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-rw-r--r--trunk/src/emu/sound/disc_dev.c1774
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diff --git a/trunk/src/emu/sound/disc_dev.c b/trunk/src/emu/sound/disc_dev.c
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+/************************************************************************
+ *
+ * MAME - Discrete sound system emulation library
+ *
+ * Written by Keith Wilkins (mame@dysfunction.demon.co.uk)
+ *
+ * (c) K.Wilkins 2000
+ * (c) D.Renaud 2003-2004
+ *
+ ************************************************************************
+ *
+ * DSD_555_ASTBL - NE555 Simulation - Astable mode
+ * DSD_555_MSTBL - NE555 Simulation - Monostable mode
+ * DSD_555_CC - NE555 Constant Current VCO
+ * DSD_555_VCO1 - Op-Amp linear ramp based 555 VCO
+ * DSD_566 - NE566 Simulation
+ * DSD_LS624 - 74LS624/629 Simulation
+ *
+ ************************************************************************
+ *
+ * You will notice that the code for a lot of these routines are similar.
+ * I tried to make a common charging routine, but there are too many
+ * minor differences that affect each module.
+ *
+ ************************************************************************/
+
+#define DEFAULT_555_BLEED_R RES_M(10)
+
+/************************************************************************
+ *
+ * DSD_555_ASTBL - - 555 Astable simulation
+ *
+ * input[0] - Reset value
+ * input[1] - R1 value
+ * input[2] - R2 value
+ * input[3] - C value
+ * input[4] - Control Voltage value
+ *
+ * also passed discrete_555_desc structure
+ *
+ * Jan 2004, D Renaud.
+ ************************************************************************/
+#define DSD_555_ASTBL__RESET (! DISCRETE_INPUT(0))
+#define DSD_555_ASTBL__R1 DISCRETE_INPUT(1)
+#define DSD_555_ASTBL__R2 DISCRETE_INPUT(2)
+#define DSD_555_ASTBL__C DISCRETE_INPUT(3)
+#define DSD_555_ASTBL__CTRLV DISCRETE_INPUT(4)
+
+/* bit mask of the above RC inputs */
+#define DSD_555_ASTBL_RC_MASK 0x0e
+
+/* charge/discharge constants */
+#define DSD_555_ASTBL_T_RC_BLEED (DEFAULT_555_BLEED_R * DSD_555_ASTBL__C)
+/* Use quick charge if specified. */
+#define DSD_555_ASTBL_T_RC_CHARGE ((DSD_555_ASTBL__R1 + ((info->options & DISC_555_ASTABLE_HAS_FAST_CHARGE_DIODE) ? 0 : DSD_555_ASTBL__R2)) * DSD_555_ASTBL__C)
+#define DSD_555_ASTBL_T_RC_DISCHARGE (DSD_555_ASTBL__R2 * DSD_555_ASTBL__C)
+
+DISCRETE_STEP(dsd_555_astbl)
+{
+ DISCRETE_DECLARE_INFO(discrete_555_desc)
+
+ int count_f = 0;
+ int count_r = 0;
+ double dt; /* change in time */
+ double x_time = 0; /* time since change happened */
+ double v_cap = m_cap_voltage; /* Current voltage on capacitor, before dt */
+ double v_cap_next = 0; /* Voltage on capacitor, after dt */
+ double v_charge, exponent = 0;
+ UINT8 flip_flop = m_flip_flop;
+ UINT8 update_exponent = 0;
+ double v_out = 0.0;
+
+ /* put commonly used stuff in local variables for speed */
+ double threshold = m_threshold;
+ double trigger = m_trigger;
+
+ if(DSD_555_ASTBL__RESET)
+ {
+ /* We are in RESET */
+ set_output(0, 0);
+ m_flip_flop = 1;
+ m_cap_voltage = 0;
+ return;
+ }
+
+ /* Check: if the Control Voltage node is connected. */
+ if (m_use_ctrlv)
+ {
+ /* If CV is less then .25V, the circuit will oscillate way out of range.
+ * So we will just ignore it when it happens. */
+ if (DSD_555_ASTBL__CTRLV < .25) return;
+ /* If it is a node then calculate thresholds based on Control Voltage */
+ threshold = DSD_555_ASTBL__CTRLV;
+ trigger = DSD_555_ASTBL__CTRLV / 2.0;
+ /* Since the thresholds may have changed we need to update the FF */
+ if (v_cap >= threshold)
+ {
+ flip_flop = 0;
+ count_f++;
+ }
+ else
+ if (v_cap <= trigger)
+ {
+ flip_flop = 1;
+ count_r++;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* get the v_charge and update each step if it is a node */
+ if (m_v_charge_node != NULL)
+ {
+ v_charge = *m_v_charge_node;
+ if (info->options & DISC_555_ASTABLE_HAS_FAST_CHARGE_DIODE) v_charge -= 0.5;
+ }
+ else
+ v_charge = m_v_charge;
+
+
+ /* Calculate future capacitor voltage.
+ * ref@ http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/ugrad/205/capacitance.html
+ * The formulas from the ref pages have been modified to reflect that we are stepping the change.
+ * dt = time of sample (1/sample frequency)
+ * VC = Voltage across capacitor
+ * VC' = Future voltage across capacitor
+ * Vc = Voltage change
+ * Vr = is the voltage across the resistor. For charging it is Vcc - VC. Discharging it is VC - 0.
+ * R = R1+R2 (for charging) R = R2 for discharging.
+ * Vc = Vr*(1-exp(-dt/(R*C)))
+ * VC' = VC + Vc (for charging) VC' = VC - Vc for discharging.
+ *
+ * We will also need to calculate the amount of time we overshoot the thresholds
+ * dt = amount of time we overshot
+ * Vc = voltage change overshoot
+ * dt = R*C(log(1/(1-(Vc/Vr))))
+ */
+
+ dt = this->sample_time();
+
+ /* Sometimes a switching network is used to setup the capacitance.
+ * These may select no capacitor, causing oscillation to stop.
+ */
+ if (DSD_555_ASTBL__C == 0)
+ {
+ flip_flop = 1;
+ /* The voltage goes high because the cap circuit is open. */
+ v_cap_next = v_charge;
+ v_cap = v_charge;
+ m_cap_voltage = 0;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Update charge contstants and exponents if nodes changed */
+ if (m_has_rc_nodes && (DSD_555_ASTBL__R1 != m_last_r1 || DSD_555_ASTBL__C != m_last_c || DSD_555_ASTBL__R2 != m_last_r2))
+ {
+ m_t_rc_bleed = DSD_555_ASTBL_T_RC_BLEED;
+ m_t_rc_charge = DSD_555_ASTBL_T_RC_CHARGE;
+ m_t_rc_discharge = DSD_555_ASTBL_T_RC_DISCHARGE;
+ m_exp_bleed = RC_CHARGE_EXP(m_t_rc_bleed);
+ m_exp_charge = RC_CHARGE_EXP(m_t_rc_charge);
+ m_exp_discharge = RC_CHARGE_EXP(m_t_rc_discharge);
+ m_last_r1 = DSD_555_ASTBL__R1;
+ m_last_r2 = DSD_555_ASTBL__R2;
+ m_last_c = DSD_555_ASTBL__C;
+ }
+ /* Keep looping until all toggling in time sample is used up. */
+ do
+ {
+ if (flip_flop)
+ {
+ if (DSD_555_ASTBL__R1 == 0)
+ {
+ /* Oscillation disabled because there is no longer any charge resistor. */
+ /* Bleed the cap due to circuit losses. */
+ if (update_exponent)
+ exponent = RC_CHARGE_EXP_DT(m_t_rc_bleed, dt);
+ else
+ exponent = m_exp_bleed;
+ v_cap_next = v_cap - (v_cap * exponent);
+ dt = 0;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Charging */
+ if (update_exponent)
+ exponent = RC_CHARGE_EXP_DT(m_t_rc_charge, dt);
