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path: root/src/mame/drivers/microvsn.cpp
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// license:BSD-3-Clause
// copyright-holders:Wilbert Pol
/***************************************************************************

    Milton Bradley MicroVision

    To Do:
    * Add support for the paddle control
    * Finish support for i8021 based cartridges

Since the microcontrollers were on the cartridges it was possible to have
different clocks on different games.
The Connect Four I8021 game is clocked at around 2MHz. The TMS1100 versions
of the games were clocked at around 500KHz, 550KHz, or 300KHz.

****************************************************************************/

#include "emu.h"
#include "bus/generic/carts.h"
#include "bus/generic/slot.h"
#include "cpu/mcs48/mcs48.h"
#include "cpu/tms1000/tms1100.h"
#include "sound/dac.h"
#include "sound/volt_reg.h"
#include "emupal.h"
#include "softlist.h"
#include "screen.h"
#include "speaker.h"

#include <algorithm>

//#define VERBOSE 1
#include "logmacro.h"


class microvision_state : public driver_device
{
public:
	microvision_state(const machine_config &mconfig, device_type type, const char *tag) :
		driver_device(mconfig, type, tag),
		m_dac( *this, "dac" ),
		m_i8021( *this, "maincpu1" ),
		m_tms1100( *this, "maincpu2" ),
		m_cart(*this, "cartslot")
	{ }

	void microvision(machine_config &config);

protected:
	static constexpr device_timer_id TIMER_PADDLE = 0;
	virtual void device_timer(emu_timer &timer, device_timer_id id, int param, void *ptr) override;

	virtual void machine_start() override;
	virtual void machine_reset() override;

private:
	uint32_t screen_update(screen_device &screen, bitmap_ind16 &bitmap, const rectangle &cliprect);

	void microvision_palette(palette_device &palette) const;

	DECLARE_WRITE_LINE_MEMBER(screen_vblank);
	DECLARE_DEVICE_IMAGE_LOAD_MEMBER(cart_load);

	// i8021 interface
	DECLARE_WRITE8_MEMBER(i8021_p0_write);
	DECLARE_WRITE8_MEMBER(i8021_p1_write);
	DECLARE_WRITE8_MEMBER(i8021_p2_write);
	DECLARE_READ_LINE_MEMBER(i8021_t1_read);
	DECLARE_READ8_MEMBER(i8021_bus_read);

	// TMS1100 interface
	DECLARE_READ8_MEMBER(tms1100_read_k);
	DECLARE_WRITE16_MEMBER(tms1100_write_o);
	DECLARE_WRITE16_MEMBER(tms1100_write_r);

	// enums
	enum cpu_type
	{
		CPU_TYPE_I8021,
		CPU_TYPE_TMS1100
	};

	enum pcb_type
	{
		PCB_TYPE_4952_REV_A,
		PCB_TYPE_4952_9_REV_B,
		PCB_TYPE_4971_REV_C,
		PCB_TYPE_7924952D02,
		PCB_TYPE_UNKNOWN
	};

	enum rc_type
	{
		RC_TYPE_100PF_21_0K,
		RC_TYPE_100PF_23_2K,
		RC_TYPE_100PF_39_4K,
		RC_TYPE_UNKNOWN
	};

	cpu_type    m_cpu_type;
	pcb_type    m_pcb_type;
	rc_type     m_rc_type;


	required_device<dac_byte_interface> m_dac;
	required_device<i8021_device> m_i8021;
	required_device<tms1100_cpu_device> m_tms1100;
	required_device<generic_slot_device> m_cart;

	// Timers
	emu_timer *m_paddle_timer;

	// i8021 variables
	uint8_t   m_p0;
	uint8_t   m_p2;
	uint8_t   m_t1;

	// tms1100 variables
	uint16_t  m_r;
	uint16_t  m_o;

