diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'src/devices/video/hd44780.cpp')
-rw-r--r-- | src/devices/video/hd44780.cpp | 303 |
1 files changed, 236 insertions, 67 deletions
diff --git a/src/devices/video/hd44780.cpp b/src/devices/video/hd44780.cpp index a2fdb2d3032..0c78d01da31 100644 --- a/src/devices/video/hd44780.cpp +++ b/src/devices/video/hd44780.cpp @@ -2,17 +2,124 @@ // copyright-holders:Sandro Ronco /*************************************************************************** - Hitachi HD44780 LCD controller - - TODO: - - dump internal CGROM - - emulate osc pin, determine video timings and busy flag duration from it, - and if possible, remove m_busy_factor + Hitachi HD44780 LCD controller + + TODO: + - dump internal CGROM via decap + - finish emulating osc pin: determine video timings from it, + and if possible, remove m_busy_factor + The internal oscillator is known to be based on the value of the resistor + Rf, presumably (based on the HD44780U datasheet diagrams) with an + equation close to this: + For 5V power, Frequency in Hz = 1 / (2 * PI * Rf * 6.5pF) + For 3V power, Frequency in Hz = 1 / (2 * PI * Rf * 7.86pF) + The vast majority of devices use the internal oscillator with an Rf + resistor of 91kOhms, for ~270kHz clock speed. + However, a few Hitachi-made LCD modules use an Rf resistor of + 200kOhms instead, for a ~122.4kHz clock speed, and it isn't clear + why they did this, as it is lower than the minimum intended clock + speed on the datasheet. + DONE + - busy flag durations in clock cycles + - blink timing in clock cycles + + BUSY TIMINGS: + Manufacturer: Hitachi Epson Samsung + Device: HD44780 SED1278 KS0066+S6A0069 + Clear display: 410 cycles 410 cycles 410 cycles + Return Home: 410 cycles 410 cycles 410 cycles + Entry Mode: 10 cycles 10 cycles 10 cycles + Display on/off: 10 cycles 10 cycles 10 cycles + Cursor/Display Shift: 10 cycles 10 cycles 10 cycles + Function Set: 10 cycles 10 cycles 10 cycles + Set CGRAM: 10 cycles 10 cycles 10 cycles + Set DDRAM: 10 cycles 10 cycles 10 cycles + Data Write: 10 cycles[1] 10 cycles 11 cycles + Data Read: 10 cycles[1] 10 cycles 11 cycles[2,3] + Blink Invert Rate: 102400 cycles 102400 cycles ? cycles[4] + [1] HD44780 bug: BUSY is only active for 10 cycles, but the ac inc/dec on + data read or write happens on the 11th cycle. + This bug is documented in the later HD44780U datasheet, as well as in + the SED1278 datasheet to note the bug is fixed there. + We do not emulate this bug, but emulate as SED1278 where it is fixed. + [2] KS0066 bug: a Data read from CGRAM after a CGRAM write + + increment/decrement has completed will read the previous byte, not + the new one the address counter now points to! + This bug is documented in the datasheet. + [3] S6A0069 note: the first data read from CGRAM must have a set address + command or a display shift command sent before the read command, or + it will instead return the potentially garbage data that was most + recently put into the read buffer register as the serially-accessed + ram hasn't had a chance to fully complete a serial cycle and update + said buffer. Also, if the AC direction has not been explicitly set + beforehand by a display shift command, the byte address + auto-increment vs auto-decrement might be doing either one randomly + after power-up. + In short, this documentation change plus some minor behavior change + "fixes" the bug of the KS0066, with the above caveat. + [4] In all likelyhood, this is almost certainly 102400 for compatibility + with the original HD44780A00 + + Known