+ else
+ exponent = m_exp_charge;
+ v_cap_next = v_cap + ((v_charge - v_cap) * exponent);
+ dt = 0;
+
+ /* has it charged past upper limit? */
+ if (v_cap_next >= threshold)
+ {
+ /* calculate the overshoot time */
+ dt = m_t_rc_charge * log(1.0 / (1.0 - ((v_cap_next - threshold) / (v_charge - v_cap))));
+ x_time = dt;
+ v_cap_next = threshold;
+ flip_flop = 0;
+ count_f++;
+ update_exponent = 1;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Discharging */
+ if(DSD_555_ASTBL__R2 != 0)
+ {
+ if (update_exponent)
+ exponent = RC_CHARGE_EXP_DT(m_t_rc_discharge, dt);
+ else
+ exponent = m_exp_discharge;
+ v_cap_next = v_cap - (v_cap * exponent);
+ dt = 0;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* no discharge resistor so we immediately discharge */
+ v_cap_next = trigger;
+ }
+
+ /* has it discharged past lower limit? */
+ if (v_cap_next <= trigger)
+ {
+ /* calculate the overshoot time */
+ if (v_cap_next < trigger)
+ dt = m_t_rc_discharge * log(1.0 / (1.0 - ((trigger - v_cap_next) / v_cap)));
+ x_time = dt;
+ v_cap_next = trigger;
+ flip_flop = 1;
+ count_r++;
+ update_exponent = 1;
+ }
+ }
+ v_cap = v_cap_next;
+ } while(dt);
+
+ m_cap_voltage = v_cap;
+ }
+
+ /* Convert last switch time to a ratio */
+ x_time = x_time / this->sample_time();
+
+ switch (m_output_type)
+ {
+ case DISC_555_OUT_SQW:
+ if (count_f + count_r >= 2)
+ /* force at least 1 toggle */
+ v_out = m_flip_flop ? 0 : m_v_out_high;
+ else
+ v_out = flip_flop * m_v_out_high;
+ v_out += m_ac_shift;
+ break;
+ case DISC_555_OUT_CAP:
+ v_out = v_cap;
+ /* Fake it to AC if needed */
+ if (m_output_is_ac)
+ v_out -= threshold * 3.0 /4.0;
+ break;
+ case DISC_555_OUT_ENERGY:
+ if (x_time == 0) x_time = 1.0;
+ v_out = m_v_out_high * (flip_flop ? x_time : (1.0 - x_time));
+ v_out += m_ac_shift;
+ break;
+ case DISC_555_OUT_LOGIC_X:
+ v_out = flip_flop + x_time;
+ break;
+ case DISC_555_OUT_COUNT_F_X:
+ v_out = count_f ? count_f + x_time : count_f;
+ break;
+ case DISC_555_OUT_COUNT_R_X:
+ v_out = count_r ? count_r + x_time : count_r;
+ break;
+ case DISC_555_OUT_COUNT_F:
+ v_out = count_f;
+ break;
+ case DISC_555_OUT_COUNT_R:
+ v_out = count_r;
+ break;
+ }
+ set_output(0, v_out);
+ m_flip_flop = flip_flop;
+}
+
+DISCRETE_RESET(dsd_555_astbl)
+{
+ DISCRETE_DECLARE_INFO(discrete_555_desc)
+
+ m_use_ctrlv = (this->input_is_node() >> 4) & 1;
+ m_output_type = info->options & DISC_555_OUT_MASK;
+
+ /* Use the defaults or supplied values. */
+ m_v_out_high = (info->v_out_high == DEFAULT_555_HIGH) ? info->v_pos - 1.2 : info->v_out_high;
+
+ /* setup v_charge or node */
+ m_v_charge_node = m_device->node_output_ptr(info->v_charge);
+ if (m_v_charge_node == NULL)
+ {
+ m_v_charge = (info->v_charge == DEFAULT_555_CHARGE) ? info->v_pos : info->v_charge;
+
+ if (info->options & DISC_555_ASTABLE_HAS_FAST_CHARGE_DIODE) m_v_charge -= 0.5;
+ }
+
+ if ((DSD_555_ASTBL__CTRLV != -1) && !m_use_ctrlv)
+ {
+ /* Setup based on supplied Control Voltage static value */
+ m_threshold = DSD_555_ASTBL__CTRLV;
+ m_trigger = DSD_555_ASTBL__CTRLV / 2.0;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Setup based on v_pos power source */
+ m_threshold = info->v_pos * 2.0 / 3.0;
+ m_trigger = info->v_pos / 3.0;
+ }
+
+ /* optimization if none of the values are nodes */
+ m_has_rc_nodes = 0;
+ if (this->input_is_node() & DSD_555_ASTBL_RC_MASK)
+ m_has_rc_nodes = 1;
+ else
+ {
+ m_t_rc_bleed = DSD_555_ASTBL_T_RC_BLEED;
+ m_exp_bleed = RC_CHARGE_EXP(m_t_rc_bleed);
+ m_t_rc_charge = DSD_555_ASTBL_T_RC_CHARGE;
+ m_exp_charge = RC_CHARGE_EXP(m_t_rc_charge);
+ m_t_rc_discharge = DSD_555_ASTBL_T_RC_DISCHARGE;
+ m_exp_discharge = RC_CHARGE_EXP(m_t_rc_discharge);
+ }
+
+ m_output_is_ac = info->options & DISC_555_OUT_AC;
+ /* Calculate DC shift needed to make squarewave waveform AC */
+ m_ac_shift = m_output_is_ac ? -m_v_out_high / 2.0 : 0;
+
+ m_flip_flop = 1;
+ m_cap_voltage = 0;
+
+ /* Step to set the output */
+ this->step();
+}
+
+
+/************************************************************************
+ *
+ * DSD_555_MSTBL - 555 Monostable simulation
+ *
+ * input[0] - Reset value
+ * input[1] - Trigger input
+ * input[2] - R2 value
+ * input[3] - C value
+ *
+ * also passed discrete_555_desc structure
+ *
+ * Oct 2004, D Renaud.
+ ************************************************************************/
+#define DSD_555_MSTBL__RESET (! DISCRETE_INPUT(0))
+#define DSD_555_MSTBL__TRIGGER DISCRETE_INPUT(1)
+#define DSD_555_MSTBL__R DISCRETE_INPUT(2)
+#define DSD_555_MSTBL__C DISCRETE_INPUT(3)
+
+/* bit mask of the above RC inputs */
+#define DSD_555_MSTBL_RC_MASK 0x0c
+
+DISCRETE_STEP(dsd_555_mstbl)
+{
+ DISCRETE_DECLARE_INFO(discrete_555_desc)
+
+ double v_cap; /* Current voltage on capacitor, before dt */
+ double x_time = 0; /* time since change happened */
+ double dt, exponent;
+ double out = 0;
+ int trigger = 0;
+ int trigger_type;
+ int update_exponent = m_has_rc_nodes;
+ int flip_flop;
+
+ if(UNEXPECTED(DSD_555_MSTBL__RESET))
+ {
+ /* We are in RESET */
+ set_output(0, 0);
+ m_flip_flop = 0;
+ m_cap_voltage = 0;
+ return;
+ }
+
+ dt = this->sample_time();
+ flip_flop = m_flip_flop;
+ trigger_type = info->options;
+ v_cap = m_cap_voltage;
+
+ switch (trigger_type & DSD_555_TRIGGER_TYPE_MASK)
+ {
+ case DISC_555_TRIGGER_IS_LOGIC:
+ trigger = ((int)DSD_555_MSTBL__TRIGGER) ? 0 : 1;
+ if (UNEXPECTED(trigger))
+ x_time = 1.0 - DSD_555_MSTBL__TRIGGER;
+ break;
+ case DISC_555_TRIGGER_IS_VOLTAGE:
+ trigger = (int)(DSD_555_MSTBL__TRIGGER < m_trigger);
+ break;
+ case DISC_555_TRIGGER_IS_COUNT:
+ trigger = (int)DSD_555_MSTBL__TRIGGER;
+ if (UNEXPECTED(trigger))
+ x_time = DSD_555_MSTBL__TRIGGER - trigger;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (UNEXPECTED(trigger && !flip_flop && x_time != 0))
+ {
+ /* adjust sample to after trigger */
+ update_exponent = 1;
+ dt *= x_time;
+ }
+ x_time = 0;
+
+ if ((trigger_type & DISC_555_TRIGGER_DISCHARGES_CAP) && trigger)
+ m_cap_voltage = 0;
+
+ /* Wait for trigger */
+ if (UNEXPECTED(!flip_flop && trigger))
+ {
+ flip_flop = 1;
+ m_flip_flop = 1;
+ }
+
+ if (flip_flop)
+ {
+ /* Sometimes a switching network is used to setup the capacitance.
+ * These may select 'no' capacitor, causing oscillation to stop.
+ */
+ if (UNEXPECTED(DSD_555_MSTBL__C == 0))
+ {
+ /* The trigger voltage goes high because the cap circuit is open.
