// license:GPL-2.0+ // copyright-holders:Juergen Buchmueller /****************************************************************************** kim1.cpp - KIM-1 LED: six 7-segment LEDs left 4 digits (address) right 2 digits (data) Keyboard: 23 keys and SST switch 0-F 16 keys to enter data AD address entry mode DA data entry mode + increment address PC recalls address stored in the Program Counter RS system reset GO execute program ST program stop SST single step slide switch How to use cassette: 00F1 00 to clear decimal mode 17F5-17F6 start address low and high 17F7-17F8 end address low and high 17F9 2 digit program ID 1800 press GO to save tape 1873 press GO to load tape NOTE: save end address is next address from program end The cassette interface ====================== The KIM-1 stores data on cassette using 2 frequencies: ~3700Hz (high) and ~2400Hz (low). A high tone is output for 9 cycles and a low tone for 6 cycles. A logic bit is encoded using 3 sequences of high and low tones. It always starts with a high tone and ends with a low tone. The middle tone is high for a logic 0 and low for 0 logic 1. These high and low tone signals are fed to a circuit containing a LM565 PLL and a 311 comparator. For a high tone a 1 is passed to DB7 of 6530-U2 for a low tone a 0 is passed. The KIM-1 software measures the time it takes for the signal to change from 1 to 0. Keyboard and Display logic ========================== PA0-PA6 of 6530-U2 are connected to the columns of the keyboard matrix. These columns are also connected to segments A-G of the LEDs. PB1-PB3 of 6530-U2 are connected to a 74145 BCD which connects outputs 0-2 to the rows of the keyboard matrix. Outputs 4-9 of the 74145 are connected to LEDs U18-U23 When a key is pressed the corresponding input to PA0-PA6 is set low and the KIM-1 software reads this signal. The KIM-1 software sends an output signal to PA0-PA6 and the corresponding segments of an LED are illuminated. TODO: - LEDs should be dark at startup (RS key to activate) - hook up Single Step dip switch - slots for expansion & application ports - add TTY support ******************************************************************************/ #include "emu.h" #include "includes/kim1.h" #include "speaker.h" #include "kim1.lh" //************************************************************************** // ADDRESS MAPS //************************************************************************** void kim1_state::kim1_map(address_map &map) { map(0x0000, 0x03ff).mirror(0xe000).ram(); map(0x1700, 0x173f).mirror(0xe000).rw("miot_u3", FUNC(mos6530_device::read), FUNC(mos6530_device::write)); map(0x1740, 0x177f).mirror(0xe000).rw(m_riot2, FUNC(mos6530_device::read), FUNC(mos6530_device::write)); map(0x1780, 0x17bf).mirror(0xe000).ram(); map(0x17c0, 0x17ff).mirror(0xe000).ram(); map(0x1800, 0x1bff).mirror(0xe000).rom(); map(0x1c00, 0x1fff).mirror(0xe000).rom(); } // RS and ST key input INPUT_CHANGED_MEMBER(kim1_state::trigger_reset) { m_maincpu->set_input_line(INPUT_LINE_RESET, newval ? CLEAR_LINE : ASSERT_LINE); } INPUT_CHANGED_MEMBER(kim1_state::trigger_nmi) { m_maincpu->set_input_line(INPUT_LINE_NMI, newval ? CLEAR_LINE : ASSERT_LINE); } //************************************************************************** // INPUT PORTS //************************************************************************** static INPUT_PORTS_START( kim1 ) PORT_START("ROW0") PORT_BIT( 0x80, 0x00, IPT_UNUSED ) PORT_BIT( 0x40, 0x40, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("0") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_0) PORT_CHAR('0') PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_0_PAD) PORT_BIT( 0x20, 0x20, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("1") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_1) PORT_CHAR('1') PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_1_PAD) PORT_BIT( 0x10, 0x10, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("2") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_2) PORT_CHAR('2') PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_2_PAD) PORT_BIT( 