HD44780-compatible clones: + Epson SED1278 + Samsung KS0066[U] + Samsung S6A0069 (equivalent to KS0066U?) + Sitronix ST7066U + Sunplus SPLC780C (timings equivalent to SED1278?) + + Possibly compatible clones: + Toshiba T1719A (may be custom for Brother) + + Similar, but not quite compatible variants: + Hitachi HD66780 LCD-IIA (more or less the same as 44780 but has a + different LCD driver waveform, and like 44780 has + 16 Common/40 Segment drivers) + Samsung KS0073 (uses different DPRAM memory mapping than HD44780, and + has 34 Common/64 Segment drivers; it also has a low power mode and + 6-pixel character width modes) + Samsung S6A0073 (equivalent to KS0073) + Novatek NT7603 (clocked at twice the speed, has different LCD driver + waveforms, and has 16 Common/80 Segment drivers) + Novatek NT7605 (clocked at twice the speed, has different LCD driver + waveforms, and has 16 Common/100 Segment drivers) + Solomon Systech SSD1803 (2.7-3.45V only, 34 Common/100 Segment drivers, + has a 6-pixel character width mode, and when in 4-line mode, has a + memory map like KS0073; has two unique CGROMs) + + + Character set equivalency: + Hitachi Samsung Epson Sitronix Sunplus [Supported] + HD44780A00 KS0066F00 SED1278F0A ST7066-0A SPLC780C-01 Y + HD44780UA00 Y + HD44780UA01 + SPLC780C-17 + HD44780UA02 ST7066-0R Y + SED1278F0H ST7066-0T SPLC780C-02 + SED1278F0B ST7066-0B SPLC780C-03 Y + KS0066F03 SPLC780C-08 + KS0066F04 SPLC780C-13 + KS0066F05 ST7066-0E SPLC780C-11 Y + KS0066F06 SPLC780C-12 + ST7066-1G SPLC780C-14 + SPLC780C-15 + SPLC780C-19 + SED1278F0C + KS0066F59 SED1278F0E + SED1278F0G SPLC780C-18 + + + DPRAM 80-byte wrap behavior is based on increment/decrement: + In 1-line mode: + 4E 4F 00 01 02 ... 4D 4E 4F 00 01 02 ... + + In 2-line mode: + L1: 26 27 00 01 02 ... 24 25 26 27 00 01 02 ... + L2: 66 67 40 41 42 ... 64 65 66 67 40 41 42 ... ***************************************************************************/ #include "emu.h" -#include "video/hd44780.h" +#include "hd44780.h" //#define VERBOSE 1 #include "logmacro.h" @@ -22,30 +129,72 @@ // DEVICE DEFINITIONS //************************************************************************** -DEFINE_DEVICE_TYPE(HD44780, hd44780_device, "hd44780_a00", "Hitachi HD44780 A00 LCD Controller") -DEFINE_DEVICE_TYPE(SED1278_0B, sed1278_0b_device, "sed1278_0b", "Epson SED1278-0B LCD Controller") // packaged as either SED1278F0B or SED1278D0B -DEFINE_DEVICE_TYPE(KS0066_F05, ks0066_f05_device, "ks0066_f05", "Samsung KS0066 F05 LCD Controller") +DEFINE_DEVICE_TYPE(HD44780, hd44780_device, "hd44780", "Hitachi HD44780 LCD Controller") +DEFINE_DEVICE_TYPE(HD44780U, hd44780u_device, "hd44780u", "Hitachi HD44780U LCD Controller") +DEFINE_DEVICE_TYPE(SED1278, sed1278_device, "sed1278", "Epson SED1278 LCD Controller") // packaged as either SED1278F0B or SED1278D0B +DEFINE_DEVICE_TYPE(KS0066, ks0066_device, "ks0066", "Samsung KS0066 LCD Controller") //------------------------------------------------- // ROM( hd44780 ) //------------------------------------------------- -ROM_START( hd44780_a00 ) +ROM_START( hd44780 ) + ROM_DEFAULT_BIOS("a00") + ROM_SYSTEM_BIOS(0, "a00", "A00") + + ROM_REGION( 0x1000, "cgrom", 0 ) + ROMX_LOAD( "hd44780_a00.bin", 0x0000, 0x1000, BAD_DUMP CRC(e459877c) SHA1(65cf075a988cdcbb316b9afdd0529b374a1a65ec), ROM_BIOS(0)) // from page 97 of the 1985 HD44780 datasheet from crystalfontz +ROM_END + +ROM_START( hd44780u ) + ROM_DEFAULT_BIOS("a00") + ROM_SYSTEM_BIOS(0, "a00", "A00") + ROM_SYSTEM_BIOS(1, "a02", "A02") + // Note the HD44780UA01 font does exist in the 1994 M24T026 