// license:BSD-3-Clause // copyright-holders:Couriersud /*************************************************************************** Galaxian-derived sound hardware **************************************************************************** Notes: ----- - There is currently no way to exactly reproduce the CD4066 switch control mixing. This is changing impedance of the input resistor for e.g. following filters to >> 10M Ohm. These resistors are static values in the discrete core. TODO: ---- - Check more schematics for differences. ***************************************************************************/ #include "emu.h" #include "audio/galaxian.h" #include "includes/galaxian.h" #include "includes/galaxold.h" /************************************* * * Defines * *************************************/ #define SOUND_CLOCK (GALAXIAN_MASTER_CLOCK/6/2) /* 1.536 MHz */ #define RNG_RATE (GALAXIAN_MASTER_CLOCK/3*2) /* RNG clock is XTAL/3*2 see Aaron's note in video/galaxian.c */ /* 74LS259 */ #define GAL_INP_BG_DAC NODE_10 /* at 9M Q4 to Q7 in schematics */ #define GAL_INP_FS1 NODE_20 /* FS1 9L Q0 */ #define GAL_INP_FS2 NODE_21 /* FS2 9L Q1 */ #define GAL_INP_FS3 NODE_22 /* FS3 9L Q2 */ #define GAL_INP_HIT NODE_23 /* HIT 9L Q3 */ //#define GAL_9L_Q4 NODE_24 #define GAL_INP_FIRE NODE_25 /* FIRE 9L Q5 */ #define GAL_INP_VOL1 NODE_26 /* VOL1 9L Q6 */ #define GAL_INP_VOL2 NODE_27 /* VOL2 9L Q7 */ #define GAL_INP_PITCH NODE_28 /* at 6T in schematics */ #define TTL_OUT (4.0) #define GAL_R15 RES_K(100) #define GAL_R16 RES_K(220) #define GAL_R17 RES_K(470) #define GAL_R18 RES_K(1000) #define GAL_R19 RES_K(330) #define GAL_R20 RES_K(15) #define GAL_R21 RES_K(100) #define GAL_R22 RES_K(100) #define GAL_R23 RES_K(470) #define GAL_R24 RES_K(10) #define GAL_R25 RES_K(100) #define GAL_R26 RES_K(330) #define GAL_R27 RES_K(10) #define GAL_R28 RES_K(100) #define GAL_R29 RES_K(220) #define GAL_R30 RES_K(10) #define GAL_R31 RES_K(47) #define GAL_R32 RES_K(47) #define GAL_R33 RES_K(10) /* * R34 is given twice on galaxian board and both times as 5.1k. On moon cresta * it is only listed once and given as 15k. This is more in line with recordings */ #define GAL_R34 RES_K(5.1) #define MCRST_R34 RES_K(15) #define GAL_R35 RES_K(150) #define GAL_R36 RES_K(22) #define GAL_R37 RES_K(470) #define GAL_R38 RES_K(33) #define GAL_R39 RES_K(22) /* The hit sound is too low compared with recordings * There may be an issue with the op-amp band filter */ #define GAL_R40 (RES_K(2.2)*0.6) /* Volume adjust */ #define GAL_R41 RES_K(100) #define GAL_R43 RES_K(2.2) #define GAL_R44 RES_K(10) #define GAL_R45 RES_K(22) #define GAL_R46 RES_K(10) #define GAL_R47 RES_K(2.2) #define GAL_R48 RES_K(2.2) #define GAL_R49 RES_K(10) #define GAL_R50 RES_K(22) #define GAL_R51 RES_K(33) #define GAL_R52 RES_K(15) #define GAL_R91 RES_K(10) #define GAL_C15 CAP_U(1) #define