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path: root/src/emu/rendlay.cpp
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// license:BSD-3-Clause
// copyright-holders:Aaron Giles, Vas Crabb
/***************************************************************************

    rendlay.c

    Core rendering layout parser and manager.

***************************************************************************/

#include "emu.h"

#include "emuopts.h"
#include "render.h"
#include "rendfont.h"
#include "rendlay.h"
#include "rendutil.h"
#include "vecstream.h"
#include "xmlfile.h"

#include <ctype.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <iomanip>
#include <locale>
#include <sstream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <tuple>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>



/***************************************************************************
    STANDARD LAYOUTS
***************************************************************************/

// screenless layouts
#include "noscreens.lh"

// dual screen layouts
#include "dualhsxs.lh"
#include "dualhovu.lh"
#include "dualhuov.lh"

// triple screen layouts
#include "triphsxs.lh"

// quad screen layouts
#include "quadhsxs.lh"


namespace {

//**************************************************************************
//  CONSTANTS
//**************************************************************************

constexpr int LAYOUT_VERSION = 2;

enum
{
	LINE_CAP_NONE = 0,
	LINE_CAP_START = 1,
	LINE_CAP_END = 2
};

std::locale const f_portable_locale("C");

constexpr layout_group::transform identity_transform{{ {{ 1.0F, 0.0F, 0.0F }}, {{ 0.0F, 1.0F, 0.0F }}, {{ 0.0F, 0.0F, 1.0F }} }};



//**************************************************************************
//  INLINE HELPERS
//**************************************************************************

inline void render_bounds_transform(render_bounds &bounds, layout_group::transform const &trans)
{
	bounds = render_bounds{
			(bounds.x0 * trans[0][0]) + (bounds.y0 * trans[0][1]) + trans[0][2],
			(bounds.x0 * trans[1][0]) + (bounds.y0 * trans[1][1]) + trans[1][2],
			(bounds.x1 * trans[0][0]) + (bounds.y1 * trans[0][1]) + trans[0][2],
			(bounds.x1 * trans[1][0]) + (bounds.y1 * trans[1][1]) + trans[1][2] };
}

constexpr render_color render_color_multiply(render_color const &x, render_color const &y)
{
	return render_color{ x.a * y.a, x.r * y.r, x.g * y.g, x.b * y.b };
}



//**************************************************************************
//  ERROR CLASSES
//**************************************************************************

class layout_syntax_error : public std::invalid_argument { using std::invalid_argument::invalid_argument; };
class layout_reference_error : public std::out_of_range { using std::out_of_range::out_of_range; };

} // anonymous namespace


namespace emu { namespace render { namespace detail {

class layout_environment
{
private:
	class entry
	{
	public:
		entry(std::string &&name, std::string &&t)
			: m_name(std::move(name))
			, m_text(std::move(t))
			, m_text_valid(true)
		{ }
		entry(std::string &&name, s64 i)
			: m_name(std::move(name))
			, m_int(i)
			, m_int_valid(true)
		{ }
		entry(std::string &&name, double f)
			: m_name(std::move(name))
			, m_float(f)
			, m_float_valid(true)
		{ }
		entry(std::string &&name, std::string &&t, s64 i, int s)
			: m_name(std::move(name))
			, m_text(std::move(t))
			, m_int_increment(i)
			, m_shift(s)
			, m_text_valid(true)
			, m_generator(true)
		{ }
		entry(std::string &&name, std::string &&t, double i, int s)
			: m_name(std::move(name))
			, m_text(std::move(t))
			, m_float_increment(i)
			, m_shift(s)
			, m_text_valid(true)
			, m_generator(true)
		{ }
		entry(entry &&) = default;
		entry &operator=(entry &&) = default;

		void set(std::string &&t)
		{
			m_text = std::move(t);
			m_text_valid = true;
			m_int_valid = false;
			m_float_valid = false;
		}
		void set(s64 i)
		{
			m_int = i;
			m_text_valid = false;
			m_int_valid = true;
			m_float_valid = false;
		}
		void set(double f)
		{
			m_float = f;
			m_text_valid = false;
			m_int_valid = false;
			m_float_valid = true;
		}

		std::string const &name() const { return m_name; }
		bool is_generator() const { return m_generator; }

		std::string const &get_text()
		{
			if (!m_text_valid)
			{
				if (m_float_valid)
				{
					m_text = std::to_string(m_float);
					m_text_valid = true;
				}
				else if (m_int_valid)
				{
					m_text = std::to_string(m_int);
					m_text_valid = true;
				}
			}
			return m_text;
		}

		void increment()
		{
			if (is_generator())
			{
				// apply increment
				if (m_float_increment)
				{
					if (m_int_valid && !m_float_valid)
					{
						m_float = m_int;
						m_float_valid = true;
					}
					if (m_text_valid && !m_float_valid)
					{
						std::istringstream stream(m_text);
						stream.imbue(f_portable_locale);
						if (m_text[0] == '$')
						{
							stream.get();
							u64 uvalue;
							stream >> std::hex >> uvalue;
							m_float = uvalue;
						}
						else if ((m_text[0] == '0') && ((m_text[1] == 'x') || (m_text[1] == 'X')))
						{
							stream.get();
							stream.get();
							u64 uvalue;
							stream >> std::hex >> uvalue;
							m_float = uvalue;
						}
						else if (m_text[0] == '#')
						{
							stream.get();
							stream >> m_int;
							m_float = m_int;
						}
						else
						{
							stream >> m_float;
						}
						m_float_valid = bool(stream);
					}
					m_float += m_float_increment;
					m_int_valid = m_text_valid = false;
				}
				else
				{
					if (m_text_valid && !m_int_valid && !m_float_valid)
					{
						std::istringstream stream(m_text);
						stream.imbue(f_portable_locale);
						if (m_text[0] == '$')
						{
							stream.get();
							u64 uvalue;
							stream >> std::hex >> uvalue;
							m_int = s64(uvalue);
							m_int_valid = bool(stream);
						}
						else if ((m_text[0] == '0') && ((m_text[1] == 'x') || (m_text[1] == 'X')))
						{
							stream.get();
							stream.get();
							u64 uvalue;
							stream >> std::hex >> uvalue;
							m_int = s64(uvalue);
							m_int_valid = bool(stream);
						}
						else if (m_text[0] == '#')
						{
							stream.get();
							stream >> m_int;
							m_int_valid = bool(stream);
						}
						else if (m_text.find_first_of(".eE") != std::string::npos)
						{
							stream >> m_float;
							m_float_valid = bool(stream);
						}
						else
						{
							stream >> m_int;
							m_int_valid = bool(stream);
						}
					}

					if (m_float_valid)
					{
						m_float += m_int_increment;
						m_int_valid = m_text_valid = false;
					}
					else
					{
						m_int += m_int_increment;
						m_float_valid = m_text_valid = false;
					}
				}

				// apply shift
				if (m_shift)
				{
					if (m_float_valid && !m_int_valid)
					{
						m_int = s64(m_float);
						m_int_valid = true;
					}
					if (m_text_valid && !m_int_valid)
					{
						std::istringstream stream(m_text);
						stream.imbue(f_portable_locale);
						if (m_text[0] == '$')
						{
							stream.get();
							u64 uvalue;
							stream >> std::hex >> uvalue;
							m_int = s64(uvalue);
						}
						else if ((m_text[0] == '0') && ((m_text[1] == 'x') || (m_text[1] == 'X')))
						{
							stream.get();
							stream.get();
							u64 uvalue;
							stream >> std::hex >> uvalue;
							m_int = s64(uvalue);
						}
						else
						{
							if (m_text[0] == '#')
								stream.get();
							stream >> m_int;
						}
						m_int_valid = bool(stream);
					}
					if (0 > m_shift)
						m_int >>= -m_shift;
					else
						m_int <<= m_shift;
					m_text_valid = m_float_valid = false;
				}
			}
		}

		static bool name_less(entry const &lhs, entry const &rhs) { return lhs.name() < rhs.name(); }

	private:
		std::string m_name;
		std::string m_text;
		s64 m_int = 0, m_int_increment = 0;
		double m_float = 0.0, m_float_increment = 0.0;
		int m_shift = 0;
		bool m_text_valid = false;
		bool m_int_valid = false;
		bool m_float_valid = false;
		bool m_generator = false;
	};

	using entry_vector = std::vector<entry>;

	template <typename T, typename U>
	void try_insert(T &&name, U &&value)
	{
		entry_vector::iterator const pos(
				std::lower_bound(
					m_entries.begin(),
					m_entries.end(),
					name,
					[] (entry const &lhs, auto const &rhs) { return lhs.name() < rhs; }));
		if ((m_entries.end() == pos) || (pos->name() != name))
			m_entries.emplace(pos, std::forward<T>(name), std::forward<U>(value));
	}

	template <typename T, typename U>
	void set(T &&name, U &&value)
	{
		entry_vector::iterator const pos(
				std::lower_bound(
					m_entries.begin(),
					m_entries.end(),
					name,
					[] (entry const &lhs, auto const &rhs) { return lhs.name() < rhs; }));
		if ((m_entries.end() == pos) || (pos->name() != name))
			m_entries.emplace(pos, std::forward<T>(name), std::forward<U>(value));
		else
			pos->set(std::forward<U>(value));
	}

