// license:BSD-3-Clause
// copyright-holders:Robbbert
/********************************************************************************
Bull (Originally R2E) Micral 80-22G
2015-10-01 Skeleton [Robbbert]
http://www.ti99.com/exelvision/website/index.php?page=r2e-micral-8022-g
This expensive, futuristic-looking design featured a motherboard and slots,
much like an ancient pc. The known chip complement is:
Z80A, 4MHz; 64KB RAM, 2KB BIOS ROM, 256x4 prom (7611);
CRT8002, TMS9937 (=CRT5037), 4KB video RAM, 256x4 prom (7611);
2x 5.25 inch floppy drives, one ST506 5MB hard drive;
CDP6402 UART. Sound is a beeper.
The keyboard has a uPD780C (=Z80) and 1KB of ROM.
The FDC and HDC are unknown.
No manuals, schematic or circuit description have been found.
Commands must be in uppercase. Reboot to exit each command.
Bx[,x]: ??
Gxxxx : go (writes a jump @FFED then jumps to FFEB)
T : test
* : echo keystrokes
enter : ??
Using generic keyboard via the uart for now. It's unknown how the real keyboard
communicates with the main cpu.
FFF8/9 are used for sending instructions to the screen. FFF9 is command/status,
and FFF8 is data. The codes 0-D seem to be for the CRT5037, but the results don't
make much sense. Code A0 is to write a byte to the current cursor position, and
B0 is to get the status.
Screen needs:
- Scrolling
- Proper character generator
- To be properly understood
- According to the web, graphics are possible. A screenshot shows reverse video
exists.
Other things...
- Beeper
- 2 floppy drives
- keyboard
- unknown ports
*********************************************************************************/
#include "emu.h"
#include "cpu/z80/z80.h"
#include "video/tms9927.h"
//#include "sound/beep.h"
#include "emupal.h"
#include "screen.h"
#include "speaker.h"
#include "machine/ay31015.h"
#include "bus/rs232/rs232.h"
class micral_state : public driver_device
{
public:
micral_state(const machine_config &mconfig, device_type type, const char *tag)
: driver_device(mconfig, type, tag)
, m_maincpu(*this, "maincpu")
//, m_beep(*this, "beeper")
, m_p_videoram(*this, "vram")
, m_p_chargen(*this, "chargen")
, m_uart(*this, "uart")
, m_crtc(*this, "crtc")
{ }
void micral(machine_config &config);
void init_micral();
private:
DECLARE_MACHINE_RESET(micral);
DECLARE_READ8_MEMBER(keyin_r);
DECLARE_READ8_MEMBER(status_r);
DECLARE_READ8_MEMBER(unk_r);
DECLARE_READ8_MEMBER(video_r);
DECLARE_WRITE8_MEMBER(video_w);
u32 screen_update(screen_device &screen, bitmap_ind16 &bitmap, const rectangle &cliprect);
void io_kbd(address_map &map);
void mem_kbd(address_map &map);
void mem_map(address_map &map);
u16 s_curpos;
u8 s_command;
u8 s_data;
required_device<cpu_device> m_maincpu;
//required_device<beep_device> m_beep;
required_region_ptr<u8> m_p_videoram;
required_region_ptr<u8> m_p_chargen;
required_device<ay31015_device> m_uart;
required_device<crt5037_device> m_crtc;
};
READ8_MEMBER( micral_state::status_r )
{
return m_uart->dav_r() | 4;
}
READ8_MEMBER( micral_state::unk_r )
{
return 0x96;
}
READ8_MEMBER( micral_state::keyin_r )
{
m_uart->write_rdav(0);
u8 result = m_uart->get_received_data();
m_uart->write_rdav(1);
return result;
}
READ8_MEMBER( micral_state::video_r )
{
if (offset)
return 0x07;
else
return m_p_videoram[s_curpos];
}
WRITE8_MEMBER( micral_state::video_w )
{
if (offset)
{
s_command = data;
if (s_command == 0x0c)
s_curpos = (s_curpos & 0xff00) | s_data;
else
if (s_command == 0x0d)
s_curpos = (s_curpos & 0xff) | ((s_data & 0x1f) << 8);
else
if (s_command == 0xa0)
m_p_videoram[s_curpos] = s_data;
//if (s_command < 0x10)
//m_crtc->write(space, s_command, s_data);
}
else
{
s_data = data;
}
}
void micral_state::mem_map(address_map &map)
{
map.unmap_value_high();
map(0x0000, 0xf7ff).ram();
map(0xf800, 0xfeff).rom();
map(0xff00, 0xffef).ram();
map(0xfff6, 0xfff7); // AM_WRITENOP // unknown ports