+ * and the cap discharges */
+ v_cap = info->v_pos; /* needed for cap output type */
+ m_cap_voltage = 0;
+
+ if (!trigger)
+ {
+ flip_flop = 0;
+ m_flip_flop = 0;
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Charging */
+ double v_diff = m_v_charge - v_cap;
+
+ if (UNEXPECTED(update_exponent))
+ exponent = RC_CHARGE_EXP_DT(DSD_555_MSTBL__R * DSD_555_MSTBL__C, dt);
+ else
+ exponent = m_exp_charge;
+ v_cap += v_diff * exponent;
+
+ /* Has it charged past upper limit? */
+ /* If trigger is still enabled, then we keep charging,
+ * regardless of threshold. */
+ if (UNEXPECTED((v_cap >= m_threshold) && !trigger))
+ {
+ dt = DSD_555_MSTBL__R * DSD_555_MSTBL__C * log(1.0 / (1.0 - ((v_cap - m_threshold) / v_diff)));
+ x_time = 1.0 - dt / this->sample_time();
+ v_cap = 0;
+ flip_flop = 0;
+ m_flip_flop = 0;
+ }
+ m_cap_voltage = v_cap;
+ }
+ }
+
+ switch (m_output_type)
+ {
+ case DISC_555_OUT_SQW:
+ out = flip_flop * m_v_out_high - m_ac_shift;
+ break;
+ case DISC_555_OUT_CAP:
+ if (x_time > 0)
+ out = v_cap * x_time;
+ else
+ out = v_cap;
+
+ out -= m_ac_shift;
+ break;
+ case DISC_555_OUT_ENERGY:
+ if (x_time > 0)
+ out = m_v_out_high * x_time;
+ else if (flip_flop)
+ out = m_v_out_high;
+ else
+ out = 0;
+
+ out -= m_ac_shift;
+ break;
+ }
+ set_output(0, out);
+}
+
+DISCRETE_RESET(dsd_555_mstbl)
+{
+ DISCRETE_DECLARE_INFO(discrete_555_desc)
+
+ m_output_type = info->options & DISC_555_OUT_MASK;
+ if ((m_output_type == DISC_555_OUT_COUNT_F) || (m_output_type == DISC_555_OUT_COUNT_R))
+ {
+ m_device->discrete_log("Invalid Output type in NODE_%d.\n", this->index());
+ m_output_type = DISC_555_OUT_SQW;
+ }
+
+ /* Use the defaults or supplied values. */
+ m_v_out_high = (info->v_out_high == DEFAULT_555_HIGH) ? info->v_pos - 1.2 : info->v_out_high;
+ m_v_charge = (info->v_charge == DEFAULT_555_CHARGE) ? info->v_pos : info->v_charge;
+
+ /* Setup based on v_pos power source */
+ m_threshold = info->v_pos * 2.0 / 3.0;
+ m_trigger = info->v_pos / 3.0;
+
+ /* Calculate DC shift needed to make waveform AC */
+ if (info->options & DISC_555_OUT_AC)
+ {
+ if (m_output_type == DISC_555_OUT_CAP)
+ m_ac_shift = m_threshold * 3.0 /4.0;
+ else
+ m_ac_shift = m_v_out_high / 2.0;
+ }
+ else
+ m_ac_shift = 0;
+
+ m_trig_is_logic = (info->options & DISC_555_TRIGGER_IS_VOLTAGE) ? 0: 1;
+ m_trig_discharges_cap = (info->options & DISC_555_TRIGGER_DISCHARGES_CAP) ? 1: 0;
+
+ m_flip_flop = 0;
+ m_cap_voltage = 0;
+
+ /* optimization if none of the values are nodes */
+ m_has_rc_nodes = 0;
+ if (this->input_is_node() & DSD_555_MSTBL_RC_MASK)
+ m_has_rc_nodes = 1;
+ else
+ m_exp_charge = RC_CHARGE_EXP(DSD_555_MSTBL__R * DSD_555_MSTBL__C);
+
+ set_output(0, 0);
+}
+
+
+/************************************************************************
+ *
+ * DSD_555_CC - Usage of node_description values
+ *
+ * input[0] - Reset input value
+ * input[1] - Voltage input for Constant current source.
+ * input[2] - R value to set CC current.
+ * input[3] - C value
+ * input[4] - rBias value
+ * input[5] - rGnd value
+ * input[6] - rDischarge value
+ *
+ * also passed discrete_555_cc_desc structure
+ *
+ * Mar 2004, D Renaud.
+ ************************************************************************/
+#define DSD_555_CC__RESET (! DISCRETE_INPUT(0))
+#define DSD_555_CC__VIN DISCRETE_INPUT(1)
+#define DSD_555_CC__R DISCRETE_INPUT(2)
+#define DSD_555_CC__C DISCRETE_INPUT(3)
+#define DSD_555_CC__RBIAS DISCRETE_INPUT(4)
+#define DSD_555_CC__RGND DISCRETE_INPUT(5)
+#define DSD_555_CC__RDIS DISCRETE_INPUT(6)
+
+/* bit mask of the above RC inputs not including DSD_555_CC__R */
+#define DSD_555_CC_RC_MASK 0x78
+
+/* charge/discharge constants */
+#define DSD_555_CC_T_RC_BLEED (DEFAULT_555_BLEED_R * DSD_555_CC__C)
+#define DSD_555_CC_T_RC_DISCHARGE_01 (DSD_555_CC__RDIS * DSD_555_CC__C)
+#define DSD_555_CC_T_RC_DISCHARGE_NO_I (DSD_555_CC__RGND * DSD_555_CC__C)
+#define DSD_555_CC_T_RC_CHARGE (r_charge * DSD_555_CC__C)
+#define DSD_555_CC_T_RC_DISCHARGE (r_discharge * DSD_555_CC__C)
+
+
+DISCRETE_STEP(dsd_555_cc)
+{
+ DISCRETE_DECLARE_INFO(discrete_555_cc_desc)
+
+ int count_f = 0;
+ int count_r = 0;
+ double i; /* Charging current created by vIn */
+ double r_charge = 0; /* Equivalent charging resistor */
+ double r_discharge = 0; /* Equivalent discharging resistor */
+ double vi = 0; /* Equivalent voltage from current source */
+ double v_bias = 0; /* Equivalent voltage from bias voltage */
+ double v = 0; /* Equivalent voltage total from current source and bias circuit if used */
+ double dt; /* change in time */
+ double x_time = 0; /* time since change happened */
+ double t_rc ; /* RC time constant */
+ double v_cap; /* Current voltage on capacitor, before dt */
+ double v_cap_next = 0; /* Voltage on capacitor, after dt */
+ double v_vcharge_limit; /* vIn and the junction voltage limit the max charging voltage from i */
+ double r_temp; /* play thing */
+ double exponent;
+ UINT8 update_exponent, update_t_rc;
+ UINT8 flip_flop = m_flip_flop;
+
+ double v_out = 0;
+
+
+ if (UNEXPECTED(DSD_555_CC__RESET))
+ {
+ /* We are in RESET */
+ set_output(0, 0);
+ m_flip_flop = 1;
+ m_cap_voltage = 0;
+ return;
+ }
+
+ dt = this->sample_time(); /* Change in time */
+ v_cap = m_cap_voltage; /* Set to voltage before change */
+ v_vcharge_limit = DSD_555_CC__VIN + info->v_cc_junction; /* the max v_cap can be and still be charged by i */
+ /* Calculate charging current */
+ i = (m_v_cc_source - v_vcharge_limit) / DSD_555_CC__R;
+ if ( i < 0) i = 0;
+
+ if (info->options & DISCRETE_555_CC_TO_CAP)
+ {
+ vi = i * DSD_555_CC__RDIS;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ switch (m_type) /* see dsd_555_cc_reset for descriptions */
+ {
+ case 1:
+ r_discharge = DSD_555_CC__RDIS;
+ case 0:
+ break;
+ case 3:
+ r_discharge = RES_2_PARALLEL(DSD_555_CC__RDIS, DSD_555_CC__RGND);
+ case 2:
+ r_charge = DSD_555_CC__RGND;
+ vi = i * r_charge;
+ break;
+ case 4:
+ r_charge = DSD_555_CC__RBIAS;
+ vi = i * r_charge;
+ v_bias = info->v_pos;
+ break;
+ case 5:
+ r_charge = DSD_555_CC__RBIAS + DSD_555_CC__RDIS;
+ vi = i * DSD_555_CC__RBIAS;
+ v_bias = info->v_pos;
+ r_discharge = DSD_555_CC__RDIS;
+ break;
+ case 6:
+ r_charge = RES_2_PARALLEL(DSD_555_CC__RBIAS, DSD_555_CC__RGND);
+ vi = i * r_charge;
+ v_bias = info->v_pos * RES_VOLTAGE_DIVIDER(DSD_555_CC__RGND, DSD_555_CC__RBIAS);
+ break;
+ case 7:
+ r_temp = DSD_555_CC__RBIAS + DSD_555_CC__RDIS;
+ r_charge = RES_2_PARALLEL(r_temp, DSD_555_CC__RGND);
+ r_temp += DSD_555_CC__RGND;
+ r_temp = DSD_555_CC__RGND / r_temp; /* now has voltage divider ratio, not resistance */
+ vi = i * DSD_555_CC__RBIAS * r_temp;
+ v_bias = info->v_pos * r_temp;
+ r_discharge = RES_2_PARALLEL(DSD_555_CC__RGND, DSD_555_CC__RDIS);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* Keep looping until all toggling in time sample is used up. */
+ update_t_rc = m_has_rc_nodes;
+ update_exponent = update_t_rc;
+ do
+ {
+ if (m_type <= 1)
+ {
+ /* Standard constant current charge */
+ if (flip_flop)
+ {
+ if (i == 0)
+ {
+ /* No charging current, so we have to discharge the cap
+ * due to cap and circuit losses.