	void cache_device_entries()
	{
		if (!m_next && !m_cached)
		{
			try_insert("devicetag", device().tag());
			try_insert("devicebasetag", device().basetag());
			try_insert("devicename", device().name());
			try_insert("deviceshortname", device().shortname());
			util::ovectorstream tmp;
			unsigned i(0U);
			for (screen_device const &screen : screen_device_iterator(machine().root_device()))
			{
				std::pair<u64, u64> const physaspect(screen.physical_aspect());
				s64 const w(screen.visible_area().width()), h(screen.visible_area().height());
				s64 xaspect(w), yaspect(h);
				util::reduce_fraction(xaspect, yaspect);

				tmp.seekp(0);
				util::stream_format(tmp, "scr%uphysicalxaspect", i);
				tmp.put('\0');
				try_insert(&tmp.vec()[0], s64(physaspect.first));

				tmp.seekp(0);
				util::stream_format(tmp, "scr%uphysicalyaspect", i);
				tmp.put('\0');
				try_insert(&tmp.vec()[0], s64(physaspect.second));

				tmp.seekp(0);
				util::stream_format(tmp, "scr%unativexaspect", i);
				tmp.put('\0');
				try_insert(&tmp.vec()[0], xaspect);

				tmp.seekp(0);
				util::stream_format(tmp, "scr%unativeyaspect", i);
				tmp.put('\0');
				try_insert(&tmp.vec()[0], yaspect);

				tmp.seekp(0);
				util::stream_format(tmp, "scr%uwidth", i);
				tmp.put('\0');
				try_insert(&tmp.vec()[0], w);

				tmp.seekp(0);
				util::stream_format(tmp, "scr%uheight", i);
				tmp.put('\0');
				try_insert(&tmp.vec()[0], h);

				++i;
			}
			m_cached = true;
		}
	}

	entry *find_entry(char const *begin, char const *end)
	{
		cache_device_entries();
		entry_vector::iterator const pos(
				std::lower_bound(
					m_entries.begin(),
					m_entries.end(),
					std::make_pair(begin, end - begin),
					[] (entry const &lhs, std::pair<char const *, std::ptrdiff_t> const &rhs)
					{ return 0 > std::strncmp(lhs.name().c_str(), rhs.first, rhs.second); }));
		if ((m_entries.end() != pos) && (pos->name().length() == (end - begin)) && !std::strncmp(pos->name().c_str(), begin, end - begin))
			return &*pos;
		else
			return m_next ? m_next->find_entry(begin, end) : nullptr;
	}

	template <typename... T>
	std::tuple<char const *, char const *, bool> get_variable_text(T &&... args)
	{
		entry *const found(find_entry(std::forward<T>(args)...));
		if (found)
		{
			std::string const &text(found->get_text());
			char const *const begin(text.c_str());
			return std::make_tuple(begin, begin + text.length(), true);
		}
		else
		{
			return std::make_tuple(nullptr, nullptr, false);
		}
	}

	std::pair<char const *, char const *> expand(char const *begin, char const *end)
	{
		// search for candidate variable references
		char const *start(begin);
		char const *pos(std::find_if(start, end, is_variable_start));
		while (pos != end)
		{
			char const *const term(std::find_if(pos + 1, end, [] (char ch) { return !is_variable_char(ch); }));
			if ((term == end) || !is_variable_end(*term))
			{
				// not a valid variable name - keep searching
				pos = std::find_if(term, end, is_variable_start);
			}
			else
			{
				// looks like a variable reference - try to look it up
				std::tuple<char const *, char const *, bool> const text(get_variable_text(pos + 1, term));
				if (std::get<2>(text))
				{
					// variable found
					if (begin == start)
						m_buffer.seekp(0);
					m_buffer.write(start, pos - start);
					m_buffer.write(std::get<0>(text), std::get<1>(text) - std::get<0>(text));
					start = term + 1;
					pos = std::find_if(start, end, is_variable_start);
				}
				else
				{
					// variable not found - move on
					pos = std::find_if(pos + 1, end, is_variable_start);
				}
			}
		}

		// short-circuit the case where no substitutions were made
		if (start == begin)
		{
			return std::make_pair(begin, end);
		}
		else
		{
			m_buffer.write(start, pos - start);
			m_buffer.put('\0');
			std::vector<char> const &vec(m_buffer.vec());
			if (vec.empty())
				return std::make_pair(nullptr, nullptr);
			else
				return std::make_pair(&vec[0], &vec[0] + vec.size() - 1);
		}
	}

	std::pair<char const *, char const *> expand(char const *str)
	{
		return expand(str, str + strlen(str));
	}

	std::string parameter_name(util::xml::data_node const &node)
	{
		char const *const attrib(node.get_attribute_string("name", nullptr));
		if (!attrib)
			throw layout_syntax_error("parameter lacks name attribute");
		std::pair<char const *, char const *> const expanded(expand(attrib));
		return std::string(expanded.first, expanded.second);
	}

	static constexpr bool is_variable_start(char ch)
	{
		return '~' == ch;
	}
	static constexpr bool is_variable_end(char ch)
	{
		return '~' == ch;
	}
	static constexpr bool is_variable_char(char ch)
	{
		return (('0' <= ch) && ('9' >= ch)) || (('A' <= ch) && ('Z' >= ch)) || (('a' <= ch) && ('z' >= ch)) || ('_' == ch);
	}

	entry_vector m_entries;
	util::ovectorstream m_buffer;
	device_t &m_device;
	layout_environment *const m_next = nullptr;
	bool m_cached = false;

public:
	explicit layout_environment(device_t &device) : m_device(device) { }
	explicit layout_environment(layout_environment &next) : m_device(next.m_device), m_next(&next) { }
	layout_environment(layout_environment const &) = delete;

	device_t &device() { return m_device; }
	running_machine &machine() { return device().machine(); }
	bool is_root_device() { return &device() == &machine().root_device(); }

	void set_parameter(std::string &&name, std::string &&value)
	{
		set(std::move(name), std::move(value));
	}

	void set_parameter(std::string &&name, s64 value)
	{
		set(std::move(name), value);
	}

	void set_parameter(std::string &&name, double value)
	{
		set(std::move(name), value);
	}

	void set_parameter(util::xml::data_node const &node)
	{
		// do basic validation
		std::string name(parameter_name(node));
		if (node.has_attribute("start") || node.has_attribute("increment") || node.has_attribute("lshift") || node.has_attribute("rshift"))
			throw layout_syntax_error("start/increment/lshift/rshift attributes are only allowed for repeat parameters");
		char const *const value(node.get_attribute_string("value", nullptr));
		if (!value)
			throw layout_syntax_error("parameter lacks value attribute");

		// expand value and stash
		std::pair<char const *, char const *> const expanded(expand(value));
		set(std::move(name), std::string(expanded.first, expanded.second));
	}

	void set_repeat_parameter(util::xml::data_node const &node, bool init)
	{
		// two types are allowed here - static value, and start/increment/lshift/rshift
		std::string name(parameter_name(node));
		char const *const start(node.get_attribute_string("start", nullptr));
		if (start)
		{
			// simple validity checks
			if (node.has_attribute("value"))
				throw layout_syntax_error("start attribute may not be used in combination with value attribute");
			int const lshift(node.has_attribute("lshift") ? get_attribute_int(node, "lshift", -1) : 0);
			int const rshift(node.has_attribute("rshift") ? get_attribute_int(node, "rshift", -1) : 0);
			if ((0 > lshift) || (0 > rshift))
				throw layout_syntax_error("lshift/rshift attributes must be non-negative integers");

			// increment is more complex - it may be an integer or a floating-point number
			s64 intincrement(0);
			double floatincrement(0);
			char const *const increment(node.get_attribute_string("increment", nullptr));
			if (increment)
			{
				std::pair<char const *, char const *> const expanded(expand(increment));
				unsigned const hexprefix((expanded.first[0] == '$') ? 1U : ((expanded.first[0] == '0') && ((expanded.first[1] == 'x') || (expanded.first[1] == 'X'))) ? 2U : 0U);
				unsigned const decprefix((expanded.first[0] == '#') ? 1U : 0U);
				bool const floatchars(std::find_if(expanded.first, expanded.second, [] (char ch) { return ('.' == ch) || ('e' == ch) || ('E' == ch); }) != expanded.second);
				std::istringstream stream(std::string(expanded.first + hexprefix + decprefix, expanded.second));
				stream.imbue(f_portable_locale);
				if (!hexprefix && !decprefix && floatchars)
				{
					stream >> floatincrement;
				}
				else if (hexprefix)
				{
					u64 uvalue;
					stream >> std::hex >> uvalue;
					intincrement = s64(uvalue);
				}
				else
				{
					stream >> intincrement;
				}

				// reject obviously bad stuff
				if (!stream)
					throw layout_syntax_error("increment attribute must be a number");
			}