map(0xfff8, 0xfff9).rw(FUNC(micral_state::video_r), FUNC(micral_state::video_w));
map(0xfffa, 0xfffa).r(FUNC(micral_state::keyin_r));
map(0xfffb, 0xfffb).r(FUNC(micral_state::unk_r));
map(0xfffc, 0xfffc).r(FUNC(micral_state::status_r));
map(0xfffd, 0xffff); // more unknown ports
}
void micral_state::mem_kbd(address_map &map)
{
map.unmap_value_high();
map(0x0000, 0x03ff).rom();
map(0x8000, 0x8000).ram(); // byte returned to main cpu after receiving irq
map(0x8001, 0x8001).portr("X0");
map(0x8002, 0x8002).portr("X1");
map(0x8004, 0x8004).portr("X2");
map(0x8008, 0x8008).portr("X3");
map(0x8010, 0x8010).portr("X4");
map(0x8020, 0x8020).portr("X5");
map(0x8040, 0x8040).portr("X6");
map(0x8080, 0x8080).portr("X7");
map(0x8100, 0x8100).portr("X8");
map(0x8200, 0x8200).portr("X9");
map(0x8400, 0x8400).portr("X10");
map(0x8800, 0x8800).portr("X11");
map(0x9000, 0x9000).portr("X12");
map(0xa000, 0xa000).portr("X13");
}
void micral_state::io_kbd(address_map &map)
{
map.global_mask(0xff);
map(0x00, 0x00).portr("X14");
}
/* Input ports */
static INPUT_PORTS_START( micral )
PORT_START("X0")
PORT_BIT( 0x01, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_ESC)
PORT_BIT( 0x02, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_SPACE)
PORT_BIT( 0x04, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 01
PORT_BIT( 0x08, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 00
PORT_BIT( 0x10, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 03
PORT_BIT( 0x20, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 00
PORT_START("X1")
PORT_BIT( 0x01, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_1) // 2A
PORT_BIT( 0x02, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_3) // 22
PORT_BIT( 0x04, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_5) // 28
PORT_BIT( 0x08, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_7) // 94
PORT_BIT( 0x10, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_9) // 90
PORT_BIT( 0x20, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 29
PORT_START("X2")
PORT_BIT( 0x01, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 3E, 3C
PORT_BIT( 0x02, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 00
PORT_BIT( 0x04, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_A)
PORT_BIT( 0x08, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_E)
PORT_BIT( 0x10, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_T)
PORT_BIT( 0x20, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_U)
PORT_START("X3")
PORT_BIT( 0x01, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_O)
PORT_BIT( 0x02, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // '^'
PORT_BIT( 0x04, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 00
PORT_BIT( 0x08, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 00
PORT_BIT( 0x10, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_S)
PORT_BIT( 0x20, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_F)
PORT_START("X4")
PORT_BIT( 0x01, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_H)
PORT_BIT( 0x02, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_K)
PORT_BIT( 0x04, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_M)
PORT_BIT( 0x08, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_CLOSEBRACE) // 5B
PORT_BIT( 0x10, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // OB
PORT_BIT( 0x20, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_W)
PORT_START("X5")
PORT_BIT( 0x01, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_C)
PORT_BIT( 0x02, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_B)
PORT_BIT( 0x04, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_COMMA) // 3F
PORT_BIT( 0x08, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // ':','/'
PORT_BIT( 0x10, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 08
PORT_BIT( 0x20, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 06
PORT_START("X6")