+ */
+ if (update_exponent)
+ {
+ t_rc = DSD_555_CC_T_RC_BLEED;
+ exponent = RC_CHARGE_EXP_DT(t_rc, dt);
+ }
+ else
+ exponent = m_exp_bleed;
+ v_cap_next = v_cap - (v_cap * exponent);
+ dt = 0;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Charging */
+ /* iC=C*dv/dt works out to dv=iC*dt/C */
+ v_cap_next = v_cap + (i * dt / DSD_555_CC__C);
+ /* Yes, if the cap voltage has reached the max voltage it can,
+ * and the 555 threshold has not been reached, then oscillation stops.
+ * This is the way the actual electronics works.
+ * This is why you never play with the pots after being factory adjusted
+ * to work in the proper range. */
+ if (v_cap_next > v_vcharge_limit) v_cap_next = v_vcharge_limit;
+ dt = 0;
+
+ /* has it charged past upper limit? */
+ if (v_cap_next >= m_threshold)
+ {
+ /* calculate the overshoot time */
+ dt = DSD_555_CC__C * (v_cap_next - m_threshold) / i;
+ x_time = dt;
+ v_cap_next = m_threshold;
+ flip_flop = 0;
+ count_f++;
+ update_exponent = 1;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ else if (DSD_555_CC__RDIS != 0)
+ {
+ /* Discharging */
+ if (update_t_rc)
+ t_rc = DSD_555_CC_T_RC_DISCHARGE_01;
+ else
+ t_rc = m_t_rc_discharge_01;
+ if (update_exponent)
+ exponent = RC_CHARGE_EXP_DT(t_rc, dt);
+ else
+ exponent = m_exp_discharge_01;
+
+ if (info->options & DISCRETE_555_CC_TO_CAP)
+ {
+ /* Asteroids - Special Case */
+ /* Charging in discharge mode */
+ /* If the cap voltage is past the current source charging limit
+ * then only the bias voltage will charge the cap. */
+ v = (v_cap < v_vcharge_limit) ? vi : v_vcharge_limit;
+ v_cap_next = v_cap + ((v - v_cap) * exponent);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ v_cap_next = v_cap - (v_cap * exponent);
+ }
+
+ dt = 0;
+ /* has it discharged past lower limit? */
+ if (v_cap_next <= m_trigger)
+ {
+ dt = t_rc * log(1.0 / (1.0 - ((m_trigger - v_cap_next) / v_cap)));
+ x_time = dt;
+ v_cap_next = m_trigger;
+ flip_flop = 1;
+ count_r++;
+ update_exponent = 1;
+ }
+ }
+ else /* Immediate discharge. No change in dt. */
+ {
+ x_time = dt;
+ v_cap_next = m_trigger;
+ flip_flop = 1;
+ count_r++;
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* The constant current gets changed to a voltage due to a load resistor. */
+ if (flip_flop)
+ {
+ if ((i == 0) && (DSD_555_CC__RBIAS == 0))
+ {
+ /* No charging current, so we have to discharge the cap
+ * due to rGnd.
+ */
+ if (update_t_rc)
+ t_rc = DSD_555_CC_T_RC_DISCHARGE_NO_I;
+ else
+ t_rc = m_t_rc_discharge_no_i;
+ if (update_exponent)
+ exponent = RC_CHARGE_EXP_DT(t_rc, dt);
+ else
+ exponent = m_exp_discharge_no_i;
+
+ v_cap_next = v_cap - (v_cap * exponent);
+ dt = 0;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Charging */
+ /* If the cap voltage is past the current source charging limit
+ * then only the bias voltage will charge the cap. */
+ v = v_bias;
+ if (v_cap < v_vcharge_limit) v += vi;
+ else if (m_type <= 3) v = v_vcharge_limit;
+
+ if (update_t_rc)
+ t_rc = DSD_555_CC_T_RC_CHARGE;
+ else
+ t_rc = m_t_rc_charge;
+ if (update_exponent)
+ exponent = RC_CHARGE_EXP_DT(t_rc, dt);
+ else
+ exponent = m_exp_charge;
+
+ v_cap_next = v_cap + ((v - v_cap) * exponent);
+ dt = 0;
+
+ /* has it charged past upper limit? */
+ if (v_cap_next >= m_threshold)
+ {
+ /* calculate the overshoot time */
+ dt = t_rc * log(1.0 / (1.0 - ((v_cap_next - m_threshold) / (v - v_cap))));
+ x_time = dt;
+ v_cap_next = m_threshold;
+ flip_flop = 0;
+ count_f++;
+ update_exponent = 1;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ else /* Discharging */
+ if (r_discharge)
+ {
+ if (update_t_rc)
+ t_rc = DSD_555_CC_T_RC_DISCHARGE;
+ else
+ t_rc = m_t_rc_discharge;
+ if (update_exponent)
+ exponent = RC_CHARGE_EXP_DT(t_rc, dt);
+ else
+ exponent = m_exp_discharge;
+
+ v_cap_next = v_cap - (v_cap * exponent);
+ dt = 0;
+
+ /* has it discharged past lower limit? */
+ if (v_cap_next <= m_trigger)
+ {
+ /* calculate the overshoot time */
+ dt = t_rc * log(1.0 / (1.0 - ((m_trigger - v_cap_next) / v_cap)));
+ x_time = dt;
+ v_cap_next = m_trigger;
+ flip_flop = 1;
+ count_r++;
+ update_exponent = 1;
+ }
+ }
+ else /* Immediate discharge. No change in dt. */
+ {
+ x_time = dt;
+ v_cap_next = m_trigger;
+ flip_flop = 1;
+ count_r++;
+ }
+ }
+ v_cap = v_cap_next;
+ } while(dt);
+
+ m_cap_voltage = v_cap;
+
+ /* Convert last switch time to a ratio */
+ x_time = x_time / this->sample_time();
+
+ switch (m_output_type)
+ {
+ case DISC_555_OUT_SQW:
+ if (count_f + count_r >= 2)
+ /* force at least 1 toggle */
+ v_out = m_flip_flop ? 0 : m_v_out_high;
+ else
+ v_out = flip_flop * m_v_out_high;
+ /* Fake it to AC if needed */
+ v_out += m_ac_shift;
+ break;
+ case DISC_555_OUT_CAP:
+ v_out = v_cap + m_ac_shift;
+ break;
+ case DISC_555_OUT_ENERGY:
+ if (x_time == 0) x_time = 1.0;
+ v_out = m_v_out_high * (flip_flop ? x_time : (1.0 - x_time));
+ v_out += m_ac_shift;
+ break;
+ case DISC_555_OUT_LOGIC_X:
+ v_out = flip_flop + x_time;
+ break;
+ case DISC_555_OUT_COUNT_F_X:
+ v_out = count_f ? count_f + x_time : count_f;
+ break;
+ case DISC_555_OUT_COUNT_R_X:
+ v_out = count_r ? count_r + x_time : count_r;
+ break;
+ case DISC_555_OUT_COUNT_F:
+ v_out = count_f;
+ break;
+ case DISC_555_OUT_COUNT_R:
+ v_out = count_r;
+ break;
+ }
+ set_output(0, v_out);
+ m_flip_flop = flip_flop;
+}
+
+DISCRETE_RESET(dsd_555_cc)
+{
+ DISCRETE_DECLARE_INFO(discrete_555_cc_desc)
+
+ double r_temp, r_discharge = 0, r_charge = 0;
+
+ m_flip_flop = 1;
+ m_cap_voltage = 0;
+
+ m_output_type = info->options & DISC_555_OUT_MASK;
+
+ /* Use the defaults or supplied values. */
+ m_v_out_high = (info->v_out_high == DEFAULT_555_HIGH) ? info->v_pos - 1.2 : info->v_out_high;
+ m_v_cc_source = (info->v_cc_source == DEFAULT_555_CC_SOURCE) ? info->v_pos : info->v_cc_source;
+
+ /* Setup based on v_pos power source */
+ m_threshold = info->v_pos * 2.0 / 3.0;
+ m_trigger = info->v_pos / 3.0;
+
+ m_output_is_ac = info->options & DISC_555_OUT_AC;
+ /* Calculate DC shift needed to make squarewave waveform AC */
+ m_ac_shift = m_output_is_ac ? -m_v_out_high / 2.0 : 0;
+
+ /* There are 8 different types of basic oscillators
+ * depending on the resistors used. We will determine
+ * the type of circuit at reset, because the ciruit type
+ * is constant. See Below.