	// generic variables
	void    update_lcd();
	void    lcd_write(uint8_t control, uint8_t data);
	bool    m_pla;

	uint8_t   m_lcd_latch[8];
	uint8_t   m_lcd_holding_latch[8];
	uint8_t   m_lcd_latch_index;
	uint8_t   m_lcd[16][16];
	uint8_t   m_lcd_control_old;
};


void microvision_state::microvision_palette(palette_device &palette) const
{
	palette.set_pen_color( 15, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 );
	palette.set_pen_color( 14, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11 );
	palette.set_pen_color( 13, 0x22, 0x22, 0x22 );
	palette.set_pen_color( 12, 0x33, 0x33, 0x33 );
	palette.set_pen_color( 11, 0x44, 0x44, 0x44 );
	palette.set_pen_color( 10, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55 );
	palette.set_pen_color(  9, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66 );
	palette.set_pen_color(  8, 0x77, 0x77, 0x77 );
	palette.set_pen_color(  7, 0x88, 0x88, 0x88 );
	palette.set_pen_color(  6, 0x99, 0x99, 0x99 );
	palette.set_pen_color(  5, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa );
	palette.set_pen_color(  4, 0xbb, 0xbb, 0xbb );
	palette.set_pen_color(  3, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc );
	palette.set_pen_color(  2, 0xdd, 0xdd, 0xdd );
	palette.set_pen_color(  1, 0xee, 0xee, 0xee );
	palette.set_pen_color(  0, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff );
}


void microvision_state::machine_start()
{
	m_paddle_timer = timer_alloc(TIMER_PADDLE);

	save_item(NAME(m_p0));
	save_item(NAME(m_p2));
	save_item(NAME(m_t1));
	save_item(NAME(m_r));
	save_item(NAME(m_o));
	save_item(NAME(m_lcd_latch));
	save_item(NAME(m_lcd_latch_index));
	save_item(NAME(m_lcd));
	save_item(NAME(m_lcd_control_old));
	save_item(NAME(m_pla));
	save_item(NAME(m_lcd_holding_latch));
}


void microvision_state::machine_reset()
{
	std::fill(std::begin(m_lcd_latch), std::end(m_lcd_latch), 0);

	for (auto &elem : m_lcd)
		std::fill(std::begin(elem), std::end(elem), 0);

	m_o = 0;
	m_r = 0;
	m_p0 = 0;
	m_p2 = 0;
	m_t1 = 0;

	m_paddle_timer->adjust(attotime::never);

	switch (m_cpu_type)
	{
		case CPU_TYPE_I8021:
			m_i8021->resume(SUSPEND_REASON_DISABLE);
			m_tms1100->suspend(SUSPEND_REASON_DISABLE, 0);
			break;

		case CPU_TYPE_TMS1100:
			m_i8021->suspend(SUSPEND_REASON_DISABLE, 0);
			m_tms1100->resume(SUSPEND_REASON_DISABLE);

			switch (m_rc_type)
			{
				case RC_TYPE_100PF_21_0K:
					m_tms1100->set_clock(550000);
					break;

				case RC_TYPE_100PF_23_2K:
				case RC_TYPE_UNKNOWN:   // Default to most occurring setting
					m_tms1100->set_clock(500000);
					break;

				case RC_TYPE_100PF_39_4K:
					m_tms1100->set_clock(300000);
					break;
			}
			break;
	}
}


void microvision_state::update_lcd()
{
	uint16_t row = ( m_lcd_holding_latch[0] << 12 ) | ( m_lcd_holding_latch[1] << 8 ) | ( m_lcd_holding_latch[2] << 4 ) | m_lcd_holding_latch[3];
	uint16_t col = ( m_lcd_holding_latch[4] << 12 ) | ( m_lcd_holding_latch[5] << 8 ) | ( m_lcd_holding_latch[6] << 4 ) | m_lcd_holding_latch[7];