0x08, 0x08, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("3") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_3) PORT_CHAR('3') PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_3_PAD) PORT_BIT( 0x04, 0x04, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("4") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_4) PORT_CHAR('4') PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_4_PAD) PORT_BIT( 0x02, 0x02, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("5") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_5) PORT_CHAR('5') PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_5_PAD) PORT_BIT( 0x01, 0x01, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("6") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_6) PORT_CHAR('6') PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_6_PAD) PORT_START("ROW1") PORT_BIT( 0x80, 0x00, IPT_UNUSED ) PORT_BIT( 0x40, 0x40, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("7") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_7) PORT_CHAR('7') PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_7_PAD) PORT_BIT( 0x20, 0x20, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("8") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_8) PORT_CHAR('8') PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_8_PAD) PORT_BIT( 0x10, 0x10, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("9") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_9) PORT_CHAR('9') PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_9_PAD) PORT_BIT( 0x08, 0x08, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("A") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_A) PORT_CHAR('A') PORT_BIT( 0x04, 0x04, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("B") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_B) PORT_CHAR('B') PORT_BIT( 0x02, 0x02, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("C") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_C) PORT_CHAR('C') PORT_BIT( 0x01, 0x01, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("D") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_D) PORT_CHAR('D') PORT_START("ROW2") PORT_BIT( 0x80, 0x00, IPT_UNUSED ) PORT_BIT( 0x40, 0x40, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("E") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_E) PORT_CHAR('E') PORT_BIT( 0x20, 0x20, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("F") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_F) PORT_CHAR('F') PORT_BIT( 0x10, 0x10, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("AD") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_MINUS) PORT_CHAR('-') PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_MINUS_PAD) PORT_BIT( 0x08, 0x08, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("DA") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_EQUALS) PORT_CHAR('=') PORT_BIT( 0x04, 0x04, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("+") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_UP) PORT_CHAR(' ') PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_PLUS_PAD) PORT_BIT( 0x02, 0x02, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("GO") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_ENTER) PORT_CHAR(13) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_ENTER_PAD) PORT_BIT( 0x01, 0x01, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("PC") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_F6) PORT_START("SPECIAL") PORT_BIT( 0x80, 0x00, IPT_UNUSED ) PORT_BIT( 0x40, 0x40, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("sw1: ST") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_F7) PORT_CHANGED_MEMBER(DEVICE_SELF, kim1_state, trigger_nmi, 0) PORT_BIT( 0x20, 0x20, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("sw2: RS") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_F3) PORT_CHANGED_MEMBER(DEVICE_SELF, kim1_state, trigger_reset, 0) PORT_DIPNAME(0x10, 0x10, "sw3: SS") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_NUMLOCK) PORT_TOGGLE PORT_DIPSETTING( 0x00, "single