+ */
+ m_type = (DSD_555_CC__RDIS > 0) | ((DSD_555_CC__RGND > 0) << 1) | ((DSD_555_CC__RBIAS > 0) << 2);
+
+ /* optimization if none of the values are nodes */
+ m_has_rc_nodes = 0;
+ if (this->input_is_node() & DSD_555_CC_RC_MASK)
+ m_has_rc_nodes = 1;
+ else
+ {
+ switch (m_type) /* see dsd_555_cc_reset for descriptions */
+ {
+ case 1:
+ r_discharge = DSD_555_CC__RDIS;
+ case 0:
+ break;
+ case 3:
+ r_discharge = RES_2_PARALLEL(DSD_555_CC__RDIS, DSD_555_CC__RGND);
+ case 2:
+ r_charge = DSD_555_CC__RGND;
+ break;
+ case 4:
+ r_charge = DSD_555_CC__RBIAS;
+ break;
+ case 5:
+ r_charge = DSD_555_CC__RBIAS + DSD_555_CC__RDIS;
+ r_discharge = DSD_555_CC__RDIS;
+ break;
+ case 6:
+ r_charge = RES_2_PARALLEL(DSD_555_CC__RBIAS, DSD_555_CC__RGND);
+ break;
+ case 7:
+ r_temp = DSD_555_CC__RBIAS + DSD_555_CC__RDIS;
+ r_charge = RES_2_PARALLEL(r_temp, DSD_555_CC__RGND);
+ r_discharge = RES_2_PARALLEL(DSD_555_CC__RGND, DSD_555_CC__RDIS);
+ break;
+ }
+
+ m_exp_bleed = RC_CHARGE_EXP(DSD_555_CC_T_RC_BLEED);
+ m_t_rc_discharge_01 = DSD_555_CC_T_RC_DISCHARGE_01;
+ m_exp_discharge_01 = RC_CHARGE_EXP(m_t_rc_discharge_01);
+ m_t_rc_discharge_no_i = DSD_555_CC_T_RC_DISCHARGE_NO_I;
+ m_exp_discharge_no_i = RC_CHARGE_EXP(m_t_rc_discharge_no_i);
+ m_t_rc_charge = DSD_555_CC_T_RC_CHARGE;
+ m_exp_charge = RC_CHARGE_EXP(m_t_rc_charge);
+ m_t_rc_discharge = DSD_555_CC_T_RC_DISCHARGE;
+ m_exp_discharge = RC_CHARGE_EXP(m_t_rc_discharge);
+ }
+
+ /* Step to set the output */
+ this->step();
+
+ /*
+ * TYPES:
+ * Note: These are equivalent circuits shown without the 555 circuitry.
+ * See the schematic in src\sound\discrete.h for full hookup info.
+ *
+ * DISCRETE_555_CC_TO_DISCHARGE_PIN
+ * When the CC source is connected to the discharge pin, it allows the
+ * circuit to charge when the 555 is in charge mode. But when in discharge
+ * mode, the CC source is grounded, disabling it's effect.
+ *
+ * [0]
+ * No resistors. Straight constant current charge of capacitor.
+ * When there is not any charge current, the cap will bleed off.
+ * Once the lower threshold(trigger) is reached, the output will
+ * go high but the cap will continue to discharge due to losses.
+ * .------+---> cap_voltage CHARGING:
+ * | | dv (change in voltage) compared to dt (change in time in seconds).
+ * .---. --- dv = i * dt / C; where i is current in amps and C is capacitance in farads.
+ * | i | --- C cap_voltage = cap_voltage + dv
+ * '---' |
+ * | | DISCHARGING:
+ * gnd gnd instantaneous
+ *
+ * [1]
+ * Same as type 1 but with rDischarge. rDischarge has no effect on the charge rate because
+ * of the constant current source i.
+ * When there is not any charge current, the cap will bleed off.
+ * Once the lower threshold(trigger) is reached, the output will
+ * go high but the cap will continue to discharge due to losses.
+ * .----ZZZ-----+---> cap_voltage CHARGING:
+ * | rDischarge | dv (change in voltage) compared to dt (change in time in seconds).
+ * .---. --- dv = i * dt / C; where i is current in amps and C is capacitance in farads.
+ * | i | --- C cap_voltage = cap_voltage + dv
+ * '---' |
+ * | | DISCHARGING:
+ * gnd gnd through rDischarge
+ *
+ * !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+ * !!!!! IMPORTANT NOTE ABOUT TYPES 3 - 7 !!!!!
+ * !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+ *
+ * From here on in all the circuits have either an rBias or rGnd resistor.
+ * This converts the constant current into a voltage source.
+ * So all the remaining circuit types will be converted to this circuit.
+ * When discharging, rBias is out of the equation because the 555 is grounding the circuit
+ * after that point.
+ *
+ * .------------. Rc Rc is the equivilent circuit resistance.
+ * | v |----ZZZZ---+---> cap_voltage v is the equivilent circuit voltage.
+ * | | |
+ * '------------' --- Then the standard RC charging formula applies.
+ * | --- C
+ * | | NOTE: All the following types are converted to Rc and v values.
+ * gnd gnd
+ *
+ * [2]
+ * When there is not any charge current, the cap will bleed off.
+ * Once the lower threshold(trigger) is reached, the output will
+ * go high but the cap will continue to discharge due to rGnd.
+ * .-------+------+------> cap_voltage CHARGING:
+ * | | | v = vi = i * rGnd
+ * .---. --- Z Rc = rGnd
+ * | i | --- C Z rGnd
+ * '---' | | DISCHARGING:
+ * | | | instantaneous
+ * gnd gnd gnd
+ *
+ * [3]
+ * When there is not any charge current, the cap will bleed off.
+ * Once the lower threshold(trigger) is reached, the output will
+ * go high but the cap will continue to discharge due to rGnd.
+ * .----ZZZ-----+------+------> cap_voltage CHARGING:
+ * | rDischarge | | v = vi = i * rGnd
+ * .---. --- Z Rc = rGnd
+ * | i | --- C Z rGnd
+ * '---' | | DISCHARGING:
+ * | | | through rDischarge || rGnd ( || means in parallel)
+ * gnd gnd gnd
+ *
+ * [4]
+ * .---ZZZ---+------------+-------------> cap_voltage CHARGING:
+ * | rBias | | Rc = rBias
+ * .-------. .---. --- vi = i * rBias
+ * | vBias | | i | --- C v = vBias + vi
+ * '-------' '---' |
+ * | | | DISCHARGING:
+ * gnd gnd gnd instantaneous
+ *
+ * [5]
+ * .---ZZZ---+----ZZZ-----+-------------> cap_voltage CHARGING:
+ * | rBias | rDischarge | Rc = rBias + rDischarge
+ * .-------. .---. --- vi = i * rBias
+ * | vBias | | i | --- C v = vBias + vi
+ * '-------' '---' |
+ * | | | DISCHARGING:
+ * gnd gnd gnd through rDischarge
+ *
+ * [6]
+ * .---ZZZ---+------------+------+------> cap_voltage CHARGING:
+ * | rBias | | | Rc = rBias || rGnd
+ * .-------. .---. --- Z vi = i * Rc
+ * | vBias | | i | --- C Z rGnd v = vBias * (rGnd / (rBias + rGnd)) + vi
+ * '-------' '---' | |
+ * | | | | DISCHARGING:
+ * gnd gnd gnd gnd instantaneous
+ *
+ * [7]
+ * .---ZZZ---+----ZZZ-----+------+------> cap_voltage CHARGING:
+ * | rBias | rDischarge | | Rc = (rBias + rDischarge) || rGnd
+ * .-------. .---. --- Z vi = i * rBias * (rGnd / (rBias + rDischarge + rGnd))
+ * | vBias | | i | --- C Z rGnd v = vBias * (rGnd / (rBias + rDischarge + rGnd)) + vi
+ * '-------' '---' | |
+ * | | | | DISCHARGING:
+ * gnd gnd gnd gnd through rDischarge || rGnd
+ */
+
+ /*
+ * DISCRETE_555_CC_TO_CAP
+ *
+ * When the CC source is connected to the capacitor, it allows the
+ * current to charge the cap while it is in discharge mode, slowing the
+ * discharge. So in charge mode it charges linearly from the constant
+ * current cource. But when in discharge mode it behaves like circuit
+ * type 2 above.
+ * .-------+------+------> cap_voltage CHARGING:
+ * | | | dv = i * dt / C
+ * .---. --- Z cap_voltage = cap_voltage + dv
+ * | i | --- C Z rDischarge
+ * '---' | | DISCHARGING:
+ * | | | v = vi = i * rGnd
+ * gnd gnd discharge Rc = rDischarge
+ */
+}
+
+
+/************************************************************************
+ *
+ * DSD_555_VCO1 - Usage of node_description values
+ *
+ * input[0] - Reset input value
+ * input[1] - Modulation Voltage (Vin1)
+ * input[2] - Control Voltage (Vin2)
+ *
+ * also passed discrete_5555_vco1_desc structure
+ *
+ * Apr 2006, D Renaud.