			// don't allow generator parameters to be redefined
			if (init)
			{
				entry_vector::iterator const pos(
						std::lower_bound(
							m_entries.begin(),
							m_entries.end(),
							name,
							[] (entry const &lhs, auto const &rhs) { return lhs.name() < rhs; }));
				if ((m_entries.end() != pos) && (pos->name() == name))
					throw layout_syntax_error("generator parameters must be defined exactly once per scope");

				std::pair<char const *, char const *> const expanded(expand(start));
				if (floatincrement)
					m_entries.emplace(pos, std::move(name), std::string(expanded.first, expanded.second), floatincrement, lshift - rshift);
				else
					m_entries.emplace(pos, std::move(name), std::string(expanded.first, expanded.second), intincrement, lshift - rshift);
			}
		}
		else if (node.has_attribute("increment") || node.has_attribute("lshift") || node.has_attribute("rshift"))
		{
			throw layout_syntax_error("increment/lshift/rshift attributes require start attribute");
		}
		else
		{
			char const *const value(node.get_attribute_string("value", nullptr));
			if (!value)
				throw layout_syntax_error("parameter lacks value attribute");
			std::pair<char const *, char const *> const expanded(expand(value));
			entry_vector::iterator const pos(
					std::lower_bound(
						m_entries.begin(),
						m_entries.end(),
						name,
						[] (entry const &lhs, auto const &rhs) { return lhs.name() < rhs; }));
			if ((m_entries.end() == pos) || (pos->name() != name))
				m_entries.emplace(pos, std::move(name), std::string(expanded.first, expanded.second));
			else if (pos->is_generator())
				throw layout_syntax_error("generator parameters must be defined exactly once per scope");
			else
				pos->set(std::string(expanded.first, expanded.second));
		}
	}

	void increment_parameters()
	{
		m_entries.erase(
				std::remove_if(
					m_entries.begin(),
					m_entries.end(),
					[] (entry &e)
					{
						if (!e.is_generator())
							return true;
						e.increment();
						return false;
					}),
				m_entries.end());
	}

	char const *get_attribute_string(util::xml::data_node const &node, char const *name, char const *defvalue)
	{
		char const *const attrib(node.get_attribute_string(name, nullptr));
		return attrib ? expand(attrib).first : defvalue;
	}

	int get_attribute_int(util::xml::data_node const &node, const char *name, int defvalue)
	{
		char const *const attrib(node.get_attribute_string(name, nullptr));
		if (!attrib)
			return defvalue;

		// similar to what XML nodes do
		std::pair<char const *, char const *> const expanded(expand(attrib));
		std::istringstream stream;
		stream.imbue(f_portable_locale);
		int result;
		if (expanded.first[0] == '$')
		{
			stream.str(std::string(expanded.first + 1, expanded.second));
			unsigned uvalue;
			stream >> std::hex >> uvalue;
			result = int(uvalue);
		}
		else if ((expanded.first[0] == '0') && ((expanded.first[1] == 'x') || (expanded.first[1] == 'X')))
		{
			stream.str(std::string(expanded.first + 2, expanded.second));
			unsigned uvalue;
			stream >> std::hex >> uvalue;
			result = int(uvalue);
		}
		else if (expanded.first[0] == '#')
		{
			stream.str(std::string(expanded.first + 1, expanded.second));
			stream >> result;
		}
		else
		{
			stream.str(std::string(expanded.first, expanded.second));
			stream >> result;
		}

		return stream ? result : defvalue;
	}

	float get_attribute_float(util::xml::data_node const &node, char const *name, float defvalue)
	{
		char const *const attrib(node.get_attribute_string(name, nullptr));
		if (!attrib)
			return defvalue;

		// similar to what XML nodes do
		std::pair<char const *, char const *> const expanded(expand(attrib));
		std::istringstream stream(std::string(expanded.first, expanded.second));
		stream.imbue(f_portable_locale);
		float result;
		return (stream >> result) ? result : defvalue;
	}

	void parse_bounds(util::xml::data_node const *node, render_bounds &result)
	{
		// default to unit rectangle
		if (!node)
		{
			result.x0 = result.y0 = 0.0F;
			result.x1 = result.y1 = 1.0F;
		}
		else
		{
			// parse attributes
			if (node->has_attribute("left"))
			{
				// left/right/top/bottom format
				result.x0 = get_attribute_float(*node, "left", 0.0F);
				result.x1 = get_attribute_float(*node, "right", 1.0F);
				result.y0 = get_attribute_float(*node, "top", 0.0F);
				result.y1 = get_attribute_float(*node, "bottom", 1.0F);
			}
			else if (node->has_attribute("x"))
			{
				// x/y/width/height format
				result.x0 = get_attribute_float(*node, "x", 0.0F);
				result.x1 = result.x0 + get_attribute_float(*node, "width", 1.0F);
				result.y0 = get_attribute_float(*node, "y", 0.0F);
				result.y1 = result.y0 + get_attribute_float(*node, "height", 1.0F);
			}
			else
			{
				throw layout_syntax_error("bounds element requires either left or x attribute");
			}

			// check for errors
			if ((result.x0 > result.x1) || (result.y0 > result.y1))
				throw layout_syntax_error(util::string_format("illegal bounds (%f-%f)-(%f-%f)", result.x0, result.x1, result.y0, result.y1));
		}
	}

	render_color parse_color(util::xml::data_node const *node)
	{
		// default to opaque white
		if (!node)
			return render_color{ 1.0F, 1.0F, 1.0F, 1.0F };

		// parse attributes
		render_color const result{
				get_attribute_float(*node, "alpha", 1.0F),
				get_attribute_float(*node, "red", 1.0F),
				get_attribute_float(*node, "green", 1.0F),
				get_attribute_float(*node, "blue", 1.0F) };

		// check for errors
		if ((0.0F > (std::min)({ result.r, result.g, result.b, result.a })) || (1.0F < (std::max)({ result.r, result.g, result.b, result.a })))
			throw layout_syntax_error(util::string_format("illegal RGBA color %f,%f,%f,%f", result.r, result.g, result.b, result.a));

		return result;
	}

	int parse_orientation(util::xml::data_node const *node)
	{
		// default to no transform
		if (!node)
			return ROT0;

		// parse attributes
		int result;
		int const rotate(get_attribute_int(*node, "rotate", 0));
		switch (rotate)
		{
		case 0:     result = ROT0;      break;
		case 90:    result = ROT90;     break;
		case 180:   result = ROT180;    break;
		case 270:   result = ROT270;    break;
		default:    throw layout_syntax_error(util::string_format("invalid rotate attribute %d", rotate));
		}
		if (!std::strcmp("yes", get_attribute_string(*node, "swapxy", "no")))
			result ^= ORIENTATION_SWAP_XY;
		if (!std::strcmp("yes", get_attribute_string(*node, "flipx", "no")))
			result ^= ORIENTATION_FLIP_X;
		if (!std::strcmp("yes", get_attribute_string(*node, "flipy", "no")))
			result ^= ORIENTATION_FLIP_Y;
		return result;
	}
};

} } } // namespace emu::render::detail



//**************************************************************************
//  GLOBAL VARIABLES
//**************************************************************************

render_screen_list render_target::s_empty_screen_list;



//**************************************************************************
//  LAYOUT ELEMENT
//**************************************************************************

layout_element::make_component_map const layout_element::s_make_component{
	{ "image",         &make_component<image_component>         },
	{ "text",          &make_component<text_component>          },
	{ "dotmatrix",     &make_dotmatrix_component<8>             },
	{ "dotmatrix5dot", &make_dotmatrix_component<5>             },
	{ "dotmatrixdot",  &make_dotmatrix_component<1>             },
	{ "simplecounter", &make_component<simplecounter_component> },
	{ "reel",          &make_component<reel_component>          },
	{ "led7seg",       &make_component<led7seg_component>       },
	{ "led8seg_gts1",  &make_component<led8seg_gts1_component>  },
	{ "led14seg",      &make_component<led14seg_component>      },
	{ "led14segsc",    &make_component<led14segsc_component>    },
	{ "led16seg",      &make_component<led16seg_component>      },
	{ "led16segsc",    &make_component<led16segsc_component>    },
	{ "rect",          &make_component<rect_component>          },
	{ "disk",          &make_component<disk_component>          }
};

//-------------------------------------------------
//  layout_element - constructor
//-------------------------------------------------

layout_element::layout_element(environment &env, util::xml::data_node const &elemnode, const char *dirname)
	: m_machine(env.machine())
	, m_defstate(0)
	, m_maxstate(0)
{
	// get the default state
	m_defstate = env.get_attribute_int(elemnode, "defstate", -1);

	// parse components in order
	bool first = true;
	render_bounds bounds = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 };
	for (util::xml::data_node const *compnode = elemnode.get_first_child(); compnode; compnode = compnode->get_next_sibling())
	{
		make_component_map::const_iterator const make_func(s_make_component.find(compnode->get_name()));
		if (make_func == s_make_component.end())
			throw layout_syntax_error(util::string_format("unknown element component %s", compnode->get_name()));

		// insert the new component into the list
		component const &newcomp(**m_complist.emplace(m_complist.end(), make_func->second(env, *compnode, dirname)));

		// accumulate bounds
		if (first)
			bounds = newcomp.bounds();
		else
			union_render_bounds(bounds, newcomp.bounds());
		first = false;

		// determine the maximum state
		m_maxstate = std::max(m_maxstate, newcomp.maxstate());
	}

	if (!m_complist.empty())
	{
		// determine the scale/offset for normalization
		float xoffs = bounds.x0;
		float yoffs = bounds.y0;
		float xscale = 1.0f / (bounds.x1 - bounds.x0);
		float yscale = 1.0f / (bounds.y1 - bounds.y0);

		// normalize all the component bounds
		for (component::ptr const &curcomp : m_complist)
			curcomp->normalize_bounds(xoffs, yoffs, xscale, yscale);
	}

	// allocate an array of element textures for the states
	m_elemtex.resize(m_maxstate + 1);
}


//-------------------------------------------------
//  ~layout_element - destructor
//-------------------------------------------------

layout_element::~layout_element()
{
}



//**************************************************************************
//  LAYOUT GROUP
//**************************************************************************

//-------------------------------------------------
//  layout_group - constructor
//-------------------------------------------------

layout_group::layout_group(util::xml::data_node const &groupnode)
	: m_groupnode(groupnode)
	, m_bounds{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f }
	, m_bounds_resolved(false)
{
}