Hitachi LCD Controller Driver LSI Data Book on bitsavers as well + ROM_REGION( 0x1000, "cgrom", 0 ) - ROM_LOAD( "hd44780_a00.bin", 0x0000, 0x1000, BAD_DUMP CRC(01d108e2) SHA1(bc0cdf0c9ba895f22e183c7bd35a3f655f2ca96f)) // from page 17 of the HD44780 datasheet + ROMX_LOAD( "hd44780u_a00.bin", 0x0000, 0x1000, BAD_DUMP CRC(8494cb6b) SHA1(2d4f9cf5ff81f20d2f4e4640f5b8a697a3781eef), ROM_BIOS(0)) // from page 17 of the 1999 HD44780U datasheet + // this has 6 characters different from the HD44780A00 + // this differs slightly (see the '7') from the HD44780UA00 font in the 1994 M24T026 Hitachi LCD Controller Driver LSI Data Book on bitsavers + // and needs confirmation from a real device as to which is correct; confirmation on the horizontal offset of the '[' would also be helpful + ROMX_LOAD( "hd44780u_a02.bin", 0x0000, 0x1000, BAD_DUMP CRC(6d522b42) SHA1(db8f59573c81933cfc9d3232d419406f0896e60b), ROM_BIOS(1)) // from page 18 of the 1999 HD44780U datasheet + // this differs slightly (see the '7') from the HD44780UA02 font in the 1994 M24T026 Hitachi LCD Controller Driver LSI Data Book on bitsavers + // and needs confirmation from a real device as to which is correct ROM_END -ROM_START( sed1278_0b ) + +ROM_START( sed1278 ) + ROM_DEFAULT_BIOS("0a") + ROM_SYSTEM_BIOS(0, "0a", "0A") + ROM_SYSTEM_BIOS(1, "0b", "0B") + ROM_REGION( 0x1000, "cgrom", 0 ) - ROM_LOAD( "sed1278_0b.bin", 0x0000, 0x1000, BAD_DUMP CRC(eef342fa) SHA1(d6ac58a48e428e7cff26fb9c8ea9b4eeaa853038)) // from page 9-33 of the SED1278 datasheet + ROMX_LOAD( "sed1278_0a.bin", 0x0000, 0x1000, BAD_DUMP CRC(e459877c) SHA1(65cf075a988cdcbb316b9afdd0529b374a1a65ec), ROM_BIOS(0)) // from page 9-32 of the SED1278 datasheet (100% identical to hd44780a00) + ROMX_LOAD( "sed1278_0b.bin", 0x0000, 0x1000, BAD_DUMP CRC(962498b7) SHA1(41866836ab4ed7bd4c3539bc8df492ba7d7ff42a), ROM_BIOS(1)) // from page 9-33 of the SED1278 datasheet ROM_END -ROM_START( ks0066_f05 ) +// TODO: many other SED1278 variants, documented in the datasheet + +// ks0066_f00 is 100% identical to hd44780a00, see page 61 of the KS0066 non-U datasheet +// later ks0066 masks may be different, see page 48 of the other KS0066 datasheet +ROM_START( ks0066 ) + ROM_DEFAULT_BIOS("f00") + ROM_SYSTEM_BIOS(0, "f00", "F00") + //ROM_SYSTEM_BIOS(?, "f03", "F03") + //ROM_SYSTEM_BIOS(?, "f04", "F04") + ROM_SYSTEM_BIOS(1, "f05", "F05") + //ROM_SYSTEM_BIOS(?, "f06", "F06") + //ROM_SYSTEM_BIOS(?, "f59", "F59") + ROM_REGION( 0x1000, "cgrom", 0 ) - ROM_LOAD( "ks0066_f05.bin", 0x0000, 0x1000, BAD_DUMP CRC(af9e7bd6) SHA1(0196e871584ee5d370856e7307c0f9d1466e3e51)) // from page 51 of the KS0066 datasheet + ROMX_LOAD( "ks0066_f00.bin", 0x0000, 0x1000, BAD_DUMP CRC(e459877c) SHA1(65cf075a988cdcbb316b9afdd0529b374a1a65ec), ROM_BIOS(0)) // from page 61 of the KS0066 non-U datasheet + ROMX_LOAD( "ks0066_f05.bin", 0x0000, 0x1000, BAD_DUMP CRC(af9e7bd6) SHA1(0196e871584ee5d370856e7307c0f9d1466e3e51), ROM_BIOS(1)) // from page 51 of the KS0066 datasheet ROM_END + +// TODO: Sitronix and Sunplus devices/variants + //************************************************************************** // live device //************************************************************************** @@ -57,7 +206,6 @@ ROM_END hd44780_device::hd44780_device(const machine_config &mconfig, const char *tag, device_t *owner, uint32_t clock) : hd44780_device(mconfig, HD44780, tag, owner, clock) { - set_charset_type(CHARSET_HD44780_A00); } hd44780_device::hd44780_device(const machine_config &mconfig, device_type type, const char *tag, device_t *owner, uint32_t clock) @@ -74,16 +222,19 @@ hd44780_device::hd44780_device(const machine_config &mconfig, device_type type, { } -sed1278_0b_device::sed1278_0b_device(const machine_config &mconfig, const char *tag, device_t *owner, uint32_t clock) : - hd44780_device(mconfig, SED1278_0B, tag, owner, clock) +hd44780u_device::hd44780u_device(const machine_config &mconfig, const char *tag, device_t *owner, uint32_t clock) : + hd44780_device(mconfig, HD44780U, tag, owner, clock) { - set_charset_type(CHARSET_SED1278_0B); } -ks0066_f05_device::ks0066_f05_device(const machine_config &mconfig, const char *tag, device_t *owner, uint32_t clock) : - hd44780_device(mconfig, KS0066_F05, tag, owner, clock) +sed1278_device::sed1278_device(const machine_config &mconfig, const char *tag, device_t *owner, uint32_t clock) : + hd44780_device(mconfig, SED1278, tag, owner, clock) +{ +} + +ks0066_device::ks0066_device(const machine_config &mconfig, const char *tag, device_t *owner, uint32_t clock) : + hd44780_device(mconfig, KS0066, tag, owner, clock) { - set_charset_type(CHARSET_KS0066_F05); } @@ -93,14 +244,22 @@ ks0066_f05_device::ks0066_f05_device(const machine_config &mconfig, const char * const tiny_rom_entry *hd44780_device::device_rom_region() const { - switch (m_charset_type) - { - case CHARSET_HD44780_A00: return ROM_NAME( hd44780_a00 ); - case CHARSET_SED1278_0B: return ROM_NAME( sed1278_0b ); - case CHARSET_KS0066_F05: return ROM_NAME( ks0066_f05 ); - } + return ROM_NAME(hd44780); +} - return nullptr; +const tiny_rom_entry *hd44780u_device::device_rom_region() const +{ + return ROM_NAME(hd44780u); +} + +const tiny_rom_entry *sed1278_device::device_rom_region() const +{ + return ROM_NAME(sed1278); +} + +const tiny_rom_entry *ks0066_device::device_rom_region() const +{ + return ROM_NAME(ks0066); } //------------------------------------------------- @@ -113,9 +272,8 @@ void hd44780_device::device_start() m_pixel_update_cb.resolve(); - m_busy_timer = timer_alloc(TIMER_BUSY); - m_blink_timer = timer_alloc(TIMER_BLINKING); - m_blink_timer->adjust(attotime::from_msec(409), 0, attotime::from_msec(409)); + m_busy_timer = timer_alloc(FUNC(hd44780_device::clear_busy_flag), this); + m_blink_timer = timer_alloc(FUNC(hd44780_device::blink_tick), this); // state saving save_item(NAME(m_busy_factor)); @@ -173,26 +331,44 @@ void hd44780_device::device_reset() m_rs_state = 0; m_rw_state = 0; - set_busy_flag(1520); + set_busy_flag(410); } +//------------------------------------------------- +// device_clock_changed +//------------------------------------------------- + +void hd44780_device::device_clock_changed() +{ + // (re)adjust blink timer + attotime period = attotime::from_ticks(102400, clock()); // blink happens every 102400 cycles + attotime remain = m_blink_timer->remaining(); + + m_blink_timer->adjust((remain > period) ? period : remain, 0, period); +} //------------------------------------------------- -// device_timer - handler timer events +// device validity check //------------------------------------------------- -void hd44780_device::device_timer(emu_timer &timer, device_timer_id id, int param, void *ptr) +void hd44780_device::device_validity_check(validity_checker &valid) const { - switch (id) - { - case TIMER_BUSY: - m_busy_flag = false; - break; + if (clock() == 0) + osd_printf_error("LCDC clock cannot be zero!