PORT_BIT( 0x01, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_ENTER)
PORT_BIT( 0x02, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_TAB)
PORT_BIT( 0x04, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 00
PORT_BIT( 0x08, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 02
PORT_BIT( 0x10, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 00
PORT_BIT( 0x20, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 00
PORT_START("X7")
PORT_BIT( 0x01, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_2) // 91
PORT_BIT( 0x02, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_4) // 27
PORT_BIT( 0x04, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_6) // '-'
PORT_BIT( 0x08, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_8) // '_'
PORT_BIT( 0x10, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_0) // 8E
PORT_BIT( 0x20, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_EQUALS) // '+'
PORT_START("X8")
PORT_BIT( 0x01, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 00
PORT_BIT( 0x02, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 00
PORT_BIT( 0x04, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_Z)
PORT_BIT( 0x08, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_R)
PORT_BIT( 0x10, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_Y)
PORT_BIT( 0x20, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_I)
PORT_START("X9")
PORT_BIT( 0x01, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_P)
PORT_BIT( 0x02, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // '@', '#'
PORT_BIT( 0x04, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 00
PORT_BIT( 0x08, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_Q)
PORT_BIT( 0x10, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_D)
PORT_BIT( 0x20, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_G)
PORT_START("X10")
PORT_BIT( 0x01, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_J)
PORT_BIT( 0x02, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_L)
PORT_BIT( 0x04, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 9C, '%'
PORT_BIT( 0x08, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 05
PORT_BIT( 0x10, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 7F
PORT_BIT( 0x20, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_X)
PORT_START("X11")
PORT_BIT( 0x01, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_V)
PORT_BIT( 0x02, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_N)
PORT_BIT( 0x04, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // ';','.'
PORT_BIT( 0x08, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // '!','&'
PORT_BIT( 0x10, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 0A
PORT_BIT( 0x20, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 00
PORT_START("X12")
PORT_BIT( 0x01, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 95,FE
PORT_BIT( 0x02, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 97,FC
PORT_BIT( 0x04, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 9D,'$'
PORT_BIT( 0x08, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 96,'\'
PORT_BIT( 0x10, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 99,84
PORT_BIT( 0x20, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 9A,92
PORT_START("X13")
PORT_BIT( 0x01, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 00
PORT_BIT( 0x02, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 00
PORT_BIT( 0x04, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 00
PORT_BIT( 0x08, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 00
PORT_BIT( 0x10, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 00
PORT_BIT( 0x20, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) // 00
PORT_START("X14")
PORT_BIT( 0x04, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_RCONTROL) // ?? don't look for a new keypress
