// license:BSD-3-Clause // copyright-holders:Robbbert /*************************************************************************** Central Data 2650 Computer System 2010-04-08 Skeleton driver. No info available on this computer apart from a few newsletters and magazine articles. The computer was described in a series of articles published between April and June 1977 in Radio-Electronics, which include supposedly complete schematics and fairly detailed subsystem descriptions. There is supposed to be a “Computer System Manual” with definitive revised schematics, but this has not been found yet. All signals to and from the 2650 board (including the built-in 300 baud Kansas City standard cassette tape interface) are passed through six ribbon cables. Central Data later produced an “extender board” that adapted the bus signals to a S-100 backplane. This interface was missing a considerable number of standard S-100 timing signals, though it was compatible at least with some dynamic RAM boards released by the company. The unusual XTAL frequency seems deliberately chosen to produce a vertical sync rate of exactly 60 Hz. The system only uses 1000-14FF for videoram and 17F0-17FF for scratch ram. All other ram is optional. Commands (must be in uppercase): A Examine memory; press C to alter memory B Set breakpoint C Clear unused breakpoint D Dump to cassette (must save each block separately, then an empty block) E Execute I Inspect Registers after breakpoint L Load from cassette R Turn on cassette motor V Verify cassette vs memory Press Esc to exit most commands. TODO - Cassette doesn't work. Saving is ok because the data can be loaded onto the Super-80, but this system has great difficulty loading its own programs. ****************************************************************************/ #define CHARACTER_WIDTH 8 #define CHARACTER_HEIGHT 8 #define CHARACTER_LINES 12 #include "emu.h" #include "cpu/s2650/s2650.h" //#include "bus/s100/s100.h" #include "imagedev/cassette.h" #include "imagedev/snapquik.h" #include "machine/74259.h" #include "machine/keyboard.h" #include "machine/timer.h" #include "sound/beep.h" #include "emupal.h" #include "screen.h" #include "speaker.h" class cd2650_state : public driver_device { public: cd2650_state(const machine_config &mconfig, device_type type, const char *tag) : driver_device(mconfig, type, tag) , m_maincpu(*this, "maincpu") , m_p_videoram(*this, "videoram") , m_p_chargen(*this, "chargen") , m_cass(*this, "cassette") { } void cd2650(machine_config &config); private: void data_map(address_map &map); void io_map(address_map &map); void mem_map(address_map &map); u8 keyin_r(); void kbd_put(u8 data); DECLARE_WRITE_LINE_MEMBER(tape_deck_on_w); DECLARE_READ_LINE_MEMBER(cass_r); TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(kansas_w); TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(kansas_r); DECLARE_QUICKLOAD_LOAD_MEMBER(quickload_cb); u32 screen_update(screen_device &screen, bitmap_ind16 &bitmap, const rectangle &cliprect); u8 m_term_data; bool m_cassbit; bool m_cassold; u8 m_cass_data[4]; void machine_reset() override; void machine_start() override; required_device m_maincpu; required_shared_ptr m_p_videoram; required_region_ptr m_p_chargen; required_device m_cass; }; TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(cd2650_state::kansas_w) { m_cass_data[3]++; if (m_cassbit != m_cassold) { m_cass_data[3] = 0; m_cassold = m_cassbit; } if (m_cassbit) m_cass->output(BIT(m_cass_data[3], 0) ? -1.0 : +1.0); // 2400Hz else m_cass->output(BIT(m_cass_data[3], 1) ? -1.0 : +1.0); // 1200Hz } TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(cd2650_state::kansas_r) { /* cassette - turn 1200/2400Hz to a bit */ m_cass_data[1]++; u8 cass_ws = (m_cass->input() > +0.03) ? 1 : 0; if (cass_ws != m_cass_data[0]) { m_cass_data[0] = cass_ws; m_cass_data[2] = ((m_cass_data[1] < 12) ? 