+ ************************************************************************/
+#define DSD_555_VCO1__RESET DISCRETE_INPUT(0) /* reset active low */
+#define DSD_555_VCO1__VIN1 DISCRETE_INPUT(1)
+#define DSD_555_VCO1__VIN2 DISCRETE_INPUT(2)
+
+DISCRETE_STEP(dsd_555_vco1)
+{
+ DISCRETE_DECLARE_INFO(discrete_555_vco1_desc)
+
+ int count_f = 0;
+ int count_r = 0;
+ double dt; /* change in time */
+ double x_time = 0; /* time since change happened */
+ double v_cap; /* Current voltage on capacitor, before dt */
+ double v_cap_next = 0; /* Voltage on capacitor, after dt */
+
+ double v_out = 0;
+
+ dt = this->sample_time(); /* Change in time */
+ v_cap = m_cap_voltage;
+
+ /* Check: if the Control Voltage node is connected. */
+ if (m_ctrlv_is_node && DSD_555_VCO1__RESET) /* reset active low */
+ {
+ /* If CV is less then .25V, the circuit will oscillate way out of range.
+ * So we will just ignore it when it happens. */
+ if (DSD_555_VCO1__VIN2 < .25) return;
+ /* If it is a node then calculate thresholds based on Control Voltage */
+ m_threshold = DSD_555_VCO1__VIN2;
+ m_trigger = DSD_555_VCO1__VIN2 / 2.0;
+ /* Since the thresholds may have changed we need to update the FF */
+ if (v_cap >= m_threshold)
+ {
+ x_time = dt;
+ m_flip_flop = 0;
+ count_f++;
+ }
+ else
+ if (v_cap <= m_trigger)
+ {
+ x_time = dt;
+ m_flip_flop = 1;
+ count_r++;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* Keep looping until all toggling in time sample is used up. */
+ do
+ {
+ if (m_flip_flop)
+ {
+ /* if we are in reset then toggle f/f and discharge */
+ if (!DSD_555_VCO1__RESET) /* reset active low */
+ {
+ m_flip_flop = 0;
+ count_f++;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Charging */
+ /* iC=C*dv/dt works out to dv=iC*dt/C */
+ v_cap_next = v_cap + (m_i_charge * dt / info->c);
+ dt = 0;
+
+ /* has it charged past upper limit? */
+ if (v_cap_next >= m_threshold)
+ {
+ /* calculate the overshoot time */
+ dt = info->c * (v_cap_next - m_threshold) / m_i_charge;
+ v_cap = m_threshold;
+ x_time = dt;
+ m_flip_flop = 0;
+ count_f++;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Discharging */
+ /* iC=C*dv/dt works out to dv=iC*dt/C */
+ v_cap_next = v_cap - (m_i_discharge * dt / info->c);
+
+ /* if we are in reset, then the cap can discharge to 0 */
+ if (!DSD_555_VCO1__RESET) /* reset active low */
+ {
+ if (v_cap_next < 0) v_cap_next = 0;
+ dt = 0;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* if we are out of reset and the cap voltage is less then
+ * the lower threshold, toggle f/f and start charging */
+ if (v_cap <= m_trigger)
+ {
+ if (m_flip_flop == 0)
+ {
+ /* don't need to track x_time here */
+ m_flip_flop = 1;
+ count_r++;
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ dt = 0;
+ /* has it discharged past lower limit? */
+ if (v_cap_next <= m_trigger)
+ {
+ /* calculate the overshoot time */
+ dt = info->c * (v_cap_next - m_trigger) / m_i_discharge;
+ v_cap = m_trigger;
+ x_time = dt;
+ m_flip_flop = 1;
+ count_r++;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ } while(dt);
+
+ m_cap_voltage = v_cap_next;
+
+ /* Convert last switch time to a ratio. No x_time in reset. */
+ x_time = x_time / this->sample_time();
+ if (!DSD_555_VCO1__RESET) x_time = 0;
+
+ switch (m_output_type)
+ {
+ case DISC_555_OUT_SQW:
+ v_out = m_flip_flop * m_v_out_high + m_ac_shift;
+ break;
+ case DISC_555_OUT_CAP:
+ v_out = v_cap_next;
+ /* Fake it to AC if needed */
+ if (m_output_is_ac)
+ v_out -= m_threshold * 3.0 /4.0;
+ break;
+ case DISC_555_OUT_ENERGY:
+ if (x_time == 0) x_time = 1.0;
+ v_out = m_v_out_high * (m_flip_flop ? x_time : (1.0 - x_time));
+ v_out += m_ac_shift;
+ break;
+ case DISC_555_OUT_LOGIC_X:
+ v_out = m_flip_flop + x_time;
+ break;
+ case DISC_555_OUT_COUNT_F_X:
+ v_out = count_f ? count_f + x_time : count_f;
+ break;
+ case DISC_555_OUT_COUNT_R_X:
+ v_out = count_r ? count_r + x_time : count_r;
+ break;
+ case DISC_555_OUT_COUNT_F:
+ v_out = count_f;
+ break;
+ case DISC_555_OUT_COUNT_R:
+ v_out = count_r;
+ break;
+ }
+ set_output(0, v_out);
+}
+
+DISCRETE_RESET(dsd_555_vco1)
+{
+ DISCRETE_DECLARE_INFO(discrete_555_vco1_desc)
+
+ double v_ratio_r3, v_ratio_r4_1, r_in_1;
+
+ m_output_type = info->options & DISC_555_OUT_MASK;
+ m_output_is_ac = info->options & DISC_555_OUT_AC;
+
+ /* Setup op-amp parameters */
+
+ /* The voltage at op-amp +in is always a fixed ratio of the modulation voltage. */
+ v_ratio_r3 = info->r3 / (info->r2 + info->r3); /* +in voltage */
+ /* The voltage at op-amp -in is 1 of 2 fixed ratios of the modulation voltage,
+ * based on the 555 Flip-Flop state. */
+ /* If the FF is 0, then only R1 is connected allowing the full modulation volatge to pass. */
+ /* v_ratio_r4_0 = 1 */
+ /* If the FF is 1, then R1 & R4 make a voltage divider similar to R2 & R3 */
+ v_ratio_r4_1 = info->r4 / (info->r1 + info->r4); /* -in voltage */
+ /* the input resistance to the op amp depends on the FF state */
+ /* r_in_0 = info->r1 when FF = 0 */
+ r_in_1 = 1.0 / (1.0 / info->r1 + 1.0 / info->r4); /* input resistance when r4 switched in */
+
+ /* Now that we know the voltages entering the op amp and the resistance for the
+ * FF states, we can predetermine the ratios for the charge/discharge currents. */
+ m_i_discharge = (1 - v_ratio_r3) / info->r1;
+ m_i_charge = (v_ratio_r3 - v_ratio_r4_1) / r_in_1;
+
+ /* the cap starts off discharged */
+ m_cap_voltage = 0;
+
+ /* Setup 555 parameters */
+
+ /* There is no charge on the cap so the 555 goes high at init. */
+ m_flip_flop = 1;
+ m_ctrlv_is_node = (this->input_is_node() >> 2) & 1;
+ m_v_out_high = (info->v_out_high == DEFAULT_555_HIGH) ? info->v_pos - 1.2 : info->v_out_high;
+
+ /* Calculate 555 thresholds.
+ * If the Control Voltage is a node, then the thresholds will be calculated each step.
+ * If the Control Voltage is a fixed voltage, then the thresholds will be calculated
+ * from that. Otherwise we will use thresholds based on v_pos. */
+ if (!m_ctrlv_is_node && (DSD_555_VCO1__VIN2 != -1))
+ {
+ /* Setup based on supplied Control Voltage static value */
+ m_threshold = DSD_555_VCO1__VIN2;
+ m_trigger = DSD_555_VCO1__VIN2 / 2.0;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Setup based on v_pos power source */
+ m_threshold = info->v_pos * 2.0 / 3.0;
+ m_trigger = info->v_pos / 3.0;
+ }
+
+ /* Calculate DC shift needed to make squarewave waveform AC */
+ m_ac_shift = m_output_is_ac ? -m_v_out_high / 2.0 : 0;
+}
+
+
+/************************************************************************
+ *
+ * DSD_566 - Usage of node_description values
+ *
+ * Mar 2004, D Renaud. updated Sept 2009
+ *
+ * The data sheets for this are no where near correct.
+ * This simulation is based on the internal schematic and testing of
+ * a real Signetics IC.
+ *
+ * The 566 is a constant current based VCO. If you change R, that affects
+ * the charge/discharge rate. A constant current source will charge the
+ * cap linearly. Of course due to the transistors there will be some
+ * non-linear areas at the ends of the Vmod range. As the Vmod voltage
+ * drops from Vcharge, the frequency generated increases.