//-------------------------------------------------
//  ~layout_group - destructor
//-------------------------------------------------

layout_group::~layout_group()
{
}


//-------------------------------------------------
//  make_transform - create abbreviated transform
//  matrix for given destination bounds
//-------------------------------------------------

layout_group::transform layout_group::make_transform(int orientation, render_bounds const &dest) const
{
	assert(m_bounds_resolved);

	// make orientation matrix
	transform result{{ {{ 1.0F, 0.0F, 0.0F }}, {{ 0.0F, 1.0F, 0.0F }}, {{ 0.0F, 0.0F, 1.0F }} }};
	if (orientation & ORIENTATION_SWAP_XY)
	{
		std::swap(result[0][0], result[0][1]);
		std::swap(result[1][0], result[1][1]);
	}
	if (orientation & ORIENTATION_FLIP_X)
	{
		result[0][0] = -result[0][0];
		result[0][1] = -result[0][1];
	}
	if (orientation & ORIENTATION_FLIP_Y)
	{
		result[1][0] = -result[1][0];
		result[1][1] = -result[1][1];
	}

	// apply to bounds and force into destination rectangle
	render_bounds bounds(m_bounds);
	render_bounds_transform(bounds, result);
	result[0][0] *= (dest.x1 - dest.x0) / std::fabs(bounds.x1 - bounds.x0);
	result[0][1] *= (dest.x1 - dest.x0) / std::fabs(bounds.x1 - bounds.x0);
	result[0][2] = dest.x0 - ((std::min)(bounds.x0, bounds.x1) * (dest.x1 - dest.x0) / std::fabs(bounds.x1 - bounds.x0));
	result[1][0] *= (dest.y1 - dest.y0) / std::fabs(bounds.y1 - bounds.y0);
	result[1][1] *= (dest.y1 - dest.y0) / std::fabs(bounds.y1 - bounds.y0);
	result[1][2] = dest.y0 - ((std::min)(bounds.y0, bounds.y1) * (dest.y1 - dest.y0) / std::fabs(bounds.y1 - bounds.y0));
	return result;
}

layout_group::transform layout_group::make_transform(int orientation, transform const &trans) const
{
	assert(m_bounds_resolved);

	render_bounds const dest{
			m_bounds.x0,
			m_bounds.y0,
			(orientation & ORIENTATION_SWAP_XY) ? (m_bounds.x0 + m_bounds.y1 - m_bounds.y0) : m_bounds.x1,
			(orientation & ORIENTATION_SWAP_XY) ? (m_bounds.y0 + m_bounds.x1 - m_bounds.x0) : m_bounds.y1 };
	return make_transform(orientation, dest, trans);
}

layout_group::transform layout_group::make_transform(int orientation, render_bounds const &dest, transform const &trans) const
{
	transform const next(make_transform(orientation, dest));
	transform result{{ {{ 0.0F, 0.0F, 0.0F }}, {{ 0.0F, 0.0F, 0.0F }}, {{ 0.0F, 0.0F, 0.0F }} }};
	for (unsigned y = 0; 3U > y; ++y)
	{
		for (unsigned x = 0; 3U > x; ++x)
		{
			for (unsigned i = 0; 3U > i; ++i)
				result[y][x] += trans[y][i] * next[i][x];
		}
	}
	return result;
}


//-------------------------------------------------
//  resolve_bounds - calculate bounds taking
//  nested groups into consideration
//-------------------------------------------------

void layout_group::set_bounds_unresolved()
{
	m_bounds_resolved = false;
}

void layout_group::resolve_bounds(environment &env, group_map &groupmap)
{
	if (!m_bounds_resolved)
	{
		std::vector<layout_group const *> seen;
		resolve_bounds(env, groupmap, seen);
	}
}

void layout_group::resolve_bounds(environment &env, group_map &groupmap, std::vector<layout_group const *> &seen)
{
	if (seen.end() != std::find(seen.begin(), seen.end(), this))
	{
		// a wild loop appears!
		std::ostringstream path;
		for (layout_group const *const group : seen)
			path << ' ' << group->m_groupnode.get_attribute_string("name", nullptr);
		path << ' ' << m_groupnode.get_attribute_string("name", nullptr);
		throw layout_syntax_error(util::string_format("recursively nested groups %s", path.str()));
	}

	seen.push_back(this);
	if (!m_bounds_resolved)
	{
		set_render_bounds_xy(m_bounds, 0.0F, 0.0F, 1.0F, 1.0F);
		environment local(env);
		resolve_bounds(local, m_groupnode, groupmap, seen, true, false, true);
	}
	seen.pop_back();
}

void layout_group::resolve_bounds(
		environment &env,
		util::xml::data_node const &parentnode,
		group_map &groupmap,
		std::vector<layout_group const *> &seen,
		bool empty,
		bool repeat,
		bool init)
{
	bool envaltered(false);
	bool unresolved(true);
	for (util::xml::data_node const *itemnode = parentnode.get_first_child(); !m_bounds_resolved && itemnode; itemnode = itemnode->get_next_sibling())
	{
		if (!strcmp(itemnode->get_name(), "bounds"))
		{
			// use explicit bounds
			env.parse_bounds(itemnode, m_bounds);
			m_bounds_resolved = true;
		}
		else if (!strcmp(itemnode->get_name(), "param"))
		{
			envaltered = true;
			if (!unresolved)
			{
				unresolved = true;
				for (group_map::value_type &group : groupmap)
					group.second.set_bounds_unresolved();
			}
			if (!repeat)
				env.set_parameter(*itemnode);
			else
				env.set_repeat_parameter(*itemnode, init);
		}
		else if (!strcmp(itemnode->get_name(), "element") ||
				!strcmp(itemnode->get_name(), "backdrop") ||
				!strcmp(itemnode->get_name(), "screen") ||
				!strcmp(itemnode->get_name(), "overlay") ||
				!strcmp(itemnode->get_name(), "bezel") ||
				!strcmp(itemnode->get_name(), "cpanel") ||
				!strcmp(itemnode->get_name(), "marquee"))
		{
			render_bounds itembounds;
			env.parse_bounds(itemnode->get_child("bounds"), itembounds);
			if (empty)
				m_bounds = itembounds;
			else
				union_render_bounds(m_bounds, itembounds);
			empty = false;
		}
		else if (!strcmp(itemnode->get_name(), "group"))
		{
			util::xml::data_node const *const itemboundsnode(itemnode->get_child("bounds"));
			if (itemboundsnode)
			{
				render_bounds itembounds;
				env.parse_bounds(itemboundsnode, itembounds);
				if (empty)
					m_bounds = itembounds;
				else
					union_render_bounds(m_bounds, itembounds);
				empty = false;
			}
			else
			{
				char const *ref(env.get_attribute_string(*itemnode, "ref", nullptr));
				if (!ref)
					throw layout_syntax_error("nested group must have ref attribute");

				group_map::iterator const found(groupmap.find(ref));
				if (groupmap.end() == found)
					throw layout_syntax_error(util::string_format("unable to find group %s", ref));

				int const orientation(env.parse_orientation(itemnode->get_child("orientation")));
				environment local(env);
				found->second.resolve_bounds(local, groupmap, seen);
				render_bounds const itembounds{
						found->second.m_bounds.x0,
						found->second.m_bounds.y0,
						(orientation & ORIENTATION_SWAP_XY) ? (found->second.m_bounds.x0 + found->second.m_bounds.y1 - found->second.m_bounds.y0) : found->second.m_bounds.x1,
						(orientation & ORIENTATION_SWAP_XY) ? (found->second.m_bounds.y0 + found->second.m_bounds.x1 - found->second.m_bounds.x0) : found->second.m_bounds.y1 };
				if (empty)
					m_bounds = itembounds;
				else
					union_render_bounds(m_bounds, itembounds);
				empty = false;
			}
		}
		else if (!strcmp(itemnode->get_name(), "repeat"))
		{
			int const count(env.get_attribute_int(*itemnode, "count", -1));
			if (0 >= count)
				throw layout_syntax_error("repeat must have positive integer count attribute");
			environment local(env);
			for (int i = 0; !m_bounds_resolved && (count > i); ++i)
			{
				resolve_bounds(local, *itemnode, groupmap, seen, empty, true, !i);
				local.increment_parameters();
			}
		}
		else
		{
			throw layout_syntax_error(util::string_format("unknown group element %s", itemnode->get_name()));
		}
	}

	if (envaltered && !unresolved)
	{
		bool const resolved(m_bounds_resolved);
		for (group_map::value_type &group : groupmap)
			group.second.set_bounds_unresolved();
		m_bounds_resolved = resolved;
	}

	if (!repeat)
		m_bounds_resolved = true;
}



//-------------------------------------------------
//  state_texture - return a pointer to a
//  render_texture for the given state, allocating
//  one if needed
//-------------------------------------------------

render_texture *layout_element::state_texture(int state)
{
	assert(state <= m_maxstate);
	if (m_elemtex[state].m_texture == nullptr)
	{
		m_elemtex[state].m_element = this;
		m_elemtex[state].m_state = state;
		m_elemtex[state].m_texture = machine().render().texture_alloc(element_scale, &m_elemtex[state]);
	}
	return m_elemtex[state].m_texture;
}


//-------------------------------------------------
//  element_scale - scale an element by rendering
//  all the components at the appropriate
//  resolution
//-------------------------------------------------

void layout_element::element_scale(bitmap_argb32 &dest, bitmap_argb32 &source, const rectangle &sbounds, void *param)
{
	texture *elemtex = (texture *)param;