step") PORT_DIPSETTING( 0x10, "run") PORT_BIT( 0x08, 0x00, IPT_UNUSED ) PORT_BIT( 0x04, 0x00, IPT_UNUSED ) PORT_BIT( 0x02, 0x00, IPT_UNUSED ) PORT_BIT( 0x01, 0x00, IPT_UNUSED ) INPUT_PORTS_END // Read from keyboard READ8_MEMBER( kim1_state::kim1_u2_read_a ) { uint8_t data = 0xff; offs_t const sel = ( m_u2_port_b >> 1 ) & 0x0f; if ( 3U > sel ) data = m_row[sel]->read(); return data; } // Write to 7-Segment LEDs WRITE8_MEMBER( kim1_state::kim1_u2_write_a ) { uint8_t idx = ( m_u2_port_b >> 1 ) & 0x0f; if ( idx >= 4 && idx < 10 ) { if ( data & 0x80 ) { m_digit[idx - 4] = data & 0x7f; m_led_time[idx - 4] = 15; } } } // Load from cassette READ8_MEMBER( kim1_state::kim1_u2_read_b ) { if ( m_riot2->portb_out_get() & 0x20 ) return 0xFF; return 0x7F | ( m_311_output ^ 0x80 ); } // Save to cassette WRITE8_MEMBER( kim1_state::kim1_u2_write_b ) { m_u2_port_b = data; if ( data & 0x20 ) /* cassette write/speaker update */ m_cass->output(( data & 0x80 ) ? -1.0 : 1.0 ); /* Set IRQ when bit 7 is cleared */ } TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(kim1_state::kim1_cassette_input) { double tap_val = m_cass->input(); if ( tap_val <= 0 ) { if ( m_cassette_high_count ) { m_311_output = ( m_cassette_high_count < 8 ) ? 0x80 : 0; m_cassette_high_count = 0; } } if ( tap_val > 0 ) m_cassette_high_count++; } // Blank LEDs during cassette operations TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(kim1_state::kim1_update_leds) { uint8_t i; for ( i = 0; i < 6; i++ ) { if ( m_led_time[i] ) m_led_time[i]--; else m_digit[i] = 0; } } // Register for save states void kim1_state::machine_start() { m_digit.resolve(); save_item(NAME(m_u2_port_b)); save_item(NAME(m_311_output)); save_item(NAME(m_cassette_high_count)); } void kim1_state::machine_reset() { uint8_t i; for ( i = 0; i < 6; i++ ) m_led_time[i] = 0; m_311_output = 0; m_cassette_high_count = 0; } //************************************************************************** // MACHINE DRIVERS //************************************************************************** void kim1_state::kim1(machine_config &config) { // basic machine hardware M6502(config, m_maincpu, 1000000); /* 1 MHz */ m_maincpu->set_addrmap(AS_PROGRAM, &kim1_state::kim1_map); config.set_maximum_quantum(attotime::from_hz(60)); // video hardware config.set_default_layout(layout_kim1); SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center(); // devices MOS6530(config, m_riot2, 1000000); m_riot2->in_pa_callback().set(FUNC(kim1_state::kim1_u2_read_a)); m_riot2->out_pa_callback().set(FUNC(kim1_state::kim1_u2_write_a)); m_riot2->in_pb_callback().set(FUNC(kim1_state::kim1_u2_read_b)); m_riot2->out_pb_callback().set(FUNC(kim1_state::kim1_u2_write_b)); MOS6530(config, "miot_u3", 1000000); CASSETTE(config, m_cass); m_cass->set_formats(kim1_cassette_formats); m_cass->set_default_state(CASSETTE_STOPPED); m_cass->add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.05); m_cass->set_interface ("kim1_cass"); TIMER(config, "led_timer").configure_periodic(FUNC(kim1_state::kim1_update_leds), attotime::from_hz(60)); TIMER(config, "cassette_timer").configure_periodic(FUNC(kim1_state::kim1_cassette_input), attotime::from_hz(44100)); // software list SOFTWARE_LIST(config, "cass_list").set_original("kim1_cass"); } //************************************************************************** // ROM DEFINITIONS //************************************************************************** ROM_START(kim1) ROM_REGION(0x10000,"maincpu",0) ROM_LOAD("6530-003.bin", 0x1800, 0x0400, CRC(a2a56502) SHA1(60b6e48f35fe4899e29166641bac3e81e3b9d220)) ROM_LOAD("6530-002.bin", 0x1c00, 0x0400, CRC(2b08e923) SHA1(054f7f6989af3a59462ffb0372b6f56f307b5362)) ROM_END //************************************************************************** // SYSTEM DRIVERS //************************************************************************** // YEAR NAME PARENT COMPAT MACHINE INPUT CLASS INIT COMPANY FULLNAME FLAGS COMP( 1975, kim1, 0, 0, kim1, kim1, kim1_state, empty_init, "MOS Technologies", "KIM-1", MACHINE_NO_SOUND_HW | MACHINE_SUPPORTS_SAVE)