1 : 0); m_cass_data[1] = 0; } } WRITE_LINE_MEMBER(cd2650_state::tape_deck_on_w) { m_cass->change_state(state ? CASSETTE_MOTOR_ENABLED : CASSETTE_MOTOR_DISABLED, CASSETTE_MASK_MOTOR); } READ_LINE_MEMBER(cd2650_state::cass_r) { return m_cass_data[2]; } u8 cd2650_state::keyin_r() { u8 ret = m_term_data; m_term_data = ret | 0x80; return ret; } void cd2650_state::mem_map(address_map &map) { map.unmap_value_high(); map(0x0000, 0x0fff).rom().region("roms", 0); map(0x1000, 0x7fff).ram().share("videoram"); } void cd2650_state::io_map(address_map &map) { map.unmap_value_high(); //map(0x80, 0x84) disk i/o } void cd2650_state::data_map(address_map &map) { map(S2650_DATA_PORT, S2650_DATA_PORT).r(FUNC(cd2650_state::keyin_r)).w("outlatch", FUNC(f9334_device::write_nibble_d3)); } /* Input ports */ static INPUT_PORTS_START( cd2650 ) INPUT_PORTS_END void cd2650_state::machine_reset() { m_term_data = 0x80; } void cd2650_state::machine_start() { save_item(NAME(m_term_data)); save_item(NAME(m_cassbit)); save_item(NAME(m_cassold)); save_item(NAME(m_cass_data)); } u32 cd2650_state::screen_update(screen_device &screen, bitmap_ind16 &bitmap, const rectangle &cliprect) { /* The video is unusual in that the characters in each line are spaced at 16 bytes in memory, thus line 1 starts at 1000, line 2 at 1001, etc. There are 16 lines of 80 characters. Further, the letters have bit 6 set low, thus the range is 01 to 1A. When the bottom of the screen is reached, it does not scroll, it just wraps around. */ u8 y,ra,chr,gfx; u16 offset=0,sy=0,x,mem; for (y = 0; y < 16; y++) { for (ra = 0; ra < CHARACTER_LINES; ra++) { u16 *p = &bitmap.pix16(sy++); for (x = 0; x < 80; x++) { gfx = 0; if (ra < CHARACTER_HEIGHT) { mem = offset + y + (x<<4); if (mem > 0x4ff) mem -= 0x500; chr = m_p_videoram[mem] & 0x3f; gfx = m_p_chargen[(bitswap<8>(chr,7,6,2,1,0,3,4,5)<<3) | ra]; } /* Display a scanline of a character */ *p++ = BIT(gfx, 7); *p++ = BIT(gfx, 6); *p++ = BIT(gfx, 5); *p++ = BIT(gfx, 4); *p++ = BIT(gfx, 3); *p++ = BIT(gfx, 2); *p++ = BIT(gfx, 1); *p++ = BIT(gfx, 0); } } } return 0; } /* F4 Character Displayer */ static const gfx_layout cd2650_charlayout = { 8, 8, /* 8 x 8 characters */ 192, /* 64 characters in char.rom + 128 characters in char2.rom */ 1, /* 1 bits per pixel */ { 0 }, /* no bitplanes */ /* x offsets */ { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 }, /* y offsets */ { 0*8, 1*8, 2*8, 3*8, 4*8, 5*8, 6*8, 7*8 }, 8*8 /* every char takes 8 bytes */ }; static GFXDECODE_START( gfx_cd2650 ) GFXDECODE_ENTRY( "chargen", 0x0000, cd2650_charlayout, 0, 1 ) GFXDECODE_END void cd2650_state::kbd_put(u8 data) { if (data) m_term_data = data; } QUICKLOAD_LOAD_MEMBER(cd2650_state::quickload_cb) { int i; image_init_result result = image_init_result::FAIL; int quick_length = image.length(); if (quick_length < 0x1500) { image.seterror(IMAGE_ERROR_INVALIDIMAGE, "File too short"); image.message(" File too short"); } else if (quick_length > 0x8000) { image.seterror(IMAGE_ERROR_INVALIDIMAGE, "File too long"); image.message(" File too long"); } else { std::vector quick_data(quick_length); int read_ = image.fread( &quick_data[0], quick_length); if (read_ != quick_length) { image.seterror(IMAGE_ERROR_INVALIDIMAGE, "Cannot read the file"); image.message(" Cannot read the file"); } else if (quick_data[0] != 0x40) { image.seterror(IMAGE_ERROR_INVALIDIMAGE, "Invalid header"); image.message(" Invalid header"); } else { int exec_addr = quick_data[1] * 256 + quick_data[2]; if (exec_addr >= quick_length) { image.seterror(IMAGE_ERROR_INVALIDIMAGE, "Exec address beyond end of file"); image.message(" Exec address beyond end of file"); } else { // do not overwite system area (17E0-17FF) otherwise chess3 has problems read_ = 0x17e0; if (quick_length < 0x17e0) read_ = quick_length; for (i = 0x1500; i < read_; i++) m_p_videoram[i-0x1000] = quick_data[i]; if (quick_length > 0x17ff) for (i = 0x1800; i < quick_length; i++) m_p_videoram[i-0x1000] = quick_data[i]; /* display a message about the loaded quickload */ image.message(" Quickload: size=%04X : exec=%04X",quick_length,exec_addr); // Start