	// iterate over components that are part of the current state
	for (auto &curcomp : elemtex->m_element->m_complist)
		if (curcomp->state() == -1 || curcomp->state() == elemtex->m_state)
		{
			// get the local scaled bounds
			rectangle bounds(
					render_round_nearest(curcomp->bounds().x0 * dest.width()),
					render_round_nearest(curcomp->bounds().x1 * dest.width()),
					render_round_nearest(curcomp->bounds().y0 * dest.height()),
					render_round_nearest(curcomp->bounds().y1 * dest.height()));
			bounds &= dest.cliprect();

			// based on the component type, add to the texture
			curcomp->draw(elemtex->m_element->machine(), dest, bounds, elemtex->m_state);
		}
}


// image
class layout_element::image_component : public component
{
public:
	// construction/destruction
	image_component(environment &env, util::xml::data_node const &compnode, const char *dirname)
		: component(env, compnode, dirname)
		, m_hasalpha(false)
	{
		if (dirname != nullptr)
			m_dirname = dirname;
		m_imagefile = env.get_attribute_string(compnode, "file", "");
		m_alphafile = env.get_attribute_string(compnode, "alphafile", "");
		m_file = std::make_unique<emu_file>(env.machine().options().art_path(), OPEN_FLAG_READ);
	}

protected:
	// overrides
	virtual void draw(running_machine &machine, bitmap_argb32 &dest, const rectangle &bounds, int state) override
	{
		if (!m_bitmap.valid())
			load_bitmap();

		bitmap_argb32 destsub(dest, bounds);
		render_resample_argb_bitmap_hq(destsub, m_bitmap, color());
	}

private:
	// internal helpers
	void load_bitmap()
	{
		assert(m_file != nullptr);

		ru_imgformat const format = render_detect_image(*m_file, m_dirname.c_str(), m_imagefile.c_str());
		switch (format)
		{
		case RENDUTIL_IMGFORMAT_ERROR:
			break;

		case RENDUTIL_IMGFORMAT_PNG:
			// load the basic bitmap
			m_hasalpha = render_load_png(m_bitmap, *m_file, m_dirname.c_str(), m_imagefile.c_str());
			break;

		default:
			// try JPG
			render_load_jpeg(m_bitmap, *m_file, m_dirname.c_str(), m_imagefile.c_str());
			break;
		}

		// load the alpha bitmap if specified
		if (m_bitmap.valid() && !m_alphafile.empty())
			render_load_png(m_bitmap, *m_file, m_dirname.c_str(), m_alphafile.c_str(), true);

		// if we can't load the bitmap, allocate a dummy one and report an error
		if (!m_bitmap.valid())
		{
			// draw some stripes in the bitmap
			m_bitmap.allocate(100, 100);
			m_bitmap.fill(0);
			for (int step = 0; step < 100; step += 25)
				for (int line = 0; line < 100; line++)
					m_bitmap.pix32((step + line) % 100, line % 100) = rgb_t(0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff);

			// log an error
			if (m_alphafile.empty())
				osd_printf_warning("Unable to load component bitmap '%s'\n", m_imagefile);
			else
				osd_printf_warning("Unable to load component bitmap '%s'/'%s'\n", m_imagefile, m_alphafile);
		}
	}

	// internal state
	bitmap_argb32       m_bitmap;                   // source bitmap for images
	std::string         m_dirname;                  // directory name of image file (for lazy loading)
	std::unique_ptr<emu_file> m_file;               // file object for reading image/alpha files
	std::string         m_imagefile;                // name of the image file (for lazy loading)
	std::string         m_alphafile;                // name of the alpha file (for lazy loading)
	bool                m_hasalpha;                 // is there any alpha component present?
};


// rectangle
class layout_element::rect_component : public component
{
public:
	// construction/destruction
	rect_component(environment &env, util::xml::data_node const &compnode, const char *dirname)
		: component(env, compnode, dirname)
	{
	}

protected:
	// overrides
	virtual void draw(running_machine &machine, bitmap_argb32 &dest, const rectangle &bounds, int state) override
	{
		// compute premultiplied colors
		u32 const r = color().r * color().a * 255.0f;
		u32 const g = color().g * color().a * 255.0f;
		u32 const b = color().b * color().a * 255.0f;
		u32 const inva = (1.0f - color().a) * 255.0f;

		// iterate over X and Y
		for (u32 y = bounds.top(); y <= bounds.bottom(); y++)
		{
			for (u32 x = bounds.left(); x <= bounds.right(); x++)
			{
				u32 finalr = r;
				u32 finalg = g;
				u32 finalb = b;

				// if we're translucent, add in the destination pixel contribution
				if (inva > 0)
				{
					rgb_t dpix = dest.pix32(y, x);
					finalr += (dpix.r() * inva) >> 8;
					finalg += (dpix.g() * inva) >> 8;
					finalb += (dpix.b() * inva) >> 8;
				}

				// store the target pixel, dividing the RGBA values by the overall scale factor
				dest.pix32(y, x) = rgb_t(finalr, finalg, finalb);
			}
		}
	}
};


// ellipse
class layout_element::disk_component : public component
{
public:
	// construction/destruction
	disk_component(environment &env, util::xml::data_node const &compnode, const char *dirname)
		: component(env, compnode, dirname)
	{
	}

protected:
	// overrides
	virtual void draw(running_machine &machine, bitmap_argb32 &dest, const rectangle &bounds, int state) override
	{
		// compute premultiplied colors
		u32 const r = color().r * color().a * 255.0f;
		u32 const g = color().g * color().a * 255.0f;
		u32 const b = color().b * color().a * 255.0f;
		u32 const inva = (1.0f - color().a) * 255.0f;

		// find the center
		float const xcenter = float(bounds.xcenter());
		float const ycenter = float(bounds.ycenter());
		float const xradius = float(bounds.width()) * 0.5f;
		float const yradius = float(bounds.height()) * 0.5f;
		float const ooyradius2 = 1.0f / (yradius * yradius);

		// iterate over y
		for (u32 y = bounds.top(); y <= bounds.bottom(); y++)
		{
			float ycoord = ycenter - ((float)y + 0.5f);
			float xval = xradius * sqrtf(1.0f - (ycoord * ycoord) * ooyradius2);

			// compute left/right coordinates
			s32 left = s32(xcenter - xval + 0.5f);
			s32 right = s32(xcenter + xval + 0.5f);

			// draw this scanline
			for (u32 x = left; x < right; x++)
			{
				u32 finalr = r;
				u32 finalg = g;
				u32 finalb = b;

				// if we're translucent, add in the destination pixel contribution
				if (inva > 0)
				{
					rgb_t dpix = dest.pix32(y, x);
					finalr += (dpix.r() * inva) >> 8;
					finalg += (dpix.g() * inva) >> 8;
					finalb += (dpix.b() * inva) >> 8;
				}

				// store the target pixel, dividing the RGBA values by the overall scale factor
				dest.pix32(y, x) = rgb_t(finalr, finalg, finalb);
			}
		}
	}
};


// text string
class layout_element::text_component : public component
{
public:
	// construction/destruction
	text_component(environment &env, util::xml::data_node const &compnode, const char *dirname)
		: component(env, compnode, dirname)
	{
		m_string = env.get_attribute_string(compnode, "string", "");
		m_textalign = env.get_attribute_int(compnode, "align", 0);
	}

protected:
	// overrides
	virtual void draw(running_machine &machine, bitmap_argb32 &dest, const rectangle &bounds, int state) override
	{
		render_font *font = machine.render().font_alloc("default");
		draw_text(*font, dest, bounds, m_string.c_str(), m_textalign);
		machine.render().font_free(font);
	}

private:
	// internal state
	std::string         m_string;                   // string for text components
	int                 m_textalign;                // text alignment to box
};


// 7-segment LCD
class layout_element::led7seg_component : public component
{
public:
	// construction/destruction
	led7seg_component(environment &env, util::xml::data_node const &compnode, const char *dirname)
		: component(env, compnode, dirname)
	{
	}

protected:
	// overrides
	virtual int maxstate() const override { return 255; }

	virtual void draw(running_machine &machine, bitmap_argb32 &dest, const rectangle &bounds, int state) override
	{
		const rgb_t onpen = rgb_t(0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff);
		const rgb_t offpen = rgb_t(0x20,0xff,0xff,0xff);

		// sizes for computation
		int bmwidth = 250;
		int bmheight = 400;
		int segwidth = 40;
		int skewwidth = 40;

		// allocate a temporary bitmap for drawing
		bitmap_argb32 tempbitmap(bmwidth + skewwidth, bmheight);
		tempbitmap.fill(rgb_t(0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00));

		// top bar
		draw_segment_horizontal(tempbitmap, 0 + 2*segwidth/3, bmwidth - 2*segwidth/3, 0 + segwidth/2, segwidth, BIT(state, 0) ? onpen : offpen);

		// top-right bar
		draw_segment_vertical(tempbitmap, 0 + 2*segwidth/3, bmheight/2 - segwidth/3, bmwidth - segwidth/2, segwidth, BIT(state, 1) ? onpen : offpen);

		// bottom-right bar
		draw_segment_vertical(tempbitmap, bmheight/2 + segwidth/3, bmheight - 2*segwidth/3, bmwidth - segwidth/2, segwidth, BIT(state, 2) ? onpen : offpen);

		// bottom bar
		draw_segment_horizontal(tempbitmap, 0 + 2*segwidth/3, bmwidth - 2*segwidth/3, bmheight - segwidth/2, segwidth, BIT(state, 3) ? onpen : offpen);