	LOG( "row = %04x, col = %04x\n", row, col );
	for ( int i = 0; i < 16; i++ )
	{
		uint16_t temp = row;

		for (auto & elem : m_lcd)
		{
			if ( ( temp & col ) & 0x8000 )
			{
				elem[i] = 15;
			}
			temp <<= 1;
		}
		col <<= 1;
	}
}


uint32_t microvision_state::screen_update(screen_device &screen, bitmap_ind16 &bitmap, const rectangle &cliprect)
{
	for ( uint8_t i = 0; i < 16; i++ )
	{
		for ( uint8_t j = 0; j < 16; j++ )
		{
			bitmap.pix16(i,j) = m_lcd [i] [j];
		}
	}

	return 0;
}


WRITE_LINE_MEMBER(microvision_state::screen_vblank)
{
	if ( state )
	{
		for (auto & elem : m_lcd)
		{
			for ( int j= 0; j < 16; j++ )
			{
				if ( elem[j] )
				{
					elem[j]--;
				}
			}
		}
		update_lcd();
	}
}


/*
control is signals LCD5 LCD4
  LCD5 = -Data Clk on 0488
  LCD4 = Latch pulse on 0488
  LCD3 = Data 0
  LCD2 = Data 1
  LCD1 = Data 2
  LCD0 = Data 3
data is signals LCD3 LCD2 LCD1 LCD0
*/
void microvision_state::lcd_write(uint8_t control, uint8_t data)
{
	// Latch pulse, when high, resets the %8 latch address counter
	if ( control & 0x01 ) {
		m_lcd_latch_index = 0;
	}

	// The addressed latches load when -Data Clk is low
	if ( ! ( control & 0x02 ) ) {
		m_lcd_latch[ m_lcd_latch_index & 0x07 ] = data & 0x0f;
	}

	// The latch address counter is incremented on rising edges of -Data Clk
	if ( ( ! ( m_lcd_control_old & 0x02 ) ) && ( control & 0x02 ) ) {
		// Check if Latch pule is low
		if ( ! ( control & 0x01 ) ) {
			m_lcd_latch_index++;
		}
	}

	// A parallel transfer of data from the addressed latches to the holding latches occurs
	// whenever Latch Pulse is high and -Data Clk is high
	if ( control == 3 ) {
		for ( int i = 0; i < 8; i++ ) {
			m_lcd_holding_latch[i] = m_lcd_latch[i];
		}
		update_lcd();
	}

	m_lcd_control_old = control;
}


void microvision_state::device_timer(emu_timer &timer, device_timer_id id, int param, void *ptr)
{
	switch ( id )
	{
		case TIMER_PADDLE:
			m_t1 = 0;
			break;
	}
}


/*
 x--- ---- KEY3
 -x-- ---- KEY4
 --x- ---- KEY5
 ---x ---- KEY6
 ---- x---
 ---- -x-- KEY0
 ---- --x- KEY1
 ---- ---x KEY2
*/
WRITE8_MEMBER( microvision_state::i8021_p0_write )
{
	LOG( "p0_write: %02x\n", data );

	m_p0 = data;
}


/*
 x--- ---- LCD3
 -x-- ---- LCD2
 --x- ---- LCD1
 ---x ---- LCD0
 ---- --x- LCD5
 ---- ---x LCD4
*/
WRITE8_MEMBER( microvision_state::i8021_p1_write )
{
	LOG( "p1_write: %02x\n", data );

	lcd_write( data & 0x03, data >> 4 );
}


/*
---- xx-- CAP2 (paddle)
---- --x- SPKR1
---- ---x SPKR0
*/
WRITE8_MEMBER( microvision_state::i8021_p2_write )
{
	LOG( "p2_write: %02x\n", data );

	m_p2 = data;

	m_dac->write(m_p2 & 0x03);

	if ( m_p2 & 0x0c )
	{
		m_t1 = 1;
		// Stop paddle timer
		m_paddle_timer->adjust( attotime::never );
	}
	else
	{
		// Start paddle timer (min is 160uS, max is 678uS)
		uint8_t paddle = 255 - ioport("PADDLE")->read();
		m_paddle_timer->adjust( attotime::from_usec(160 + ( 518 * paddle ) / 255 ) );
	}
}