the quickload m_maincpu->set_state_int(S2650_PC, exec_addr); result = image_init_result::PASS; } } } return result; } void cd2650_state::cd2650(machine_config &config) { /* basic machine hardware */ S2650(config, m_maincpu, XTAL(14'192'640) / 12); // 1.182720MHz according to RE schematic m_maincpu->set_addrmap(AS_PROGRAM, &cd2650_state::mem_map); m_maincpu->set_addrmap(AS_IO, &cd2650_state::io_map); m_maincpu->set_addrmap(AS_DATA, &cd2650_state::data_map); m_maincpu->sense_handler().set(FUNC(cd2650_state::cass_r)); m_maincpu->flag_handler().set([this] (bool state) { m_cassbit = state; }); f9334_device &outlatch(F9334(config, "outlatch")); // IC26 outlatch.q_out_cb<0>().set(FUNC(cd2650_state::tape_deck_on_w)); // TD ON outlatch.q_out_cb<7>().set("beeper", FUNC(beep_device::set_state)); // OUT6 // Q1-Q7 = OUT 0-6, not defined in RE // The connection of OUT6 to a 700-1200 Hz noise generator is suggested // in Central Data 2650 Newsletter, Volume 1, Issue 3 for use with the // "Morse Code" program by Mike Durham. /* video hardware */ screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_RASTER)); screen.set_raw(XTAL(14'192'640), 112 * CHARACTER_WIDTH, 0, 80 * CHARACTER_WIDTH, 22 * CHARACTER_LINES, 0, 16 * CHARACTER_LINES); screen.set_screen_update(FUNC(cd2650_state::screen_update)); screen.set_palette("palette"); GFXDECODE(config, "gfxdecode", "palette", gfx_cd2650); PALETTE(config, "palette", palette_device::MONOCHROME); /* quickload */ QUICKLOAD(config, "quickload", "pgm", attotime::from_seconds(1)).set_load_callback(FUNC(cd2650_state::quickload_cb)); /* Sound */ SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center(); BEEP(config, "beeper", 950).add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.50); // guess /* Devices */ generic_keyboard_device &keyboard(GENERIC_KEYBOARD(config, "keyboard", 0)); keyboard.set_keyboard_callback(FUNC(cd2650_state::kbd_put)); CASSETTE(config, m_cass); m_cass->set_default_state(CASSETTE_STOPPED | CASSETTE_MOTOR_ENABLED | CASSETTE_SPEAKER_ENABLED); m_cass->add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.15); TIMER(config, "kansas_w").configure_periodic(FUNC(cd2650_state::kansas_w), attotime::from_hz(4800)); TIMER(config, "kansas_r").configure_periodic(FUNC(cd2650_state::kansas_r), attotime::from_hz(40000)); } /* ROM definition */ ROM_START( cd2650 ) ROM_REGION( 0x1000, "roms", 0 ) ROM_LOAD( "cd2650.rom", 0x0000, 0x0400, CRC(5397328e) SHA1(7106fdb60e1ad2bc5e8e45527f348c23296e8d6a)) ROM_REGION( 0x0600, "chargen", 0 ) ROM_LOAD( "char.rom", 0x0000, 0x0200, CRC(9b75db2a) SHA1(4367c01afa503d7cba0c38078fde0b95392c6c2c)) ROM_LOAD_OPTIONAL( "char2.rom", 0x0200, 0x0400, CRC(b450eea8) SHA1(c1bdba52c2dc5698cad03b6b884b942a083465ed)) // not used // various unused roms found on Amigan site ROM_REGION( 0xc900, "user1", 0 ) ROM_LOAD_OPTIONAL( "01a_cd_boots.bin", 0x0000, 0x0200, CRC(5336c62f) SHA1(e94cf7be01ea806ff7c7b90aee1a4e88f4f1ba9f)) ROM_LOAD_OPTIONAL( "01a_cd_dos.bin", 0x0200, 0x2000, CRC(3f177cdd) SHA1(01afd77ad2f065158cbe032aa26682cb20afe7d8)) ROM_LOAD_OPTIONAL( "01a_cd_pop.bin", 0x2200, 0x1000, CRC(d8f44f11) SHA1(605ab5a045290fa5b99ff4fc8fbfa2a3f202578f)) ROM_LOAD_OPTIONAL( "01b_cd_alp.bin", 0x3200, 0x2a00, CRC(b05568bb) SHA1(29e74633c0cd731c0be25313288cfffdae374236)) ROM_LOAD_OPTIONAL( "01b_cd_basic.bin", 0x5c00, 0x3b00, CRC(0cf1e3d8) SHA1(3421e679c238aeea49cd170b34a6f344da4770a6)) ROM_LOAD_OPTIONAL( "01b_cd_mon_m.bin", 0x9700, 0x0400, CRC(f6f19c08) SHA1(1984d85d57fc2a6c5a3bd51fbc58540d7129a0ae)) ROM_LOAD_OPTIONAL( "01b_cd_mon_o.bin", 0x9b00, 0x0400, CRC(9d40b4dc) SHA1(35cffcbd983b7b37c878a15af44100568d0659d1)) ROM_LOAD_OPTIONAL( "02b_cd_alp.bin", 0x9f00, 0x2a00, CRC(a66b7f32) SHA1(2588f9244b0ec6b861dcebe666d37d3fa88dd043)) ROM_END /* Driver */ // YEAR NAME PARENT COMPAT MACHINE INPUT CLASS INIT COMPANY FULLNAME FLAGS COMP( 1977, cd2650, 0, 0, cd2650, cd2650, cd2650_state, empty_init, "Central Data", "2650 Computer System", MACHINE_SUPPORTS_SAVE )