		// bottom-left bar
		draw_segment_vertical(tempbitmap, bmheight/2 + segwidth/3, bmheight - 2*segwidth/3, 0 + segwidth/2, segwidth, BIT(state, 4) ? onpen : offpen);

		// top-left bar
		draw_segment_vertical(tempbitmap, 0 + 2*segwidth/3, bmheight/2 - segwidth/3, 0 + segwidth/2, segwidth, BIT(state, 5) ? onpen : offpen);

		// middle bar
		draw_segment_horizontal(tempbitmap, 0 + 2*segwidth/3, bmwidth - 2*segwidth/3, bmheight/2, segwidth, BIT(state, 6) ? onpen : offpen);

		// apply skew
		apply_skew(tempbitmap, 40);

		// decimal point
		draw_segment_decimal(tempbitmap, bmwidth + segwidth/2, bmheight - segwidth/2, segwidth, BIT(state, 7) ? onpen : offpen);

		// resample to the target size
		render_resample_argb_bitmap_hq(dest, tempbitmap, color());
	}
};


// 8-segment fluorescent (Gottlieb System 1)
class layout_element::led8seg_gts1_component : public component
{
public:
	// construction/destruction
	led8seg_gts1_component(environment &env, util::xml::data_node const &compnode, const char *dirname)
		: component(env, compnode, dirname)
	{
	}

protected:
	// overrides
	virtual int maxstate() const override { return 255; }

	virtual void draw(running_machine &machine, bitmap_argb32 &dest, const rectangle &bounds, int state) override
	{
		const rgb_t onpen = rgb_t(0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff);
		const rgb_t offpen = rgb_t(0x20,0xff,0xff,0xff);
		const rgb_t backpen = rgb_t(0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00);

		// sizes for computation
		int bmwidth = 250;
		int bmheight = 400;
		int segwidth = 40;
		int skewwidth = 40;

		// allocate a temporary bitmap for drawing
		bitmap_argb32 tempbitmap(bmwidth + skewwidth, bmheight);
		tempbitmap.fill(backpen);

		// top bar
		draw_segment_horizontal(tempbitmap, 0 + 2*segwidth/3, bmwidth - 2*segwidth/3, 0 + segwidth/2, segwidth, (state & (1 << 0)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// top-right bar
		draw_segment_vertical(tempbitmap, 0 + 2*segwidth/3, bmheight/2 - segwidth/3, bmwidth - segwidth/2, segwidth, (state & (1 << 1)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// bottom-right bar
		draw_segment_vertical(tempbitmap, bmheight/2 + segwidth/3, bmheight - 2*segwidth/3, bmwidth - segwidth/2, segwidth, (state & (1 << 2)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// bottom bar
		draw_segment_horizontal(tempbitmap, 0 + 2*segwidth/3, bmwidth - 2*segwidth/3, bmheight - segwidth/2, segwidth, (state & (1 << 3)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// bottom-left bar
		draw_segment_vertical(tempbitmap, bmheight/2 + segwidth/3, bmheight - 2*segwidth/3, 0 + segwidth/2, segwidth, (state & (1 << 4)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// top-left bar
		draw_segment_vertical(tempbitmap, 0 + 2*segwidth/3, bmheight/2 - segwidth/3, 0 + segwidth/2, segwidth, (state & (1 << 5)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// horizontal bars
		draw_segment_horizontal(tempbitmap, 0 + 2*segwidth/3, 2*bmwidth/3 - 2*segwidth/3, bmheight/2, segwidth, (state & (1 << 6)) ? onpen : offpen);
		draw_segment_horizontal(tempbitmap, 0 + 2*segwidth/3 + bmwidth/2, bmwidth - 2*segwidth/3, bmheight/2, segwidth, (state & (1 << 6)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// vertical bars
		draw_segment_vertical(tempbitmap, 0 + segwidth/3 - 8, bmheight/2 - segwidth/3 + 2, 2*bmwidth/3 - segwidth/2 - 4, segwidth + 8, backpen);
		draw_segment_vertical(tempbitmap, 0 + segwidth/3, bmheight/2 - segwidth/3, 2*bmwidth/3 - segwidth/2 - 4, segwidth, (state & (1 << 7)) ? onpen : offpen);

		draw_segment_vertical(tempbitmap, bmheight/2 + segwidth/3 - 2, bmheight - segwidth/3 + 8, 2*bmwidth/3 - segwidth/2 - 4, segwidth + 8, backpen);
		draw_segment_vertical(tempbitmap, bmheight/2 + segwidth/3, bmheight - segwidth/3, 2*bmwidth/3 - segwidth/2 - 4, segwidth, (state & (1 << 7)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// apply skew
		apply_skew(tempbitmap, 40);

		// resample to the target size
		render_resample_argb_bitmap_hq(dest, tempbitmap, color());
	}
};


// 14-segment LCD
class layout_element::led14seg_component : public component
{
public:
	// construction/destruction
	led14seg_component(environment &env, util::xml::data_node const &compnode, const char *dirname)
		: component(env, compnode, dirname)
	{
	}

protected:
	// overrides
	virtual int maxstate() const override { return 16383; }

	virtual void draw(running_machine &machine, bitmap_argb32 &dest, const rectangle &bounds, int state) override
	{
		const rgb_t onpen = rgb_t(0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff);
		const rgb_t offpen = rgb_t(0x20, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff);

		// sizes for computation
		int bmwidth = 250;
		int bmheight = 400;
		int segwidth = 40;
		int skewwidth = 40;

		// allocate a temporary bitmap for drawing
		bitmap_argb32 tempbitmap(bmwidth + skewwidth, bmheight);
		tempbitmap.fill(rgb_t(0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00));

		// top bar
		draw_segment_horizontal(tempbitmap,
			0 + 2*segwidth/3, bmwidth - 2*segwidth/3, 0 + segwidth/2,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 0)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// right-top bar
		draw_segment_vertical(tempbitmap,
			0 + 2*segwidth/3, bmheight/2 - segwidth/3, bmwidth - segwidth/2,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 1)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// right-bottom bar
		draw_segment_vertical(tempbitmap,
			bmheight/2 + segwidth/3, bmheight - 2*segwidth/3, bmwidth - segwidth/2,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 2)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// bottom bar
		draw_segment_horizontal(tempbitmap,
			0 + 2*segwidth/3, bmwidth - 2*segwidth/3, bmheight - segwidth/2,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 3)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// left-bottom bar
		draw_segment_vertical(tempbitmap,
			bmheight/2 + segwidth/3, bmheight - 2*segwidth/3, 0 + segwidth/2,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 4)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// left-top bar
		draw_segment_vertical(tempbitmap,
			0 + 2*segwidth/3, bmheight/2 - segwidth/3, 0 + segwidth/2,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 5)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// horizontal-middle-left bar
		draw_segment_horizontal_caps(tempbitmap,
			0 + 2*segwidth/3, bmwidth/2 - segwidth/10, bmheight/2,
			segwidth, LINE_CAP_START, (state & (1 << 6)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// horizontal-middle-right bar
		draw_segment_horizontal_caps(tempbitmap,
			0 + bmwidth/2 + segwidth/10, bmwidth - 2*segwidth/3, bmheight/2,
			segwidth, LINE_CAP_END, (state & (1 << 7)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// vertical-middle-top bar
		draw_segment_vertical_caps(tempbitmap,
			0 + segwidth + segwidth/3, bmheight/2 - segwidth/2 - segwidth/3, bmwidth/2,
			segwidth, LINE_CAP_NONE, (state & (1 << 8)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// vertical-middle-bottom bar
		draw_segment_vertical_caps(tempbitmap,
			bmheight/2 + segwidth/2 + segwidth/3, bmheight - segwidth - segwidth/3, bmwidth/2,
			segwidth, LINE_CAP_NONE, (state & (1 << 9)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// diagonal-left-bottom bar
		draw_segment_diagonal_1(tempbitmap,
			0 + segwidth + segwidth/5, bmwidth/2 - segwidth/2 - segwidth/5,
			bmheight/2 + segwidth/2 + segwidth/3, bmheight - segwidth - segwidth/3,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 10)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// diagonal-left-top bar
		draw_segment_diagonal_2(tempbitmap,
			0 + segwidth + segwidth/5, bmwidth/2 - segwidth/2 - segwidth/5,
			0 + segwidth + segwidth/3, bmheight/2 - segwidth/2 - segwidth/3,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 11)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// diagonal-right-top bar
		draw_segment_diagonal_1(tempbitmap,
			bmwidth/2 + segwidth/2 + segwidth/5, bmwidth - segwidth - segwidth/5,
			0 + segwidth + segwidth/3, bmheight/2 - segwidth/2 - segwidth/3,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 12)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// diagonal-right-bottom bar
		draw_segment_diagonal_2(tempbitmap,
			bmwidth/2 + segwidth/2 + segwidth/5, bmwidth - segwidth - segwidth/5,
			bmheight/2 + segwidth/2 + segwidth/3, bmheight - segwidth - segwidth/3,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 13)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// apply skew
		apply_skew(tempbitmap, 40);

		// resample to the target size
		render_resample_argb_bitmap_hq(dest, tempbitmap, color());
	}
};


// 16-segment LCD
class layout_element::led16seg_component : public component
{
public:
	// construction/destruction
	led16seg_component(environment &env, util::xml::data_node const &compnode, const char *dirname)
		: component(env, compnode, dirname)
	{
	}

protected:
	// overrides
	virtual int maxstate() const override { return 65535; }

	virtual void draw(running_machine &machine, bitmap_argb32 &dest, const rectangle &bounds, int state) override
	{
		const rgb_t onpen = rgb_t(0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff);
		const rgb_t offpen = rgb_t(0x20, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff);