PORT_BIT( 0x20, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("SHIFT") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_LSHIFT) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_RSHIFT) PORT_CHAR(UCHAR_SHIFT_1)
PORT_BIT( 0x80, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_LCONTROL) // ??
INPUT_PORTS_END
uint32_t micral_state::screen_update(screen_device &screen, bitmap_ind16 &bitmap, const rectangle &cliprect)
{
uint8_t y,ra,chr,gfx;
uint16_t sy=0,ma=0,x;
for (y = 0; y < 24; y++)
{
for (ra = 0; ra < 10; ra++)
{
uint16_t *p = &bitmap.pix16(sy++);
for (x = 0; x < 80; x++)
{
gfx = 0;
if (ra < 9)
{
chr = m_p_videoram[x+ma];
gfx = m_p_chargen[(chr<<4) | ra ];
if (((s_curpos & 0xff)==x) && ((s_curpos >> 8)==y))
gfx ^= 0xff;
}
/* Display a scanline of a character */
*p++ = BIT(gfx, 7);
*p++ = BIT(gfx, 6);
*p++ = BIT(gfx, 5);
*p++ = BIT(gfx, 4);
*p++ = BIT(gfx, 3);
*p++ = BIT(gfx, 2);
*p++ = BIT(gfx, 1);
*p++ = BIT(gfx, 0);
}
}
ma+=256;
}
return 0;
}
void micral_state::init_micral()
{
//uint8_t *main = memregion("maincpu")->base();
//membank("bankr0")->configure_entry(1, &main[0xf800]);
//membank("bankr0")->configure_entry(0, &main[0x10000]);
//membank("bankw0")->configure_entry(0, &main[0xf800]);
}
MACHINE_RESET_MEMBER( micral_state, micral )
{
//membank("bankr0")->set_entry(0); // point at rom
//membank("bankw0")->set_entry(0); // always write to ram
m_maincpu->set_state_int(Z80_PC, 0xf800);
// no idea if these are hard-coded, or programmable
m_uart->write_xr(0);
m_uart->write_xr(1);
m_uart->write_swe(0);
m_uart->write_np(1);
m_uart->write_tsb(0);
m_uart->write_nb1(1);
m_uart->write_nb2(1);
m_uart->write_eps(1);
m_uart->write_cs(1);
m_uart->write_cs(0);
}
MACHINE_CONFIG_START(micral_state::micral)
// basic machine hardware
MCFG_DEVICE_ADD( "maincpu", Z80, XTAL(4'000'000) )
MCFG_DEVICE_PROGRAM_MAP(mem_map)
// no i/o ports on main cpu
MCFG_DEVICE_ADD( "keyboard", Z80, XTAL(1'000'000) ) // freq unknown
MCFG_DEVICE_PROGRAM_MAP(mem_kbd)
MCFG_DEVICE_IO_MAP(io_kbd)
MCFG_MACHINE_RESET_OVERRIDE(micral_state, micral)
// video hardware
MCFG_SCREEN_ADD_MONOCHROME("screen", RASTER, rgb_t::green())
MCFG_SCREEN_REFRESH_RATE(60)
MCFG_SCREEN_VBLANK_TIME(ATTOSECONDS_IN_USEC(250))
MCFG_SCREEN_UPDATE_DRIVER(micral_state, screen_update)
MCFG_SCREEN_SIZE(640, 240)
MCFG_SCREEN_VISIBLE_AREA(0, 639, 0, 239)
MCFG_SCREEN_PALETTE("palette")
PALETTE(config, "palette", palette_device::MONOCHROME);
//MCFG_DEVICE_ADD("gfxdecode", GFXDECODE, "palette", gfx_micral)
CRT5037(config, m_crtc, 4000000 / 8); // xtal freq unknown
m_crtc->set_char_width(8); // unknown
//m_crtc->vsyn_callback().set(TMS5501_TAG, FUNC(tms5501_device::sens_w));
m_crtc->set_screen("screen");
/* sound hardware */
//MCFG_SPEAKER_STANDARD_MONO("mono")
//MCFG_DEVICE_ADD("beeper", BEEP, 2000)
//MCFG_SOUND_ROUTE(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.50)
AY31015(config, m_uart); // CDP6402
m_uart->set_tx_clock(153600);
m_uart->set_rx_clock(153600);
m_uart->read_si_callback().set("rs232", FUNC(rs232_port_device::rxd_r));
m_uart->write_so_callback().set("rs232", FUNC(rs232_port_device::write_txd));
RS232_PORT(config, "rs232", default_rs232_devices, "keyboard");
MACHINE_CONFIG_END
ROM_START( micral )
ROM_REGION( 0x10000, "maincpu", 0 )
ROM_LOAD( "8022g.rom", 0xf800, 0x0800, CRC(882732a9) SHA1(3f37b82c450a54aedec209bd46fcbcf131c86313) )
ROM_REGION( 0x400, "keyboard", 0 )
ROM_LOAD( "2010221.rom", 0x000, 0x400, CRC(65123378) SHA1(401f0a648b78bf1662a1cd2546e83ba8e3cb7a42) )
ROM_REGION( 0x2000, "vram", ROMREGION_ERASEFF )
// Using the chargen from 'c10' for now.
ROM_REGION( 0x2000, "chargen", 0 )
ROM_LOAD( "c10_char.bin", 0x0000, 0x2000, BAD_DUMP CRC(cb530b6f) SHA1(95590bbb433db9c4317f535723b29516b9b9fcbf))
ROM_END
/* Driver */
// YEAR NAME PARENT COMPAT MACHINE INPUT CLASS INIT COMPANY FULLNAME FLAGS
COMP( 1981, micral, 0, 0, micral, micral, micral_state, init_micral, "Bull R2E", "Micral 80-22G", MACHINE_IS_SKELETON )