READ_LINE_MEMBER( microvision_state::i8021_t1_read )
{
	return m_t1;
}


READ8_MEMBER( microvision_state::i8021_bus_read )
{
	uint8_t data = m_p0;

	uint8_t col0 = ioport("COL0")->read();
	uint8_t col1 = ioport("COL1")->read();
	uint8_t col2 = ioport("COL2")->read();

	// Row scanning
	if ( ! ( m_p0 & 0x80 ) )
	{
		uint8_t t = ( ( col0 & 0x01 ) << 2 ) | ( ( col1 & 0x01 ) << 1 ) | ( col2 & 0x01 );

		data &= ( t ^ 0xFF );
	}
	if ( ! ( m_p0 & 0x40 ) )
	{
		uint8_t t = ( ( col0 & 0x02 ) << 1 ) | ( col1 & 0x02 ) | ( ( col2 & 0x02 ) >> 1 );

		data &= ( t ^ 0xFF );
	}
	if ( ! ( m_p0 & 0x20 ) )
	{
		uint8_t t = ( col0 & 0x04 ) | ( ( col1 & 0x04 ) >> 1 ) | ( ( col2 & 0x04 ) >> 2 );

		data &= ( t ^ 0xFF );
	}
	if ( ! ( m_p0 & 0x10 ) )
	{
		uint8_t t = ( ( col0 & 0x08 ) >> 1 ) | ( ( col1 & 0x08 ) >> 2 ) | ( ( col2 & 0x08 ) >> 3 );

		data &= ( t ^ 0xFF );
	}
	return data;
}


READ8_MEMBER( microvision_state::tms1100_read_k )
{
	uint8_t data = 0;

	LOG("read_k\n");

	if ( m_r & 0x100 )
	{
		data |= ioport("COL0")->read();
	}
	if ( m_r & 0x200 )
	{
		data |= ioport("COL1")->read();
	}
	if ( m_r & 0x400 )
	{
		data |= ioport("COL2")->read();
	}
	return data;
}


WRITE16_MEMBER( microvision_state::tms1100_write_o )
{
	LOG("write_o: %04x\n", data);

	m_o = data;

	lcd_write( ( m_r >> 6 ) & 0x03, m_o & 0x0f );
}


/*
x-- ---- ---- KEY2
-x- ---- ---- KEY1
--x ---- ---- KEY0
--- x--- ---- LCD5
--- -x-- ---- LCD4
--- ---- --x- SPKR0
--- ---- ---x SPKR1
*/
WRITE16_MEMBER( microvision_state::tms1100_write_r )
{
	LOG("write_r: %04x\n", data);

	m_r = data;

	m_dac->write((BIT(m_r, 0) << 1) | BIT(m_r, 1));
	lcd_write( ( m_r >> 6 ) & 0x03, m_o & 0x0f );
}


static const u16 microvision_output_pla_0[0x20] =
{
	/* O output PLA configuration currently unknown */
	0x00, 0x08, 0x04, 0x0C, 0x02, 0x0A, 0x06, 0x0E,
	0x01, 0x09, 0x05, 0x0D, 0x03, 0x0B, 0x07, 0x0F,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
};


static const u16 microvision_output_pla_1[0x20] =
{
	/* O output PLA configuration currently unknown */
	/* Reversed bit order */
	0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
	0x08, 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x0E, 0x0F,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
};


DEVICE_IMAGE_LOAD_MEMBER(microvision_state::cart_load)
{
	uint8_t *rom1 = memregion("maincpu1")->base();
	uint8_t *rom2 = memregion("maincpu2")->base();
	uint32_t file_size = m_cart->common_get_size("rom");
	m_pla = 0;

	if ( file_size != 1024 && file_size != 2048 )
	{
		image.seterror(IMAGE_ERROR_UNSPECIFIED, "Invalid rom file size");
		return image_init_result::FAIL;
	}