+ *
+ * The Triangle (pin 4) output is just a buffered version of the cap
+ * charge. It is about 1.35 higher then the cap voltage.
+ * The Square (pin 3) output starts low as the cap voltages rises.
+ * Once a threshold is reached, the cap starts to discharge, and the
+ * Square output goes high. The Square high output is about 1V less then
+ * B+. Unloaded it is .75V less. With a 4.7k pull-down resistor, it
+ * is 1.06V less. So I will simulate at 1V less. The Square low voltage
+ * is non-linear so I will use a table. The cap toggle thresholds vary
+ * depending on B+, so they will be simulated with a table.
+ *
+ * The data sheets show Vmod should be no less then 3/4*B+. In reality
+ * you can go to close to 1/2*B+ before you lose linearity. Below 1/2,
+ * oscillation stops. When Vmod is 0V to 0.1V less then B+, it also
+ * loses linearity, and stops oscillating when >= B+. This is because
+ * there is no voltage difference to create a current source.
+ *
+ * The current source is dependant on the voltage difference between B+
+ * and Vmod. Due to transistor action, it is not 100%, but this formula
+ * gives a good approximation:
+ * I = ((B+ - Vmod - 0.1) * 0.95) / R
+ * You can test the current VS modulation function by using 10k for R
+ * and replace C with a 10k resistor. Then you can monitor the voltage
+ * on pin 7 to work out the current. I=V/R. It will start to oscillate
+ * when in the cap threshold range.
+ *
+ * When Vmod drops below the stable range, the current source no longer
+ * functions properly. Technically this is out of the range specified
+ * for the IC. Of course old games used this range anyways, so we need
+ * to know how the real IC behaves. When Vmod drops below the stable range,
+ * the charge current is stops dropping instead of increasing, while the
+ * discharge current still functions. This means the frequency generated
+ * starts to drop as the voltage lowers, instead of the normal increase
+ * in frequency.
+ *
+ ************************************************************************/
+#define DSD_566__VMOD DISCRETE_INPUT(0)
+#define DSD_566__R DISCRETE_INPUT(1)
+#define DSD_566__C DISCRETE_INPUT(2)
+#define DSD_566__VPOS DISCRETE_INPUT(3)
+#define DSD_566__VNEG DISCRETE_INPUT(4)
+#define DSD_566__VCHARGE DISCRETE_INPUT(5)
+#define DSD_566__OPTIONS DISCRETE_INPUT(6)
+
+
+static const struct
+{
+ double c_high[6];
+ double c_low[6];
+ double sqr_low[6];
+ double osc_stable[6];
+ double osc_stop[6];
+} ne566 =
+{
+ /* 10 10.5 11 11.5 12 13 14 15 B+ */
+ {3.364, /*3.784,*/ 4.259, /*4.552,*/ 4.888, 5.384, 5.896, 6.416}, /* c_high */
+ {1.940, /*2.100,*/ 2.276, /*2.404,*/ 2.580, 2.880, 3.180, 3.488}, /* c_low */
+ {4.352, /*4.144,*/ 4.080, /*4.260,*/ 4.500, 4.960, 5.456, 5.940}, /* sqr_low */
+ {4.885, /*5.316,*/ 5.772, /*6.075,*/ 6.335, 6.912, 7.492, 7.945}, /* osc_stable */
+ {4.495, /*4.895,*/ 5.343, /*5.703,*/ 5.997, 6.507, 7.016, 7.518} /* osc_stop */
+};
+
+DISCRETE_STEP(dsd_566)
+{
+ double i = 0; /* Charging current created by vIn */
+ double i_rise; /* non-linear rise charge current */
+ double dt; /* change in time */
+ double x_time = 0;
+ double v_cap; /* Current voltage on capacitor, before dt */
+ int count_f = 0, count_r = 0;
+
+ double v_out = 0.0;
+
+ dt = this->sample_time(); /* Change in time */
+ v_cap = m_cap_voltage; /* Set to voltage before change */
+
+ /* Calculate charging current if it is in range */
+ if (EXPECTED(DSD_566__VMOD > m_v_osc_stop))
+ {
+ double v_charge = DSD_566__VCHARGE - DSD_566__VMOD - 0.1;
+ if (v_charge > 0)
+ {
+ i = (v_charge * .95) / DSD_566__R;
+ if (DSD_566__VMOD < m_v_osc_stable)
+ {
+ /* no where near correct calculation of non linear range */
+ i_rise = ((DSD_566__VCHARGE - m_v_osc_stable - 0.1) * .95) / DSD_566__R;
+ i_rise *= 1.0 - (m_v_osc_stable - DSD_566__VMOD) / (m_v_osc_stable - m_v_osc_stop);
+ }
+ else
+ i_rise = i;
+ }
+ else
+ return;
+ }
+ else return;
+
+ /* Keep looping until all toggling in this time sample is used up. */
+ do
+ {
+ if (m_flip_flop)
+ {
+ /* Discharging */
+ v_cap -= i * dt / DSD_566__C;
+ dt = 0;
+
+ /* has it discharged past lower limit? */
+ if (UNEXPECTED(v_cap < m_threshold_low))
+ {
+ /* calculate the overshoot time */
+ dt = DSD_566__C * (m_threshold_low - v_cap) / i;
+ v_cap = m_threshold_low;
+ m_flip_flop = 0;
+ count_f++;
+ x_time = dt;
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Charging */
+ /* iC=C*dv/dt works out to dv=iC*dt/C */
+ v_cap += i_rise * dt / DSD_566__C;
+ dt = 0;
+ /* Yes, if the cap voltage has reached the max voltage it can,
+ * and the 566 threshold has not been reached, then oscillation stops.
+ * This is the way the actual electronics works.
+ * This is why you never play with the pots after being factory adjusted
+ * to work in the proper range. */
+ if (UNEXPECTED(v_cap > DSD_566__VMOD)) v_cap = DSD_566__VMOD;
+
+ /* has it charged past upper limit? */
+ if (UNEXPECTED(v_cap > m_threshold_high))
+ {
+ /* calculate the overshoot time */
+ dt = DSD_566__C * (v_cap - m_threshold_high) / i;
+ v_cap = m_threshold_high;
+ m_flip_flop = 1;
+ count_r++;
+ x_time = dt;
+ }
+ }
+ } while(dt);
+
+ m_cap_voltage = v_cap;
+
+ /* Convert last switch time to a ratio */
+ x_time /= this->sample_time();
+
+ switch (m_out_type)
+ {
+ case DISC_566_OUT_SQUARE:
+ v_out = m_flip_flop ? m_v_sqr_high : m_v_sqr_low;
+ if (m_fake_ac)
+ v_out += m_ac_shift;
+ break;
+ case DISC_566_OUT_ENERGY:
+ if (x_time == 0) x_time = 1.0;
+ v_out = m_v_sqr_low + m_v_sqr_diff * (m_flip_flop ? x_time : (1.0 - x_time));
+ if (m_fake_ac)
+ v_out += m_ac_shift;
+ break;
+ case DISC_566_OUT_LOGIC:
+ v_out = m_flip_flop;
+ break;
+ case DISC_566_OUT_TRIANGLE:
+ v_out = v_cap;
+ if (m_fake_ac)
+ v_out += m_ac_shift;
+ break;
+ case DISC_566_OUT_COUNT_F_X:
+ v_out = count_f ? count_f + x_time : count_f;
+ break;
+ case DISC_566_OUT_COUNT_R_X:
+ v_out = count_r ? count_r + x_time : count_r;
+ break;
+ case DISC_566_OUT_COUNT_F:
+ v_out = count_f;
+ break;
+ case DISC_566_OUT_COUNT_R:
+ v_out = count_r;
+ break;
+ }
+ set_output(0, v_out);
+}
+
+DISCRETE_RESET(dsd_566)
+{
+ int v_int;
+ double v_float;
+
+ m_out_type = (int)DSD_566__OPTIONS & DISC_566_OUT_MASK;
+ m_fake_ac = (int)DSD_566__OPTIONS & DISC_566_OUT_AC;
+
+ if (DSD_566__VNEG >= DSD_566__VPOS)
+ fatalerror("[v_neg >= v_pos] in NODE_%d!\n", this->index());
+
+ v_float = DSD_566__VPOS - DSD_566__VNEG;
+ v_int = (int)v_float;
+ if ( v_float < 10 || v_float > 15 )
+ fatalerror("v_neg and/or v_pos out of range in NODE_%d\n", this->index());
+ if ( v_float != v_int )
+ /* fatal for now. */
+ fatalerror("Power should be integer in NODE_%d\n", this->index());
+
+ m_flip_flop = 0;
+ m_cap_voltage = 0;
+
+ v_int -= 10;
+ m_threshold_high = ne566.c_high[v_int] + DSD_566__VNEG;
+ m_threshold_low = ne566.c_low[v_int] + DSD_566__VNEG;
+ m_v_sqr_high = DSD_566__VPOS - 1;
+ m_v_sqr_low = ne566.sqr_low[v_int] + DSD_566__VNEG;
+ m_v_sqr_diff = m_v_sqr_high - m_v_sqr_low;
+ m_v_osc_stable = ne566.osc_stable[v_int] + DSD_566__VNEG;
+ m_v_osc_stop = ne566.osc_stop[v_int] + DSD_566__VNEG;
+
+ m_ac_shift = 0;
+ if (m_fake_ac)
+ {
+ if (m_out_type == DISC_566_OUT_TRIANGLE)
+ m_ac_shift = (m_threshold_high - m_threshold_low) / 2 - m_threshold_high;
+ else
+ m_ac_shift = m_v_sqr_diff / 2 - m_v_sqr_high;
+ }
+
+ /* Step the output */
+ this->step();
+}
+
+
+/************************************************************************
+ *
+ * DSD_LS624 - Usage of node_description values
+ *
+ * Dec 2007, Couriersud based on data sheet
+ * Oct 2009, complete re-write based on IC testing
+ ************************************************************************/
+#define DSD_LS624__ENABLE DISCRETE_INPUT(0)
+#define DSD_LS624__VMOD DISCRETE_INPUT(1)
+#define DSD_LS624__VRNG DISCRETE_INPUT(2)
+#define DSD_LS624__C DISCRETE_INPUT(3)
+#define DSD_LS624__R_FREQ_IN DISCRETE_INPUT(4)
+#define DSD_LS624__C_FREQ_IN DISCRETE_INPUT(5)
+#define DSD_LS624__R_RNG_IN DISCRETE_INPUT(6)
+#define DSD_LS624__OUTTYPE DISCRETE_INPUT(7)
+
+#define LS624_R_EXT 600.0 /* as specified in data sheet */
+#define LS624_OUT_HIGH 4.5 /* measured */
+#define LS624_IN_R RES_K(90) /* measured & 70K + 20k per data sheet */
+
+/*
+ * The 74LS624 series are constant current based VCOs. The Freq Control voltage
+ * modulates the current source. The current is created from Rext, which is
+ * internally fixed at 600 ohms for all devices except the 74LS628 which has
+ * external connections. The current source linearly discharges the cap voltage.
