t *fgpixmap = tilemap_get_pixmap(state->m_fg_tilemap); const UINT8 *prom_base = screen->machine().region("proms")->base(); const UINT8 *pr1419 = prom_base + 0x000; const UINT8 *pr1620 = prom_base + 0x200; const UINT8 *pr1450 = prom_base + 0x500; const UINT8 *pr1454 = prom_base + 0x920; int x, y; /* loop over rows */ for (y = cliprect->min_y; y <= cliprect->max_y; y++) { const UINT16 *fore = (UINT16 *)fgpixmap->base + y * fgpixmap->rowpixels; UINT16 *dest = (UINT16 *)bitmap->base + y * bitmap->rowpixels; sprite_info sprinfo; /* compute the sprite information; we use y-1 since this info was computed during HBLANK */ /* on the previous scanline */ subroc3d_prepare_sprites(screen->machine(), state, y, &sprinfo); /* loop over columns */ for (x = 0; x <= cliprect->max_x; x += TURBO_X_SCALE) { int offs, finalbits, ix; UINT8 xx = x / TURBO_X_SCALE; UINT8 foreraw, forebits, mux, cd, plb, mplb; UINT16 he; UINT32 sprbits; /* load the bitmask from the sprite position for both halves of the sprites (p. 143) */ he = state->m_sprite_position[xx * 2] | (state->m_sprite_position[xx * 2 + 1] << 8); /* the AND of the line enable and horizontal enable is clocked and held in LST0-7 (p. 143) */ he &= sprinfo.ve; sprinfo.lst |= he | (he >> 8); /* at this point, do the character lookup */ if (!state->m_subroc3d_flip) foreraw = fore[xx]; else foreraw = fore[(pr1454[(xx >> 3) & 0x1f] << 3) | (xx & 0x07)]; /* perform the foreground color table lookup in IC62/PR1620 (p. 141) */ forebits = pr1620[foreraw]; /* MPLB is set based on the high bit of the raw foreground data, as an OR over the output */ /* of the foreground color PROM */ mplb = (foreraw & 0x80) || ((forebits & 0x0f) == 0); /* now that we have done all the per-5MHz pixel work, mix the sprites at the scale factor */ for (ix = 0; ix < TURBO_X_SCALE; ix++) { /* iterate over live sprites and update them */ /* the final 32-bit value is: */ /* CDA0-7 = D0 -D7 */ /* CDB0-7 = D8 -D15 */ /* CDC0-7 = D16-D23 */ /* CDD0-7 = D24-D31 */ sprbits = subroc3d_get_sprite_bits(screen->machine(), &sprinfo, &plb); /* MUX0-3 is selected by PLY0-3 and the sprite enable bits, and is the output */ /* of IC21/PR1450 (p. 141), unless MPLB = 0, in which case the values are grounded (p. 141) */ if (mplb) { offs = (plb ^ 0xff) | /* A0-A7: /PLB0-7 */ ((state->m_subroc3d_ply & 0x02) << 7); /* A8: PLY1 */ mux = pr1450[offs] >> ((state->m_subroc3d_ply & 0x01) * 4); } else mux = 0; /* CD0-3 are selected from the sprite bits and MUX0-2 (p. 141) */ sprbits = (sprbits >> (mux & 0x07)) & 0x01010101; cd = (sprbits >> (24-3)) | (sprbits >> (16-2)) | (sprbits >> (8-1)) | sprbits; /* MUX3 selects either CD0-3 or the foreground output (p. 141) */ if (mux & 0x08) finalbits = cd; else finalbits = forebits; /* we then go through a muxer to select one of the 16 outputs computed above (p. 141) */ offs = (finalbits & 0x0f) | /* A0-A3: CD0-CD3 */ ((mux & 0x08) << 1) | /* A4: MUX3 */ (state->m_subroc3d_col << 5); /* A5-A8: COL0-COL3 */ dest[x + ix] = pr1419[offs]; } } } return 0; } /************************************* * * Buck Rogers sprite handling * *************************************/ static void buckrog_prepare_sprites(running_machine &machine, turbo_state *state, UINT8 y, sprite_info *info) { const UINT8 *pr5196 = machine.region("proms")->base() + 0x100; int sprnum; /* initialize the line enable signals to 0 */ info->ve = 0; info->lst = 