	/* Read cartridge */
	if (!image.loaded_through_softlist())
	{
		if (image.fread(rom1, file_size) != file_size)
		{
			image.seterror(IMAGE_ERROR_UNSPECIFIED, "Unable to fully read from file");
			return image_init_result::FAIL;
		}
	}
	else
	{
		// Copy rom contents
		memcpy(rom1, image.get_software_region("rom"), file_size);

		// Get PLA type
		const char *pla = image.get_feature("pla");

		if (pla)
			m_pla = 1;

		m_tms1100->set_output_pla(m_pla ? microvision_output_pla_1 : microvision_output_pla_0);

		// Set default setting for PCB type and RC type
		m_pcb_type = microvision_state::PCB_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
		m_rc_type = microvision_state::RC_TYPE_UNKNOWN;

		// Detect settings for PCB type
		const char *pcb = image.get_feature("pcb");

		if (pcb)
		{
			static const struct { const char *pcb_name; microvision_state::pcb_type pcbtype; } pcb_types[] =
				{
					{ "4952 REV-A", microvision_state::PCB_TYPE_4952_REV_A },
					{ "4952-79 REV-B", microvision_state::PCB_TYPE_4952_9_REV_B },
					{ "4971-REV-C", microvision_state::PCB_TYPE_4971_REV_C },
					{ "7924952D02", microvision_state::PCB_TYPE_7924952D02 }
				};

			for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_LENGTH(pcb_types) && m_pcb_type == microvision_state::PCB_TYPE_UNKNOWN; i++)
			{
				if (!core_stricmp(pcb, pcb_types[i].pcb_name))
				{
					m_pcb_type = pcb_types[i].pcbtype;
				}
			}
		}

		// Detect settings for RC types
		const char *rc = image.get_feature("rc");

		if (rc)
		{
			static const struct { const char *rc_name; microvision_state::rc_type rctype; } rc_types[] =
				{
					{ "100pf/21.0K", microvision_state::RC_TYPE_100PF_21_0K },
					{ "100pf/23.2K", microvision_state::RC_TYPE_100PF_23_2K },
					{ "100pf/39.4K", microvision_state::RC_TYPE_100PF_39_4K }
				};

			for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_LENGTH(rc_types) && m_rc_type == microvision_state::RC_TYPE_UNKNOWN; i++)
			{
				if (!core_stricmp(rc, rc_types[i].rc_name))
				{
					m_rc_type = rc_types[i].rctype;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	// Mirror rom data to maincpu2 region
	memcpy(rom2, rom1, file_size);

	// Based on file size select cpu:
	// - 1024 -> I8021
	// - 2048 -> TI TMS1100

	switch (file_size)
	{
		case 1024:
			m_cpu_type = microvision_state::CPU_TYPE_I8021;
			break;

		case 2048:
			m_cpu_type = microvision_state::CPU_TYPE_TMS1100;
			break;
	}
	return image_init_result::PASS;
}


static INPUT_PORTS_START( microvision )
	PORT_START("COL0")
	PORT_BIT(0x08, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_BUTTON1)  PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_3) PORT_NAME("B01")
	PORT_BIT(0x04, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_BUTTON4)  PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_E) PORT_NAME("B04")
	PORT_BIT(0x02, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_BUTTON7)  PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_D) PORT_NAME("B07")
	PORT_BIT(0x01, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_BUTTON10) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_C) PORT_NAME("B10")

	PORT_START("COL1")
	PORT_BIT(0x08, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_BUTTON2)  PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_4) PORT_NAME("B02")
	PORT_BIT(0x04, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_BUTTON5)  PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_R) PORT_NAME("B05")
	PORT_BIT(0x02, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_BUTTON8)  PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_F) PORT_NAME("B08")
	PORT_BIT(0x01, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_BUTTON11) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_V) PORT_NAME("B11")