+ * The cap starts with 0V charge across it. One side is connected to a fixed voltage
+ * bias circuit. The other side is charged negatively from the current source until
+ * a certain low threshold is reached. Once this threshold is reached, the output
+ * toggles state and the pins on the cap reverse in respect to the charge/bias hookup.
+ * This starts the one side of the cap to be at bias, and the other side of the cap is
+ * now at bias + the charge on the cap which is bias - threshold.
+ * Y = 0; CX1 = bias; CX2 = charge
+ * Y = 1; CX1 = charge; CX2 = bias
+ * The Range voltage adjusts the threshold voltage. The higher the Range voltage,
+ * the lower the threshold voltage, the longer the cap can charge, the lower the frequency.
+ *
+ * In a perfect world it would work like this:
+ * The current is based on the mysterious Rext mentioned in the data sheet.
+ * I = (VfreqControl * 20k/90k) / Rext
+ * where Rext = 600 ohms or external Rext on a 74LS628
+ * The Freq Control has an input impedance of approximately 90k, so any input resistance
+ * connected to the Freq Control pin works as a voltage divider.
+ * I = (VfreqControl * 20k/(90k + RfreqControlIn)) / Rext
+ * That gives us a change in voltage on the cap of
+ * dV = I / sampleRate / C_inFarads
+ *
+ * Unfortunately the chip does not behave linearly do to internal interactions,
+ * so I have just worked out the formula (using zunzun.com) of FreqControl and
+ * range to frequency out for a fixed cap value of 0.1uf. Other cap values can just
+ * scale from that. From the freq, we calculate the time of 1/2 cycle using 1/Freq/2.
+ * Then just use that to toggle a waveform.
+ */
+
+
+DISCRETE_STEP(dsd_ls624)
+{
+ double x_time = 0;
+ double freq, t1;
+ double v_freq_2, v_freq_3, v_freq_4;
+ double t_used = m_t_used;
+ double dt = this->sample_time();;
+ double v_freq = DSD_LS624__VMOD;
+ double v_rng = DSD_LS624__VRNG;
+ int count_f = 0, count_r = 0;
+
+ /* coefficients */
+ const double k1 = 1.9904769024796283E+03;
+ const double k2 = 1.2070059213983407E+03;
+ const double k3 = 1.3266985579561108E+03;
+ const double k4 = -1.5500979825922698E+02;
+ const double k5 = 2.8184536266938172E+00;
+ const double k6 = -2.3503421582744556E+02;
+ const double k7 = -3.3836786704527788E+02;
+ const double k8 = -1.3569136703258670E+02;
+ const double k9 = 2.9914575453819188E+00;
+ const double k10 = 1.6855569086173170E+00;
+
+ if (UNEXPECTED(DSD_LS624__ENABLE == 0))
+ return;
+
+ /* scale due to input resistance */
+ v_freq *= m_v_freq_scale;
+ v_rng *= m_v_rng_scale;
+
+ /* apply cap if needed */
+ if (m_has_freq_in_cap)
+ {
+ m_v_cap_freq_in += (v_freq - m_v_cap_freq_in) * m_exponent;
+ v_freq = m_v_cap_freq_in;
+ }
+
+ /* Polyfunctional3D_model created by zunzun.com using sum of squared absolute error */
+ v_freq_2 = v_freq * v_freq;
+ v_freq_3 = v_freq_2 * v_freq;
+ v_freq_4 = v_freq_3 * v_freq;
+ freq = k1;
+ freq += k2 * v_freq;
+ freq += k3 * v_freq_2;
+ freq += k4 * v_freq_3;
+ freq += k5 * v_freq_4;
+ freq += k6 * v_rng;
+ freq += k7 * v_rng * v_freq;
+ freq += k8 * v_rng * v_freq_2;
+ freq += k9 * v_rng * v_freq_3;
+ freq += k10 * v_rng * v_freq_4;
+
+ freq *= CAP_U(0.1) / DSD_LS624__C;
+
+ t1 = 0.5 / freq ;
+ t_used += this->sample_time();
+ do
+ {
+ dt = 0;
+ if (t_used > t1)
+ {
+ /* calculate the overshoot time */
+ t_used -= t1;
+ m_flip_flop ^= 1;
+ if (m_flip_flop)
+ count_r++;
+ else
+ count_f++;
+ /* fix up any frequency increase change errors */
+ while(t_used > this->sample_time())
+ t_used -= this->sample_time();
+ x_time = t_used;
+ dt = t_used;
+ }
+ }while(dt);
+
+ m_t_used = t_used;
+
+ /* Convert last switch time to a ratio */
+ x_time = x_time / this->sample_time();
+
+ switch (m_out_type)
+ {
+ case DISC_LS624_OUT_LOGIC_X:
+ set_output(0, m_flip_flop + x_time);
+ break;
+ case DISC_LS624_OUT_COUNT_F_X:
+ set_output(0, count_f ? count_f + x_time : count_f);
+ break;
+ case DISC_LS624_OUT_COUNT_R_X:
+ set_output(0, count_r ? count_r + x_time : count_r);
+ break;
+ case DISC_LS624_OUT_COUNT_F:
+ set_output(0, count_f);
+ break;
+ case DISC_LS624_OUT_COUNT_R:
+ set_output(0, count_r);
+ break;
+ case DISC_LS624_OUT_ENERGY:
+ if (x_time == 0) x_time = 1.0;
+ set_output(0, LS624_OUT_HIGH * (m_flip_flop ? x_time : (1.0 - x_time)));
+ break;
+ case DISC_LS624_OUT_LOGIC:
+ set_output(0, m_flip_flop);
+ break;
+ case DISC_LS624_OUT_SQUARE:
+ set_output(0, m_flip_flop ? LS624_OUT_HIGH : 0);
+ break;
+ }
+}
+
+DISCRETE_RESET(dsd_ls624)
+{
+ m_out_type = (int)DSD_LS624__OUTTYPE;
+
+ m_flip_flop = 0;
+ m_t_used = 0;
+ m_v_freq_scale = LS624_IN_R / (DSD_LS624__R_FREQ_IN + LS624_IN_R);
+ m_v_rng_scale = LS624_IN_R / (DSD_LS624__R_RNG_IN + LS624_IN_R);
+ if (DSD_LS624__C_FREQ_IN > 0)
+ {
+ m_has_freq_in_cap = 1;
+ m_exponent = RC_CHARGE_EXP(RES_2_PARALLEL(DSD_LS624__R_FREQ_IN, LS624_IN_R) * DSD_LS624__C_FREQ_IN);
+ m_v_cap_freq_in = 0;
+ }
+ else
+ m_has_freq_in_cap = 0;
+
+ set_output(0, 0);
+}