GAL_C17 CAP_U(0.01) #define GAL_C18 CAP_U(0.01) #define GAL_C19 CAP_U(0.01) #define GAL_C20 CAP_U(0.1) #define GAL_C21 CAP_U(2.2) #define GAL_C22 CAP_U(0.01) #define GAL_C23 CAP_U(0.01) #define GAL_C25 CAP_U(1) #define GAL_C26 CAP_U(0.01) #define GAL_C27 CAP_U(0.01) #define GAL_C28 CAP_U(47) #define GAL_C46 CAP_U(0.1) /************************************* * * Structures for discrete core * *************************************/ static const discrete_dac_r1_ladder galaxian_bck_dac = { 4, // size of ladder {GAL_R18, GAL_R17, GAL_R16, GAL_R15, 0,0,0,0}, 4.4, // 5V - diode junction (0.6V) GAL_R20, // rBIAS GAL_R19, // rGnd 0 // no C }; static const discrete_555_cc_desc galaxian_bck_vco = { DISC_555_OUT_DC | DISC_555_OUT_CAP, 5, // B+ voltage of 555 DEFAULT_555_VALUES, 0.7 // Q2 junction voltage }; static const discrete_555_desc galaxian_555_vco_desc = { DISC_555_OUT_ENERGY | DISC_555_OUT_DC, 5.0, DEFAULT_555_CHARGE, (5.0 - 0.5) // 10k means no real load }; static const discrete_555_desc galaxian_555_fire_vco_desc = { DISC_555_OUT_DC, 5.0, DEFAULT_555_CHARGE, 1.0 // Logic output }; static const discrete_mixer_desc galaxian_bck_mixer_desc = { DISC_MIXER_IS_RESISTOR, {GAL_R24, GAL_R27, GAL_R30}, {0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0}, /* no node capacitors */ 0, 0, GAL_C20, 0, 0, 1 }; static const discrete_lfsr_desc galaxian_lfsr = { DISC_CLK_IS_FREQ, 17, /* Bit Length */ 0, /* Reset Value */ 4, /* Use Bit 10 (QC of second LS164) as F0 input 0 */ 16, /* Use Bit 23 (QH of third LS164) as F0 input 1 */ DISC_LFSR_XOR_INV_IN1, /* F0 is XOR */ DISC_LFSR_IN0, /* F1 is inverted F0*/ DISC_LFSR_REPLACE, /* F2 replaces the shifted register contents */ 0x000001, /* Everything is shifted into the first bit only */ DISC_LFSR_FLAG_OUTPUT_F0, /* Output is result of F0 */ 0 /* Output bit */ }; static const discrete_mixer_desc galaxian_mixerpre_desc = { DISC_MIXER_IS_RESISTOR, {GAL_R51, 0, GAL_R50, 0, GAL_R34}, /* A, C, C, D */ {0, GAL_INP_VOL1, 0, GAL_INP_VOL2, 0}, {0,0,0,0,0}, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 }; static const discrete_mixer_desc galaxian_mixer_desc = { DISC_MIXER_IS_RESISTOR, {GAL_R34, GAL_R40, GAL_R43}, /* A, C, C, D */ {0, 0, 0}, {0,0,GAL_C26}, 0, GAL_R91, 0, GAL_C46, 0, 1 }; /* moon cresta has different mixing */ static const discrete_mixer_desc mooncrst_mixer_desc = { DISC_MIXER_IS_RESISTOR, {GAL_R51, 0, GAL_R50, 0, MCRST_R34, GAL_R40, GAL_R43}, /* A, C, C, D */ {0, GAL_INP_VOL1, 0, GAL_INP_VOL2, 0, 0, 0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,GAL_C26}, 0, 0*GAL_R91, 0, GAL_C46, 0, 1 }; static const discrete_op_amp_filt_info galaxian_bandpass_desc = { GAL_R35, GAL_R36, 0, 0, GAL_R37, GAL_C22, GAL_C23, 0, 5.0*GAL_R39/(GAL_R38+GAL_R39), 5, 0 }; /************************************* * * Discrete Sound Blocks * *************************************/ static DISCRETE_SOUND_START(galaxian_discrete) /************************************************/ /* Input register mapping for galaxian */ /************************************************/ DISCRETE_INPUT_DATA(GAL_INP_BG_DAC) /* FS1 to FS3 */ DISCRETE_INPUT_LOGIC(GAL_INP_FS1) DISCRETE_INPUT_LOGIC(GAL_INP_FS2) DISCRETE_INPUT_LOGIC(GAL_INP_FS3) /* HIT */ DISCRETE_INPUTX_DATA(GAL_INP_HIT, TTL_OUT, 0, 0) /* FIRE */ DISCRETE_INPUT_LOGIC(GAL_INP_FIRE) /* Turns on / off resistors in mixer */ DISCRETE_INPUTX_DATA(GAL_INP_VOL1, GAL_R49, 0, 0) DISCRETE_INPUTX_DATA(GAL_INP_VOL2, GAL_R52, 0, 0) /* Pitch */ DISCRETE_INPUT_DATA(GAL_INP_PITCH) DISCRETE_TASK_START(0) /************************************************/ /* NOISE */ /************************************************/ /* since only a sample of the LFSR is latched @V2 we let the lfsr * run at a lower speed */ DISCRETE_LFSR_NOISE(NODE_150, 1, 1, RNG_RATE.dvalue()/100, 1.0, 0, 0.5, &galaxian_lfsr) DISCRETE_SQUAREWFIX(NODE_151,1,60*264/2,1.0,50,0.5,0) /* 2V signal */ DISCRETE_LOGIC_DFLIPFLOP(NODE_152,1,1,NODE_151,NODE_150) DISCRETE_TASK_END() /* Group Background and pitch */ DISCRETE_TASK_START(1) /************************************************/ /* Background */ /************************************************/ DISCRETE_DAC_R1(NODE_100, GAL_INP_BG_DAC, TTL_OUT, &galaxian_bck_dac) DISCRETE_555_CC(NODE_105, 1, NODE_100, GAL_R21, GAL_C15, 0, 0, 0, &galaxian_bck_vco) // Next is mult/add opamp circuit DISCRETE_MULTADD(NODE_110, NODE_105, GAL_R33/RES_3_PARALLEL(GAL_R31,GAL_R32,GAL_R33), -5.0*GAL_R33/GAL_R31) DISCRETE_CLAMP(NODE_111,NODE_110,0.0,5.0) // The three 555 DISCRETE_555_ASTABLE_CV(NODE_115, GAL_INP_FS1, GAL_R22, GAL_R23, GAL_C17, NODE_111, &galaxian_555_vco_desc) DISCRETE_555_ASTABLE_CV(NODE_116, GAL_INP_FS2, GAL_R25, GAL_R26, GAL_C18, NODE_111, &galaxian_555_vco_desc) DISCRETE_555_ASTABLE_CV(NODE_117, GAL_INP_FS3, GAL_R28, GAL_R29, GAL_C19, NODE_111, &galaxian_555_vco_desc) DISCRETE_MIXER3(NODE_120, 1, NODE_115, NODE_116, NODE_117, &galaxian_bck_mixer_desc) /************************************************/ /* PITCH */ /************************************************/ /* two cascaded LS164 which are reset to pitch latch value, * thus generating SOUND_CLOCK / (256 - pitch_clock) signal * * One possibility to implement this is * DISCRETE_TRANSFORM3(NODE_130, SOUND_CLOCK, 256, GAL_INP_PITCH, "012-/") * DISCRETE_COUNTER(NODE_132, 1, 0, NODE_130, 0, 15, DISC_COUNT_UP, 0, DISC_CLK_IS_FREQ) * but there is a native choice: */ DISCRETE_NOTE(NODE_132, 1, SOUND_CLOCK.dvalue(), GAL_INP_PITCH, 255, 15, DISC_CLK_IS_FREQ) /* from the 74393 (counter 2 above) only QA, QC, QD are used. * We decode three here and use SUB_NODE(133,x) below to access. */ DISCRETE_BITS_DECODE(NODE_133, NODE_132, 0, 3, TTL_OUT) /* QA-QD 74393 */ /* End of this task */ DISCRETE_TASK_END() DISCRETE_TASK_START(1) /************************************************/ /* HIT */ /************************************************/ /* Not 100% correct - switching causes high impedance input for node_157 * this is not emulated */ DISCRETE_RCDISC5(NODE_155, NODE_152, GAL_INP_HIT, (GAL_R35 + GAL_R36), GAL_C21) DISCRETE_OP_AMP_FILTER(NODE_157, 1, NODE_155, 0, DISC_OP_AMP_FILTER_IS_BAND_PASS_1M, &galaxian_bandpass_desc) DISCRETE_TASK_END() DISCRETE_TASK_START(1) /************************************************/ /* FIRE */ /************************************************/ DISCRETE_LOGIC_INVERT(NODE_170, GAL_INP_FIRE) DISCRETE_MULTIPLY(NODE_171, TTL_OUT, GAL_INP_FIRE) DISCRETE_MULTIPLY(NODE_172, TTL_OUT, NODE_170) // inverted DISCRETE_RCFILTER(NODE_173, NODE_172, GAL_R47, GAL_C28) /* Mix noise and 163 */ DISCRETE_TRANSFORM5(NODE_177, NODE_152, TTL_OUT, 1.0/GAL_R46, NODE_173, 1.0/GAL_R48, "01*2*34*+" ) //DISCRETE_MULTIPLY(NODE_174, 1, TTL_OUT, NODE_152) //DISCRETE_MULTIPLY(NODE_175, 1, 1.0/GAL_R46, NODE_174) //DISCRETE_MULTIPLY(NODE_176, 1, 1.0/GAL_R48, NODE_173) //DISCRETE_ADDER2(NODE_177, 1, NODE_175, NODE_176) DISCRETE_MULTIPLY(NODE_178, RES_2_PARALLEL(GAL_R46, GAL_R48), NODE_177) DISCRETE_555_ASTABLE_CV(NODE_181, 1, GAL_R44, GAL_R45, GAL_C27, NODE_178, &galaxian_555_fire_vco_desc) /* 555 toggles discharge on rc discharge module */ DISCRETE_RCDISC5(NODE_182, NODE_181, NODE_171, (GAL_R41), GAL_C25) /* End of task */ DISCRETE_TASK_END() /************************************************/ /* FINAL MIX */ /************************************************/ DISCRETE_TASK_START(2) DISCRETE_MIXER5(NODE_279, 1, NODE_133_00, NODE_133_02, NODE_133_02, NODE_133_03, NODE_120, &galaxian_mixerpre_desc) DISCRETE_MIXER3(NODE_280, 1, NODE_279, NODE_157, NODE_182, &galaxian_mixer_desc) DISCRETE_OUTPUT(NODE_280, 32767.0/5.0*5) DISCRETE_TASK_END() DISCRETE_SOUND_END static DISCRETE_SOUND_START(mooncrst_discrete) DISCRETE_IMPORT(galaxian_discrete) /************************************************/ /* Moon Cresta mixing stage */ /************************************************/ DISCRETE_DELETE(NODE_279, NODE_279) DISCRETE_REPLACE DISCRETE_MIXER7(NODE_280, 1, NODE_133_00, NODE_133_02, NODE_133_02,NODE_133_03, NODE_120, NODE_157, NODE_182, &mooncrst_mixer_desc) DISCRETE_SOUND_END DEFINE_DEVICE_TYPE(GALAXIAN, galaxian_sound_device, "galaxian_sound", "Galaxian Custom Sound") galaxian_sound_device::galaxian_sound_device(const machine_config &mconfig, const char *tag, device_t *owner, uint32_t clock) : device_t(mconfig, GALAXIAN, tag, owner, clock) , device_sound_interface(mconfig, *this) , m_lfo_val(0) { } //------------------------------------------------- // device_start - device-specific startup //------------------------------------------------- void galaxian_sound_device::device_start() { m_lfo_val = 0; m_discrete = machine().device(GAL_AUDIO); save_item(NAME(m_lfo_val)); } /************************************* * * Write handlers * *************************************/ /* IC 9J */ WRITE8_MEMBER( galaxian_sound_device::pitch_w ) { m_discrete->write(space, GAL_INP_PITCH, data ); } WRITE8_MEMBER( galaxian_sound_device::lfo_freq_w ) { uint8_t lfo_val_new = (m_lfo_val & ~(1<write(space, GAL_INP_BG_DAC, m_lfo_val); } } WRITE8_MEMBER( galaxian_sound_device::background_enable_w ) { m_discrete->write(space, NODE_RELATIVE(GAL_INP_FS1, offset), data & 0x01); } WRITE8_MEMBER( galaxian_sound_device::noise_enable_w ) { m_discrete->write(space, GAL_INP_HIT, data & 0x01); } WRITE8_MEMBER( galaxian_sound_device::vol_w ) { m_discrete->write(space, NODE_RELATIVE(GAL_INP_VOL1,offset), data & 0x01); } WRITE8_MEMBER( galaxian_sound_device::fire_enable_w ) { m_discrete->write(space, GAL_INP_FIRE, data & 0x01); } /* FIXME: May be replaced by one call! */ WRITE8_MEMBER( galaxian_sound_device::sound_w ) { data &= 0x01; switch (offset & 7) { case 0: /* FS1 (controls 555 timer at 8R) */ case 1: /* FS2 (controls 555 timer at 8S) */ case 2: /* FS3 (controls 555 timer at 8T) */ background_enable_w(space, offset, data); break; case 3: /* HIT */ noise_enable_w(space, 0, data); break; case 4: /* n/c */ break; case 5: /* FIRE */ fire_enable_w(space, 0, data); break; case 6: /* VOL1 */ case 7: /* VOL2 */ vol_w(space, offset & 1, data); break; } } //------------------------------------------------- // sound_stream_update - handle a stream update //------------------------------------------------- void galaxian_sound_device::sound_stream_update(sound_stream &stream, stream_sample_t **inputs, stream_sample_t **outputs, int samples) { } /************************************* * * Driver definitions * *************************************/ MACHINE_CONFIG_START(galaxold_state::galaxian_audio) MCFG_DEVICE_ADD("cust", GALAXIAN, 0) MCFG_SOUND_ROUTE(ALL_OUTPUTS, "speaker", 0.4) MCFG_DEVICE_ADD(GAL_AUDIO, DISCRETE, galaxian_discrete) MCFG_SOUND_ROUTE(ALL_OUTPUTS, "speaker", 1.0) MACHINE_CONFIG_END MACHINE_CONFIG_START(galaxold_state::mooncrst_audio) MCFG_DEVICE_ADD("cust", GALAXIAN, 0) MCFG_SOUND_ROUTE(ALL_OUTPUTS, "speaker", 0.4) MCFG_DEVICE_ADD(GAL_AUDIO, DISCRETE, mooncrst_discrete) MCFG_SOUND_ROUTE(ALL_OUTPUTS, "speaker", 1.0) MACHINE_CONFIG_END MACHINE_CONFIG_START(galaxian_state::galaxian_audio) MCFG_DEVICE_ADD("cust", GALAXIAN, 0) MCFG_SOUND_ROUTE(ALL_OUTPUTS, "speaker", 0.4) MCFG_DEVICE_ADD(GAL_AUDIO, DISCRETE, galaxian_discrete) MCFG_SOUND_ROUTE(ALL_OUTPUTS, "speaker", 1.0) MACHINE_CONFIG_END MACHINE_CONFIG_START(galaxian_state::mooncrst_audio) MCFG_DEVICE_ADD("cust", GALAXIAN, 0) MCFG_SOUND_ROUTE(ALL_OUTPUTS, "speaker", 0.4) MCFG_DEVICE_ADD(GAL_AUDIO, DISCRETE, mooncrst_discrete) MCFG_SOUND_ROUTE(ALL_OUTPUTS, "speaker", 1.0) MACHINE_CONFIG_END