// license:BSD-3-Clause
// copyright-holders:hap, Kevin Horton
/***************************************************************************
Tiger Electronics K28: Talking Learning Computer (model 7-230/7-231)
* PCB marked PB-123 WIZARD, TIGER
* Intel P8021 MCU with 1KB internal ROM
* MM5445N VFD driver, 9-digit alphanumeric display same as snmath
* 2*TMS6100 (32KB VSM)
* SC-01-A speech chip
3 models exist:
- 7-230: darkblue case, toy-ish looks
- 7-231: gray case, hardware is the same
- 7-232: this one is completely different hw --> driver tispeak.cpp
TODO:
- external module support (no dumps yet)
- make MM5445N a device
***************************************************************************/
#include "emu.h"
#include "cpu/mcs48/mcs48.h"
#include "machine/timer.h"
#include "machine/tms6100.h"
#include "sound/votrax.h"
#include "speaker.h"
#include "k28.lh"
class k28_state : public driver_device
{
public:
k28_state(const machine_config &mconfig, device_type type, const char *tag)
: driver_device(mconfig, type, tag),
m_maincpu(*this, "maincpu"),
m_tms6100(*this, "tms6100"),
m_speech(*this, "speech"),
m_onbutton_timer(*this, "on_button"),
m_inp_matrix(*this, "IN.%u", 0),
m_out_x(*this, "%u.%u", 0U, 0U),
m_out_a(*this, "%u.a", 0U),
m_out_digit(*this, "digit%u", 0U),
m_display_wait(33),
m_display_maxy(1),
m_display_maxx(0)
{ }
void k28(machine_config &config);
DECLARE_INPUT_CHANGED_MEMBER(power_on);
private:
// devices
required_device<i8021_device> m_maincpu;
required_device<tms6100_device> m_tms6100;
required_device<votrax_sc01_device> m_speech;
required_device<timer_device> m_onbutton_timer;
required_ioport_array<7> m_inp_matrix;
output_finder<0x20, 0x20> m_out_x;
output_finder<0x20> m_out_a;
output_finder<0x20> m_out_digit;
// display common
int m_display_wait; // led/lamp off-delay in milliseconds (default 33ms)
int m_display_maxy; // display matrix number of rows
int m_display_maxx; // display matrix number of columns (max 31 for now)
u32 m_display_state[0x20]; // display matrix rows data (last bit is used for always-on)
u16 m_display_segmask[0x20]; // if not 0, display matrix row is a digit, mask indicates connected segments
u8 m_display_decay[0x20][0x20]; // (internal use)
TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(display_decay_tick);
void display_update();
void set_display_size(int maxx, int maxy);
void set_display_segmask(u32 digits, u32 mask);
void display_matrix(int maxx, int maxy, u32 setx, u32 sety, bool update = true);
bool m_power_on;
u8 m_inp_mux;
u8 m_phoneme;
int m_speech_strobe;
int m_vfd_data_enable;
int m_vfd_data_in;
int m_vfd_clock;
u64 m_vfd_shiftreg;
u64 m_vfd_shiftreg_out;
int m_vfd_shiftcount;
DECLARE_WRITE8_MEMBER(mcu_p0_w);
DECLARE_READ8_MEMBER(mcu_p1_r);
DECLARE_READ8_MEMBER(mcu_p2_r);
DECLARE_WRITE8_MEMBER(mcu_p2_w);
DECLARE_WRITE_LINE_MEMBER(mcu_prog_w);
void power_off();
virtual void machine_start() override;
virtual void machine_reset() override;
};
// machine start/reset/power
void k28_state::machine_start()
{
// resolve handlers
m_out_x.resolve();
m_out_a.resolve();
m_out_digit.resolve();
// zerofill
memset(m_display_state, 0, sizeof(m_display_state));
memset(m_display_decay, 0, sizeof(m_display_decay));
memset(m_display_segmask, 0, sizeof(m_display_segmask));
m_power_on = false;
m_inp_mux = 0;
m_phoneme = 0x3f;
m_speech_strobe = 0;
m_vfd_data_enable = 0;
m_vfd_data_in = 0;
m_vfd_clock = 0;
m_vfd_shiftreg = 0;
m_vfd_shiftreg_out = 0;
m_vfd_shiftcount = 0;
// register for savestates
save_item(NAME(m_display_maxy));
save_item(NAME(m_display_maxx));
save_item(NAME(m_display_wait));
save_item(NAME(m_display_state));
save_item(NAME(m_display_decay));
save_item(NAME(m_display_segmask));
save_item(NAME(m_power_on));
save_item(NAME(m_inp_mux));
save_item(NAME(m_phoneme));
save_item(NAME(m_speech_strobe));
save_item(NAME(m_vfd_data_enable));
save_item(NAME(m_vfd_data_in));
save_item(NAME(m_vfd_clock));
save_item(NAME(m_vfd_shiftreg));
save_item(NAME(m_vfd_shiftreg_out));
save_item(NAME(m_vfd_shiftcount));
}
void k28_state::machine_reset()
{
m_power_on = true;
m_maincpu->set_input_line(INPUT_LINE_RESET, CLEAR_LINE);
// the game relies on reading the on-button as pressed when it's turned on
m_onbutton_timer->adjust(attotime::from_msec(250));
}
INPUT_CHANGED_MEMBER(k28_state::power_on)
{
if (newval && !m_power_on)
machine_reset();
}
void k28_state::power_off()
{
m_power_on = false;
m_maincpu->set_input_line(INPUT_LINE_RESET, ASSERT_LINE);
}
/***************************************************************************
Helper Functions
***************************************************************************/
// The device may strobe the outputs very fast, it is unnoticeable to the user.