		// sizes for computation
		int bmwidth = 250;
		int bmheight = 400;
		int segwidth = 40;
		int skewwidth = 40;

		// allocate a temporary bitmap for drawing
		bitmap_argb32 tempbitmap(bmwidth + skewwidth, bmheight);
		tempbitmap.fill(rgb_t(0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00));

		// top-left bar
		draw_segment_horizontal_caps(tempbitmap,
			0 + 2*segwidth/3, bmwidth/2 - segwidth/10, 0 + segwidth/2,
			segwidth, LINE_CAP_START, (state & (1 << 0)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// top-right bar
		draw_segment_horizontal_caps(tempbitmap,
			0 + bmwidth/2 + segwidth/10, bmwidth - 2*segwidth/3, 0 + segwidth/2,
			segwidth, LINE_CAP_END, (state & (1 << 1)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// right-top bar
		draw_segment_vertical(tempbitmap,
			0 + 2*segwidth/3, bmheight/2 - segwidth/3, bmwidth - segwidth/2,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 2)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// right-bottom bar
		draw_segment_vertical(tempbitmap,
			bmheight/2 + segwidth/3, bmheight - 2*segwidth/3, bmwidth - segwidth/2,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 3)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// bottom-right bar
		draw_segment_horizontal_caps(tempbitmap,
			0 + bmwidth/2 + segwidth/10, bmwidth - 2*segwidth/3, bmheight - segwidth/2,
			segwidth, LINE_CAP_END, (state & (1 << 4)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// bottom-left bar
		draw_segment_horizontal_caps(tempbitmap,
			0 + 2*segwidth/3, bmwidth/2 - segwidth/10, bmheight - segwidth/2,
			segwidth, LINE_CAP_START, (state & (1 << 5)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// left-bottom bar
		draw_segment_vertical(tempbitmap,
			bmheight/2 + segwidth/3, bmheight - 2*segwidth/3, 0 + segwidth/2,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 6)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// left-top bar
		draw_segment_vertical(tempbitmap,
			0 + 2*segwidth/3, bmheight/2 - segwidth/3, 0 + segwidth/2,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 7)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// horizontal-middle-left bar
		draw_segment_horizontal_caps(tempbitmap,
			0 + 2*segwidth/3, bmwidth/2 - segwidth/10, bmheight/2,
			segwidth, LINE_CAP_START, (state & (1 << 8)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// horizontal-middle-right bar
		draw_segment_horizontal_caps(tempbitmap,
			0 + bmwidth/2 + segwidth/10, bmwidth - 2*segwidth/3, bmheight/2,
			segwidth, LINE_CAP_END, (state & (1 << 9)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// vertical-middle-top bar
		draw_segment_vertical_caps(tempbitmap,
			0 + segwidth + segwidth/3, bmheight/2 - segwidth/2 - segwidth/3, bmwidth/2,
			segwidth, LINE_CAP_NONE, (state & (1 << 10)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// vertical-middle-bottom bar
		draw_segment_vertical_caps(tempbitmap,
			bmheight/2 + segwidth/2 + segwidth/3, bmheight - segwidth - segwidth/3, bmwidth/2,
			segwidth, LINE_CAP_NONE, (state & (1 << 11)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// diagonal-left-bottom bar
		draw_segment_diagonal_1(tempbitmap,
			0 + segwidth + segwidth/5, bmwidth/2 - segwidth/2 - segwidth/5,
			bmheight/2 + segwidth/2 + segwidth/3, bmheight - segwidth - segwidth/3,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 12)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// diagonal-left-top bar
		draw_segment_diagonal_2(tempbitmap,
			0 + segwidth + segwidth/5, bmwidth/2 - segwidth/2 - segwidth/5,
			0 + segwidth + segwidth/3, bmheight/2 - segwidth/2 - segwidth/3,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 13)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// diagonal-right-top bar
		draw_segment_diagonal_1(tempbitmap,
			bmwidth/2 + segwidth/2 + segwidth/5, bmwidth - segwidth - segwidth/5,
			0 + segwidth + segwidth/3, bmheight/2 - segwidth/2 - segwidth/3,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 14)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// diagonal-right-bottom bar
		draw_segment_diagonal_2(tempbitmap,
			bmwidth/2 + segwidth/2 + segwidth/5, bmwidth - segwidth - segwidth/5,
			bmheight/2 + segwidth/2 + segwidth/3, bmheight - segwidth - segwidth/3,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 15)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// apply skew
		apply_skew(tempbitmap, 40);

		// resample to the target size
		render_resample_argb_bitmap_hq(dest, tempbitmap, color());
	}
};


// 14-segment LCD with semicolon (2 extra segments)
class layout_element::led14segsc_component : public component
{
public:
	// construction/destruction
	led14segsc_component(environment &env, util::xml::data_node const &compnode, const char *dirname)
		: component(env, compnode, dirname)
	{
	}

protected:
	// overrides
	virtual int maxstate() const override { return 65535; }

	virtual void draw(running_machine &machine, bitmap_argb32 &dest, const rectangle &bounds, int state) override
	{
		const rgb_t onpen = rgb_t(0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff);
		const rgb_t offpen = rgb_t(0x20, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff);

		// sizes for computation
		int bmwidth = 250;
		int bmheight = 400;
		int segwidth = 40;
		int skewwidth = 40;

		// allocate a temporary bitmap for drawing, adding some extra space for the tail
		bitmap_argb32 tempbitmap(bmwidth + skewwidth, bmheight + segwidth);
		tempbitmap.fill(rgb_t(0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00));

		// top bar
		draw_segment_horizontal(tempbitmap,
			0 + 2*segwidth/3, bmwidth - 2*segwidth/3, 0 + segwidth/2,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 0)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// right-top bar
		draw_segment_vertical(tempbitmap,
			0 + 2*segwidth/3, bmheight/2 - segwidth/3, bmwidth - segwidth/2,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 1)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// right-bottom bar
		draw_segment_vertical(tempbitmap,
			bmheight/2 + segwidth/3, bmheight - 2*segwidth/3, bmwidth - segwidth/2,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 2)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// bottom bar
		draw_segment_horizontal(tempbitmap,
			0 + 2*segwidth/3, bmwidth - 2*segwidth/3, bmheight - segwidth/2,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 3)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// left-bottom bar
		draw_segment_vertical(tempbitmap,
			bmheight/2 + segwidth/3, bmheight - 2*segwidth/3, 0 + segwidth/2,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 4)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// left-top bar
		draw_segment_vertical(tempbitmap,
			0 + 2*segwidth/3, bmheight/2 - segwidth/3, 0 + segwidth/2,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 5)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// horizontal-middle-left bar
		draw_segment_horizontal_caps(tempbitmap,
			0 + 2*segwidth/3, bmwidth/2 - segwidth/10, bmheight/2,
			segwidth, LINE_CAP_START, (state & (1 << 6)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// horizontal-middle-right bar
		draw_segment_horizontal_caps(tempbitmap,
			0 + bmwidth/2 + segwidth/10, bmwidth - 2*segwidth/3, bmheight/2,
			segwidth, LINE_CAP_END, (state & (1 << 7)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// vertical-middle-top bar
		draw_segment_vertical_caps(tempbitmap,
			0 + segwidth + segwidth/3, bmheight/2 - segwidth/2 - segwidth/3, bmwidth/2,
			segwidth, LINE_CAP_NONE, (state & (1 << 8)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// vertical-middle-bottom bar
		draw_segment_vertical_caps(tempbitmap,
			bmheight/2 + segwidth/2 + segwidth/3, bmheight - segwidth - segwidth/3, bmwidth/2,
			segwidth, LINE_CAP_NONE, (state & (1 << 9)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// diagonal-left-bottom bar
		draw_segment_diagonal_1(tempbitmap,
			0 + segwidth + segwidth/5, bmwidth/2 - segwidth/2 - segwidth/5,
			bmheight/2 + segwidth/2 + segwidth/3, bmheight - segwidth - segwidth/3,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 10)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// diagonal-left-top bar
		draw_segment_diagonal_2(tempbitmap,
			0 + segwidth + segwidth/5, bmwidth/2 - segwidth/2 - segwidth/5,
			0 + segwidth + segwidth/3, bmheight/2 - segwidth/2 - segwidth/3,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 11)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// diagonal-right-top bar
		draw_segment_diagonal_1(tempbitmap,
			bmwidth/2 + segwidth/2 + segwidth/5, bmwidth - segwidth - segwidth/5,
			0 + segwidth + segwidth/3, bmheight/2 - segwidth/2 - segwidth/3,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 12)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// diagonal-right-bottom bar
		draw_segment_diagonal_2(tempbitmap,
			bmwidth/2 + segwidth/2 + segwidth/5, bmwidth - segwidth - segwidth/5,
			bmheight/2 + segwidth/2 + segwidth/3, bmheight - segwidth - segwidth/3,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 13)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// apply skew
		apply_skew(tempbitmap, 40);

		// comma tail
		draw_segment_diagonal_1(tempbitmap,
			bmwidth - (segwidth/2), bmwidth + segwidth,
			bmheight - (segwidth), bmheight + segwidth*1.5,
			segwidth/2, (state & (1 << 15)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// decimal point
		draw_segment_decimal(tempbitmap, bmwidth + segwidth/2, bmheight - segwidth/2, segwidth, (state & (1 << 14)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// resample to the target size
		render_resample_argb_bitmap_hq(dest, tempbitmap, color());
	}
};