\n"); +} - case TIMER_BLINKING: - m_blink = !m_blink; - break; - } +//------------------------------------------------- +// timer events +//------------------------------------------------- + +TIMER_CALLBACK_MEMBER(hd44780_device::clear_busy_flag) +{ + m_busy_flag = false; +} + +TIMER_CALLBACK_MEMBER(hd44780_device::blink_tick) +{ + m_blink = !m_blink; } @@ -200,17 +376,10 @@ void hd44780_device::device_timer(emu_timer &timer, device_timer_id id, int para // HELPERS //************************************************************************** -void hd44780_device::set_charset_type(int type) -{ - m_charset_type = type; -} - -void hd44780_device::set_busy_flag(uint16_t usec) +void hd44780_device::set_busy_flag(uint16_t cycles) { m_busy_flag = true; - - usec = float(usec) * m_busy_factor + 0.5; - m_busy_timer->adjust(attotime::from_usec(usec)); + m_busy_timer->adjust(attotime::from_ticks(cycles, clock() / m_busy_factor)); } void hd44780_device::correct_ac() @@ -418,17 +587,17 @@ void hd44780_device::db_w(u8 data) m_db_input = data; } -WRITE_LINE_MEMBER(hd44780_device::rs_w) +void hd44780_device::rs_w(int state) { m_rs_input = state; } -WRITE_LINE_MEMBER(hd44780_device::rw_w) +void hd44780_device::rw_w(int state) { m_rw_input = state; } -WRITE_LINE_MEMBER(hd44780_device::e_w) +void hd44780_device::e_w(int state) { if (m_data_len == 4 && state && !m_enabled && !machine().side_effects_disabled()) update_nibble(m_rs_input, m_rw_input); @@ -470,7 +639,7 @@ void hd44780_device::control_write(u8 data) m_active_ram = DDRAM; m_ac = m_ir & 0x7f; correct_ac(); - set_busy_flag(37); + set_busy_flag(10); LOG("HD44780: set DDRAM address %x\n", m_ac); return; @@ -480,7 +649,7 @@ void hd44780_device::control_write(u8 data) // set CGRAM address m_active_ram = CGRAM; m_ac = m_ir & 0x3f; - set_busy_flag(37); + set_busy_flag(10); LOG("HD44780: set CGRAM address %x\n", m_ac); return; @@ -499,7 +668,7 @@ void hd44780_device::control_write(u8 data) m_data_len = BIT(m_ir, 4) ? 8 : 4; m_num_line = BIT(m_ir, 3) + 1; correct_ac(); - set_busy_flag(37); + set_busy_flag(10); LOG("HD44780: char size 5x%d, data len %d, lines %d\n", m_char_size, m_data_len, m_num_line); return; @@ -516,7 +685,7 @@ void hd44780_device::control_write(u8 data) else update_ac(direction); - set_busy_flag(37); + set_busy_flag(10); } else if (BIT(m_ir, 3)) { @@ -524,7 +693,7 @@ void hd44780_device::control_write(u8 data) m_display_on = BIT(m_ir, 2); m_cursor_on = BIT(m_ir, 1); m_blink_on = BIT(m_ir, 0); - set_busy_flag(37); + set_busy_flag(10); LOG("HD44780: display %d, cursor %d, blink %d\n", m_display_on, m_cursor_on, m_blink_on); } @@ -533,7 +702,7 @@ void hd44780_device::control_write(u8 data) // entry mode set m_direction = (BIT(m_ir, 1)) ? +1 : -1; m_shift_on = BIT(m_ir, 0); - set_busy_flag(37); + set_busy_flag(10); LOG("HD44780: entry mode set: direction %d, shift %d\n", m_direction, m_shift_on); } @@ -546,7 +715,7 @@ void hd44780_device::control_write(u8 data) m_active_ram = DDRAM; m_direction = 1; m_disp_shift = 0; - set_busy_flag(1520); + set_busy_flag(410); } else if (BIT(m_ir, 0)) { @@ -558,7 +727,7 @@ void hd44780_device::control_write(u8 data) m_direction = 1; m_disp_shift = 0; memset(m_ddram, 0x20, sizeof(m_ddram)); - set_busy_flag(1520); + set_busy_flag(410); // Some machines do a "clear display" first, even though the datasheet insists "function set" must come before all else return; @@ -614,10 +783,10 @@ void hd44780_device::data_write(u8 data) else m_cgram[m_ac] = m_dr; + set_busy_flag(10); update_ac(m_direction); if (m_shift_on) shift_display(m_direction); - set_busy_flag(41); } u8 hd44780_device::data_read() @@ -636,8 +805,8 @@ u8 hd44780_device::data_read() if (!machine().side_effects_disabled()) { + set_busy_flag(10); update_ac(m_direction); - set_busy_flag(41); } return data; |