// To prevent flickering here, we need to simulate a decay.
void k28_state::display_update()
{
for (int y = 0; y < m_display_maxy; y++)
{
u32 active_state = 0;
for (int x = 0; x <= m_display_maxx; x++)
{
// turn on powered segments
if (m_power_on && m_display_state[y] >> x & 1)
m_display_decay[y][x] = m_display_wait;
// determine active state
u32 ds = (m_display_decay[y][x] != 0) ? 1 : 0;
active_state |= (ds << x);
// output to y.x, or y.a when always-on
if (x != m_display_maxx)
m_out_x[y][x] = ds;
else
m_out_a[y] = ds;
}
// output to digity
if (m_display_segmask[y] != 0)
m_out_digit[y] = active_state & m_display_segmask[y];
}
}
TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(k28_state::display_decay_tick)
{
// slowly turn off unpowered segments
for (int y = 0; y < m_display_maxy; y++)
for (int x = 0; x <= m_display_maxx; x++)
if (m_display_decay[y][x] != 0)
m_display_decay[y][x]--;
display_update();
}
void k28_state::set_display_size(int maxx, int maxy)
{
m_display_maxx = maxx;
m_display_maxy = maxy;
}
void k28_state::set_display_segmask(u32 digits, u32 mask)
{
// set a segment mask per selected digit, but leave unselected ones alone
for (int i = 0; i < 0x20; i++)
{
if (digits & 1)
m_display_segmask[i] = mask;
digits >>= 1;
}
}
void k28_state::display_matrix(int maxx, int maxy, u32 setx, u32 sety, bool update)
{
set_display_size(maxx, maxy);
// update current state
u32 mask = (1 << maxx) - 1;
for (int y = 0; y < maxy; y++)
m_display_state[y] = (sety >> y & 1) ? ((setx & mask) | (1 << maxx)) : 0;
display_update();
}
/***************************************************************************
I/O, Address Map(s)
***************************************************************************/
WRITE8_MEMBER(k28_state::mcu_p0_w)
{
// d0,d1: phoneme high bits
// d0-d2: input mux high bits
m_inp_mux = (m_inp_mux & 0xf) | (~data << 4 & 0x70);
m_phoneme = (m_phoneme & 0xf) | (data << 4 & 0x30);
// d3: SC-01 strobe, latch phoneme on rising edge
int strobe = data >> 3 & 1;
if (strobe && !m_speech_strobe)
m_speech->write(space, 0, m_phoneme);
m_speech_strobe = strobe;
// d5: VFD driver data enable
m_vfd_data_enable = ~data >> 5 & 1;
if (m_vfd_data_enable)
m_vfd_shiftreg = (m_vfd_shiftreg & ~u64(1)) | m_vfd_data_in;
// d4: VSM chip enable
// d6: VSM M0
// d7: VSM M1
m_tms6100->cs_w(~data >> 4 & 1);
m_tms6100->m0_w(data >> 6 & 1);
m_tms6100->m1_w(data >> 7 & 1);
m_tms6100->clk_w(1);
m_tms6100->clk_w(0);
}
READ8_MEMBER(k28_state::mcu_p1_r)
{
u8 data = 0;
// multiplexed inputs (active low)
for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++)
if (m_inp_mux >> i & 1)
{
data |= m_inp_matrix[i]->read();
// force press on-button at boot
if (i == 5 && m_onbutton_timer->enabled())
data |= 1;
}
return data ^ 0xff;
}
READ8_MEMBER(k28_state::mcu_p2_r)
{
// d3: VSM data
return (m_tms6100->data_line_r()) ? 8 : 0;
}
WRITE8_MEMBER(k28_state::mcu_p2_w)
{
// d0: VFD driver serial data
m_vfd_data_in = data & 1;
if (m_vfd_data_enable)
m_vfd_shiftreg = (m_vfd_shiftreg & ~u64(1)) | m_vfd_data_in;
// d0-d3: VSM data, input mux and SC-01 phoneme lower nibble
m_tms6100->add_w(space, 0, data);
m_inp_mux = (m_inp_mux & ~0xf) | (~data & 0xf);
m_phoneme = (m_phoneme & ~0xf) | (data & 0xf);
}
WRITE_LINE_MEMBER(k28_state::mcu_prog_w)
{
// 8021 PROG: clock VFD driver
bool rise = state == 1 && !m_vfd_clock;
m_vfd_clock = state;
// on rising edge
if (rise)
{
// leading 1 triggers shift start
if (m_vfd_shiftcount == 0 && ~m_vfd_shiftreg & 1)
return;
// output shiftreg on 35th clock
if (m_vfd_shiftcount == 35)
{
m_vfd_shiftcount = 0;
// output 0-15: digit segment data
u16 seg_data = (u16)(m_vfd_shiftreg >> 19);
seg_data = bitswap<16>(seg_data,0,1,13,9,10,12,14,8,3,4,5,2,15,11,6,7);
// output 16-24: digit select
u16 digit_sel = (u16)(m_vfd_shiftreg >> 10) & 0x1ff;
set_display_segmask(0x1ff, 0x3fff);
display_matrix(16, 9, seg_data, digit_sel);
// output 25: power-off request on falling edge
if (~m_vfd_shiftreg & m_vfd_shiftreg_out & 0x200)
power_off();
m_vfd_shiftreg_out = m_vfd_shiftreg;
}
else
{
m_vfd_shiftreg <<= 1;
m_vfd_shiftcount++;
}
}
}
/***************************************************************************
Inputs
***************************************************************************/
static INPUT_PORTS_START( k28 )