0; /* compute the sprite information, which was done on the previous scanline during HBLANK */ for (sprnum = 0; sprnum < 16; sprnum++) { UINT8 *rambase = &state->m_spriteram[sprnum * 8]; int level = sprnum & 7; UINT8 clo, chi; UINT32 sum; /* perform the first ALU to see if we are within the scanline */ sum = y + (rambase[0]/* ^ 0xff*/); clo = (sum >> 8) & 1; sum += (y << 8) + ((rambase[1]/* ^ 0xff*/) << 8); chi = (sum >> 16) & 1; /* the AND of the low carry and the inverse of the high carry clocks an enable bit */ /* for this sprite; note that the logic in the Turbo schematics is reversed here */ if (clo & (chi ^ 1)) { int xscale = rambase[2] ^ 0xff; int yscale = rambase[3];// ^ 0xff; UINT16 offset = rambase[6] + (rambase[7] << 8); int offs; /* mark this entry enabled */ info->ve |= 1 << sprnum; /* look up the low byte of the sum plus the yscale value in */ /* IC50/PR1119 to determine if we write back the sum of the */ /* offset and the rowbytes this scanline (p. 138) */ offs = (sum & 0xff) | /* A0-A7 = AL0-AL7 */ ((yscale & 0x08) << 5); /* A8-A9 = /RO11-/RO12 */ /* one of the bits is selected based on the low 7 bits of yscale */ if (!((pr5196[offs] >> (yscale & 0x07)) & 1)) { offset += rambase[4] + (rambase[5] << 8); rambase[6] = offset; rambase[7] = offset >> 8; } /* the output of the ALU here goes to the individual level counter */ info->latched[level] = 0; info->plb[level] = 0; info->offset[level] = offset << 1; info->frac[level] = 0; /* 820 verified in schematics */ info->step[level] = sprite_xscale(xscale, 1.2e3, 820, 220e-12); } } } static UINT32 buckrog_get_sprite_bits(running_machine &machine, sprite_info *sprinfo, UINT8 *plb) { /* see logic on each sprite: END = (CDA == 1 && (CDA ^ CDB) == 0 && (CDC ^ CDD) == 0) PLB = END ^ (CDA == 1 && (CDC ^ CDD) == 0) end is in bit 1, plb in bit 0 */ static const UINT8 plb_end[16] = { 0,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,1, 1,1,1,2 }; const UINT8 *sprite_gfxdata = machine.region("gfx1")->base(); UINT32 sprdata = 0; int level; *plb = 0; /* loop over all live levels */ for (level = 0; level < 8; level++) if (sprinfo->lst & (1 << level)) { /* latch the data and advance the offset */ sprdata |= sprinfo->latched[level]; *plb |= sprinfo->plb[level]; sprinfo->frac[level] += sprinfo->step[level]; /* if we're live and we've clocked more data, advance */ while (sprinfo->frac[level] >= 0x800000) { UINT32 offs = sprinfo->offset[level]; UINT8 pixdata; /* bit 0 controls which half of the byte to use */ /* bits 1-13 go to address lines */ /* bit 14 selects which of the two ROMs to read from */ pixdata = sprite_gfxdata[(level << 15) | ((offs >> 1) & 0x7fff)] >> ((~offs & 1) * 4); sprinfo->latched[level] = sprite_expand[pixdata & 0x0f] << level; sprinfo->plb[level] = (plb_end[pixdata & 0x0f] & 1) << level; /* if bit 3 is 0 and bit 2 is 1, the enable flip/flip is reset */ if (plb_end[pixdata & 0x0f] & 2) sprinfo->lst &= ~(1 << level); /* if bit 15 is set, we decrement instead of increment */ sprinfo->offset[level] += (offs & 0x10000) ? -1 : 1; sprinfo->frac[level] -= 0x800000; } } return sprdata; } /************************************* * * Buck Rogers video update * *************************************/ SCREEN_UPDATE( buckrog ) { turbo_state *state = screen->machine().driver_data(); bitmap_t *fgpixmap = tilemap_get_pixmap(state->m_fg_tilemap); const UINT8 *bgcolor = screen->machine().region("gfx3")->base(); const UINT8 *prom_base = screen->machine().region("proms")->base(); const UINT8 *pr5194 = prom_base + 0x000; const UINT8 *pr5198 = prom_base + 0x500; const UINT8 *pr5199 = prom_base + 0x700; int x, y; /* loop over rows */ for (y = cliprect->min_y; y <= cliprect->max_y; y++) { const UINT16 *fore = (UINT16 *)fgpixmap->base + y * fgpixmap->rowpixels; UINT16 *dest = (UINT16 *)bitmap->base + y * bitmap->rowpixels; sprite_info sprinfo; /* compute the sprite information; we use y-1 since this info was computed during HBLANK */ /* on the previous scanline */ buckrog_prepare_sprites(screen->machine(), state, y, &sprinfo); /* loop over columns */ for (x = 0; x <= cliprect->max_x; x += TURBO_X_SCALE) { UINT8 foreraw, forebits, cd, plb, star, mux; UINT8 xx = x / TURBO_X_SCALE; UINT16 he; UINT32 sprbits; int palbits, offs, ix; /* load the bitmask from the sprite position for both halves of the sprites (p. 143) */ he = state->m_sprite_position[xx * 2] | (state->m_sprite_position[xx * 2 + 1] << 8); /* the AND of the line enable and horizontal enable is clocked and held in LST0-7 (p. 143) */ he &= sprinfo.ve; sprinfo.lst |= he | (he >> 8); /* at this point, do the character lookup and the foreground color table lookup in IC93/PR1598 (SH 5/5)*/ foreraw = fore[(pr5194[((xx >> 3) - 1) & 0x1f] << 3) | (xx & 0x07)]; offs = ((foreraw & 0x03) << 0) | /* A0-A1: BIT0-1 */ ((foreraw & 0xf8) >> 1) | /* A2-A6: BANK3-7 */ ((state->m_buckrog_fchg & 0x03) << 7); /* A7-A9: FCHG0-2 */ forebits = pr5198[offs]; /* fetch the STAR bit */ star = state->m_buckrog_bitmap_ram[y * 256 + xx]; /* now that we have done all the per-5MHz pixel work, mix the sprites at the scale factor */ for (ix = 0; ix < TURBO_X_SCALE; ix++) { /* iterate over live sprites and update them */ /* the final 32-bit value is: */ /* CDA0-7 = D0 -D7 */ /* CDB0-7 = D8 -D15 */ /* CDC0-7 = D16-D23 */ /* CDD0-7 = D24-D31 */ sprbits = buckrog_get_sprite_bits(screen->machine(), &sprinfo, &plb); /* the PLB bits go into an LS148 8-to-1 decoder and become MUX0-3 (PROM board SH 2/10) */ if (plb == 0) mux = 8; else { mux = 7; while (!(plb & 0x80)) { mux--; plb <<= 1; } } /* MUX then selects one of the sprites and selects CD0-3 */ sprbits = (sprbits >> (mux & 0x07)) & 0x01010101; cd = (sprbits >> (24-3)) | (sprbits >> (16-2)) | (sprbits >> (8-1)) | sprbits; /* this info goes into an LS148 8-to-3 decoder to determine the priorities (SH 5/5) */ /* priority 7 is if bit 0x80 of the foreground color is 0; CHNG = 0 */ if (!(forebits & 0x80)) { palbits = ((forebits & 0x3c) << 2) | ((forebits & 0x06) << 1) | ((forebits & 0x01) << 0); } /* priority 6 is if MUX3 is 0; CHNG = 1 */ else if (!(mux & 0x08)) { offs = (cd & 0x0f) | /* A0-A3: CD0-3 */ ((mux & 0x07) << 4) | /* A4-A6: MUX0-2 */ ((state->m_buckrog_obch & 0x07) << 7); /* A7-A9: OBCH0-2 */ palbits = pr5199[offs]; } /* priority 3 is if bit 0x40 of the foreground color is 0; CHNG = 0 */ else if (!(forebits & 0x40)) { palbits = ((forebits & 0x3c) << 2) | ((forebits & 0x06) << 1) | ((forebits & 0x01) << 0); } /* priority 1 is if the star is set; CHNG = 2 */ else if (star) { palbits = 0xff; } /* otherwise, CHNG = 3 */ else { palbits = bgcolor[y | ((state->m_buckrog_mov & 0x1f) << 8)]; palbits = (palbits & 0xc0) | ((palbits & 0x30) << 4) | ((palbits & 0x0f) << 2); } /* store the final bits for this pixel */ dest[x + ix] = palbits; } } } return 0; }