	PORT_START("COL2")
	PORT_BIT(0x08, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_BUTTON3)  PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_5) PORT_NAME("B03")
	PORT_BIT(0x04, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_BUTTON6)  PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_T) PORT_NAME("B06")
	PORT_BIT(0x02, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_BUTTON9)  PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_G) PORT_NAME("B09")
	PORT_BIT(0x01, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_BUTTON12) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_B) PORT_NAME("B12")

	PORT_START("PADDLE")
	PORT_BIT( 0xff, 0x80, IPT_PADDLE) PORT_PLAYER(1) PORT_SENSITIVITY(30) PORT_KEYDELTA(20) PORT_MINMAX(0, 255)
INPUT_PORTS_END


void microvision_state::microvision(machine_config &config)
{
	I8021(config, m_i8021, 2000000);    // approximately
	m_i8021->bus_out_cb().set(FUNC(microvision_state::i8021_p0_write));
	m_i8021->p1_out_cb().set(FUNC(microvision_state::i8021_p1_write));
	m_i8021->p2_out_cb().set(FUNC(microvision_state::i8021_p2_write));
	m_i8021->t1_in_cb().set(FUNC(microvision_state::i8021_t1_read));
	m_i8021->bus_in_cb().set(FUNC(microvision_state::i8021_bus_read));

	TMS1100(config, m_tms1100, 500000);   // most games seem to be running at approximately this speed
	m_tms1100->set_output_pla(microvision_output_pla_0);
	m_tms1100->k().set(FUNC(microvision_state::tms1100_read_k));
	m_tms1100->o().set(FUNC(microvision_state::tms1100_write_o));
	m_tms1100->r().set(FUNC(microvision_state::tms1100_write_r));

	config.set_maximum_quantum(attotime::from_hz(60));

	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_LCD));
	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
	screen.set_vblank_time(0);
	screen.set_screen_update(FUNC(microvision_state::screen_update));
	screen.screen_vblank().set(FUNC(microvision_state::screen_vblank));
	screen.set_size(16, 16);
	screen.set_visarea(0, 15, 0, 15);
	screen.set_palette("palette");

	PALETTE(config, "palette", FUNC(microvision_state::microvision_palette), 16);

	/* sound hardware */
	SPEAKER(config, "speaker").front_center();
	DAC_2BIT_BINARY_WEIGHTED_ONES_COMPLEMENT(config, m_dac, 0).add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "speaker", 0.25); // unknown DAC
	voltage_regulator_device &vref(VOLTAGE_REGULATOR(config, "vref"));
	vref.add_route(0, "dac", 1.0, DAC_VREF_POS_INPUT);
	vref.add_route(0, "dac", -1.0, DAC_VREF_NEG_INPUT);

	generic_cartslot_device &cartslot(GENERIC_CARTSLOT(config, "cartslot", generic_plain_slot, "microvision_cart"));
	cartslot.set_must_be_loaded(true);
	cartslot.set_device_load(FUNC(microvision_state::cart_load));

	/* Software lists */
	SOFTWARE_LIST(config, "cart_list").set_original("microvision");
}


ROM_START( microvsn )
	ROM_REGION( 0x800, "maincpu1", ROMREGION_ERASE00 )
	ROM_REGION( 0x800, "maincpu2", ROMREGION_ERASE00 )
	ROM_REGION( 867, "maincpu2:mpla", 0 )
	ROM_LOAD( "tms1100_default_mpla.pla", 0, 867, CRC(62445fc9) SHA1(d6297f2a4bc7a870b76cc498d19dbb0ce7d69fec) ) // verified for: pinball, blockbuster, bowling

	ROM_REGION( 365, "maincpu2:opla", ROMREGION_ERASE00 )
ROM_END


CONS( 1979, microvsn, 0, 0, microvision, microvision, microvision_state, empty_init, "Milton Bradley", "MicroVision", MACHINE_NOT_WORKING )