PORT_START("IN.0")
PORT_BIT( 0x01, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_OPENBRACE) PORT_NAME("Yes/True")
PORT_BIT( 0x02, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_G) PORT_CHAR('G')
PORT_BIT( 0x04, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_Q) PORT_CHAR('Q')
PORT_BIT( 0x08, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_QUOTE) PORT_CHAR('\'')
PORT_BIT( 0x10, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_CLOSEBRACE) PORT_NAME("No/False")
PORT_BIT( 0x20, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_H) PORT_CHAR('H')
PORT_BIT( 0x40, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_R) PORT_CHAR('R')
PORT_BIT( 0x80, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_SPACE) PORT_NAME("Select")
PORT_START("IN.1")
PORT_BIT( 0x01, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_END) PORT_NAME("Scroll")
PORT_BIT( 0x02, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_F) PORT_CHAR('F')
PORT_BIT( 0x04, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_P) PORT_CHAR('P')
PORT_BIT( 0x08, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_Z) PORT_CHAR('Z')
PORT_BIT( 0x10, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_COMMA) PORT_NAME("<")
PORT_BIT( 0x20, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_I) PORT_CHAR('I')
PORT_BIT( 0x40, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_S) PORT_CHAR('S')
PORT_BIT( 0x80, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_DEL) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_BACKSPACE) PORT_NAME("Erase/Clear")
PORT_START("IN.2")
PORT_BIT( 0x01, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_HOME) PORT_NAME("Menu")
PORT_BIT( 0x02, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_E) PORT_CHAR('E')
PORT_BIT( 0x04, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_O) PORT_CHAR('O')
PORT_BIT( 0x08, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_Y) PORT_CHAR('Y')
PORT_BIT( 0x10, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_STOP) PORT_NAME(">")
PORT_BIT( 0x20, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_J) PORT_CHAR('J')
PORT_BIT( 0x40, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_T) PORT_CHAR('T')
PORT_BIT( 0x80, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_ENTER) PORT_NAME("Enter/Start")
PORT_START("IN.3")
PORT_BIT( 0x01, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_SLASH) PORT_NAME("Prompt")
PORT_BIT( 0x02, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_D) PORT_CHAR('D')
PORT_BIT( 0x04, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_N) PORT_CHAR('N')
PORT_BIT( 0x08, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_X) PORT_CHAR('X')
PORT_BIT( 0x10, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_7) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_7_PAD) PORT_NAME("7")
PORT_BIT( 0x20, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_4) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_4_PAD) PORT_NAME("4")
PORT_BIT( 0x40, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_1) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_1_PAD) PORT_NAME("1")
PORT_BIT( 0x80, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_0) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_0_PAD) PORT_NAME("0")
PORT_START("IN.4")
PORT_BIT( 0x01, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_MINUS) PORT_NAME("Say It Again(Repeat)")
PORT_BIT( 0x02, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_C) PORT_CHAR('C')
PORT_BIT( 0x04, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_M) PORT_CHAR('M')
PORT_BIT( 0x08, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_W) PORT_CHAR('W')
PORT_BIT( 0x10, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_8) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_8_PAD) PORT_NAME("8")
PORT_BIT( 0x20, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_5) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_5_PAD) PORT_NAME("5")
PORT_BIT( 0x40, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_4) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_2_PAD) PORT_NAME("2")
PORT_BIT( 0x80, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_DEL_PAD) PORT_NAME(".")
PORT_START("IN.5")
PORT_BIT( 0x01, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_POWER_ON ) PORT_CHANGED_MEMBER(DEVICE_SELF, k28_state, power_on, nullptr)
PORT_BIT( 0x02, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_B) PORT_CHAR('B')
PORT_BIT( 0x04, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_L) PORT_CHAR('L')
PORT_BIT( 0x08, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_V) PORT_CHAR('V')
PORT_BIT( 0x10, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_9) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_9_PAD) PORT_NAME("9")
PORT_BIT( 0x20, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_6) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_6_PAD) PORT_NAME("6")
PORT_BIT( 0x40, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_3) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_3_PAD) PORT_NAME("3")
PORT_BIT( 0x80, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_ENTER_PAD) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_EQUALS) PORT_NAME("=")
PORT_START("IN.6")
PORT_BIT( 0x01, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_POWER_OFF ) // -> auto_power_off
PORT_BIT( 0x02, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_A) PORT_CHAR('A')
PORT_BIT( 0x04, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_K) PORT_CHAR('K')
PORT_BIT( 0x08, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_U) PORT_CHAR('U')
PORT_BIT( 0x10, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_SLASH_PAD) PORT_NAME(UTF8_DIVIDE)
PORT_BIT( 0x20, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_ASTERISK) PORT_NAME(UTF8_MULTIPLY)
PORT_BIT( 0x40, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_MINUS_PAD) PORT_NAME("-")
PORT_BIT( 0x80, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_PLUS_PAD) PORT_NAME("+")
INPUT_PORTS_END
/***************************************************************************
Machine Config
***************************************************************************/
void k28_state::k28(machine_config &config)
{
/* basic machine hardware */
I8021(config, m_maincpu, 3.579545_MHz_XTAL);
m_maincpu->bus_out_cb().set(FUNC(k28_state::mcu_p0_w));
m_maincpu->p1_in_cb().set(FUNC(k28_state::mcu_p1_r));
m_maincpu->p2_in_cb().set(FUNC(k28_state::mcu_p2_r));
m_maincpu->p2_out_cb().set(FUNC(k28_state::mcu_p2_w));
m_maincpu->prog_out_cb().set(FUNC(k28_state::mcu_prog_w));
m_maincpu->t1_in_cb().set("speech", FUNC(votrax_sc01_device::request)); // SC-01 A/R pin
TMS6100(config, m_tms6100, 3.579545_MHz_XTAL); // CLK tied to 8021 ALE pin
TIMER(config, "on_button").configure_generic(timer_device::expired_delegate());
TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(k28_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
config.set_default_layout(layout_k28);
/* sound hardware */
SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
VOTRAX_SC01(config, "speech", 760000).add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.5); // measured 760kHz on its RC pin
}
/***************************************************************************
ROM Defs, Game driver(s)
***************************************************************************/
ROM_START( k28 )
ROM_REGION( 0x1000, "maincpu", 0 )
ROM_LOAD( "p8021", 0x0000, 0x0400, CRC(15536d20) SHA1(fac98ce652340ffb2d00952697c3a9ce75393fa4) )
ROM_REGION( 0x10000, "tms6100", ROMREGION_ERASEFF ) // 8000-bfff? = space reserved for cartridge
ROM_LOAD( "cm62050.vsm", 0x0000, 0x4000, CRC(6afb8645) SHA1(e22435568ed11c6516a3b4008131f99cd4e47aa9) )
ROM_LOAD( "cm62051.vsm", 0x4000, 0x4000, CRC(0fa61baa) SHA1(831be669423ba60c7f85a896b4b09a1295478bd9) )
ROM_END
// YEAR NAME PARENT CMP MACHINE INPUT CLASS INIT COMPANY FULLNAME FLAGS
COMP( 1981, k28, 0, 0, k28, k28, k28_state, empty_init, "Tiger Electronics", "K28: Talking Learning Computer (model 7-230)", MACHINE_SUPPORTS_SAVE )