// 16-segment LCD with semicolon (2 extra segments)
class layout_element::led16segsc_component : public component
{
public:
	// construction/destruction
	led16segsc_component(environment &env, util::xml::data_node const &compnode, const char *dirname)
		: component(env, compnode, dirname)
	{
	}

protected:
	// overrides
	virtual int maxstate() const override { return 262143; }

	virtual void draw(running_machine &machine, bitmap_argb32 &dest, const rectangle &bounds, int state) override
	{
		const rgb_t onpen = rgb_t(0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff);
		const rgb_t offpen = rgb_t(0x20, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff);

		// sizes for computation
		int bmwidth = 250;
		int bmheight = 400;
		int segwidth = 40;
		int skewwidth = 40;

		// allocate a temporary bitmap for drawing
		bitmap_argb32 tempbitmap(bmwidth + skewwidth, bmheight + segwidth);
		tempbitmap.fill(rgb_t(0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00));

		// top-left bar
		draw_segment_horizontal_caps(tempbitmap,
			0 + 2*segwidth/3, bmwidth/2 - segwidth/10, 0 + segwidth/2,
			segwidth, LINE_CAP_START, (state & (1 << 0)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// top-right bar
		draw_segment_horizontal_caps(tempbitmap,
			0 + bmwidth/2 + segwidth/10, bmwidth - 2*segwidth/3, 0 + segwidth/2,
			segwidth, LINE_CAP_END, (state & (1 << 1)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// right-top bar
		draw_segment_vertical(tempbitmap,
			0 + 2*segwidth/3, bmheight/2 - segwidth/3, bmwidth - segwidth/2,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 2)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// right-bottom bar
		draw_segment_vertical(tempbitmap,
			bmheight/2 + segwidth/3, bmheight - 2*segwidth/3, bmwidth - segwidth/2,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 3)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// bottom-right bar
		draw_segment_horizontal_caps(tempbitmap,
			0 + bmwidth/2 + segwidth/10, bmwidth - 2*segwidth/3, bmheight - segwidth/2,
			segwidth, LINE_CAP_END, (state & (1 << 4)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// bottom-left bar
		draw_segment_horizontal_caps(tempbitmap,
			0 + 2*segwidth/3, bmwidth/2 - segwidth/10, bmheight - segwidth/2,
			segwidth, LINE_CAP_START, (state & (1 << 5)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// left-bottom bar
		draw_segment_vertical(tempbitmap,
			bmheight/2 + segwidth/3, bmheight - 2*segwidth/3, 0 + segwidth/2,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 6)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// left-top bar
		draw_segment_vertical(tempbitmap,
			0 + 2*segwidth/3, bmheight/2 - segwidth/3, 0 + segwidth/2,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 7)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// horizontal-middle-left bar
		draw_segment_horizontal_caps(tempbitmap,
			0 + 2*segwidth/3, bmwidth/2 - segwidth/10, bmheight/2,
			segwidth, LINE_CAP_START, (state & (1 << 8)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// horizontal-middle-right bar
		draw_segment_horizontal_caps(tempbitmap,
			0 + bmwidth/2 + segwidth/10, bmwidth - 2*segwidth/3, bmheight/2,
			segwidth, LINE_CAP_END, (state & (1 << 9)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// vertical-middle-top bar
		draw_segment_vertical_caps(tempbitmap,
			0 + segwidth + segwidth/3, bmheight/2 - segwidth/2 - segwidth/3, bmwidth/2,
			segwidth, LINE_CAP_NONE, (state & (1 << 10)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// vertical-middle-bottom bar
		draw_segment_vertical_caps(tempbitmap,
			bmheight/2 + segwidth/2 + segwidth/3, bmheight - segwidth - segwidth/3, bmwidth/2,
			segwidth, LINE_CAP_NONE, (state & (1 << 11)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// diagonal-left-bottom bar
		draw_segment_diagonal_1(tempbitmap,
			0 + segwidth + segwidth/5, bmwidth/2 - segwidth/2 - segwidth/5,
			bmheight/2 + segwidth/2 + segwidth/3, bmheight - segwidth - segwidth/3,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 12)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// diagonal-left-top bar
		draw_segment_diagonal_2(tempbitmap,
			0 + segwidth + segwidth/5, bmwidth/2 - segwidth/2 - segwidth/5,
			0 + segwidth + segwidth/3, bmheight/2 - segwidth/2 - segwidth/3,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 13)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// diagonal-right-top bar
		draw_segment_diagonal_1(tempbitmap,
			bmwidth/2 + segwidth/2 + segwidth/5, bmwidth - segwidth - segwidth/5,
			0 + segwidth + segwidth/3, bmheight/2 - segwidth/2 - segwidth/3,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 14)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// diagonal-right-bottom bar
		draw_segment_diagonal_2(tempbitmap,
			bmwidth/2 + segwidth/2 + segwidth/5, bmwidth - segwidth - segwidth/5,
			bmheight/2 + segwidth/2 + segwidth/3, bmheight - segwidth - segwidth/3,
			segwidth, (state & (1 << 15)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// comma tail
		draw_segment_diagonal_1(tempbitmap,
			bmwidth - (segwidth/2), bmwidth + segwidth,
			bmheight - (segwidth), bmheight + segwidth*1.5,
			segwidth/2, (state & (1 << 17)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// decimal point (draw last for priority)
		draw_segment_decimal(tempbitmap, bmwidth + segwidth/2, bmheight - segwidth/2, segwidth, (state & (1 << 16)) ? onpen : offpen);

		// apply skew
		apply_skew(tempbitmap, 40);

		// resample to the target size
		render_resample_argb_bitmap_hq(dest, tempbitmap, color());
	}
};


// row of dots for a dotmatrix
class layout_element::dotmatrix_component : public component
{
public:
	// construction/destruction
	dotmatrix_component(int dots, environment &env, util::xml::data_node const &compnode, const char *dirname)
		: component(env, compnode, dirname)
		, m_dots(dots)
	{
	}

protected:
	// overrides
	virtual int maxstate() const override { return (1 << m_dots) - 1; }

	virtual void draw(running_machine &machine, bitmap_argb32 &dest, const rectangle &bounds, int state) override
	{
		const rgb_t onpen = rgb_t(0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff);
		const rgb_t offpen = rgb_t(0xff, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20);

		// sizes for computation
		int bmheight = 300;
		int dotwidth = 250;

		// allocate a temporary bitmap for drawing
		bitmap_argb32 tempbitmap(dotwidth*m_dots, bmheight);
		tempbitmap.fill(rgb_t(0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00));

		for (int i = 0; i < m_dots; i++)
			draw_segment_decimal(tempbitmap, ((dotwidth / 2) + (i * dotwidth)), bmheight / 2, dotwidth, BIT(state, i) ? onpen : offpen);

		// resample to the target size
		render_resample_argb_bitmap_hq(dest, tempbitmap, color());
	}

private:
	// internal state
	int m_dots;
};


// simple counter
class layout_element::simplecounter_component : public component
{
public:
	// construction/destruction
	simplecounter_component(environment &env, util::xml::data_node const &compnode, const char *dirname)
		: component(env, compnode, dirname)
		, m_digits(env.get_attribute_int(compnode, "digits", 2))
		, m_textalign(env.get_attribute_int(compnode, "align", 0))
		, m_maxstate(env.get_attribute_int(compnode, "maxstate", 999))
	{
	}

protected:
	// overrides
	virtual int maxstate() const override { return m_maxstate; }

	virtual void draw(running_machine &machine, bitmap_argb32 &dest, const rectangle &bounds, int state) override
	{
		render_font *font = machine.render().font_alloc("default");
		std::string temp = string_format("%0*d", m_digits, state);
		draw_text(*font, dest, bounds, temp.c_str(), m_textalign);
		machine.render().font_free(font);
	}

private:
	// internal state
	int const   m_digits;       // number of digits for simple counters
	int const   m_textalign;    // text alignment to box
	int const   m_maxstate;
};


// fruit machine reel
class layout_element::reel_component : public component
{
	static constexpr unsigned MAX_BITMAPS = 32;

public:
	// construction/destruction
	reel_component(environment &env, util::xml::data_node const &compnode, const char *dirname)
		: component(env, compnode, dirname)
	{
		for (auto & elem : m_hasalpha)
			elem = false;

		std::string symbollist = env.get_attribute_string(compnode, "symbollist", "0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15");

		// split out position names from string and figure out our number of symbols
		int location;
		m_numstops = 0;
		location=symbollist.find(",");
		while (location!=-1)
		{
			m_stopnames[m_numstops] = symbollist;
			m_stopnames[m_numstops] = m_stopnames[m_numstops].substr(0, location);
			symbollist = symbollist.substr(location+1, symbollist.length()-(location-1));
			m_numstops++;
			location=symbollist.find(",");
		}
		m_stopnames[m_numstops++] = symbollist;

		// careful, dirname is nullptr if we're coming from internal layout, and our string assignment doesn't like that
		if (dirname != nullptr)
			m_dirname = dirname;

		for (int i=0;i<m_numstops;i++)
		{
			location=m_stopnames[i].find(":");
			if (location!=-1)
			{
				m_imagefile[i] = m_stopnames[i];
				m_stopnames[i] = m_stopnames[i].substr(0, location);
				m_imagefile[i] = m_imagefile[i].substr(location+1, m_imagefile[i].length()-(location-1));

				//m_alphafile[i] =
				m_file[i] = std::make_unique<emu_file>(env.machine().options().art_path(), OPEN_FLAG_READ);
			}
			else
			{
				//m_imagefile[i] = 0;
				//m_alphafile[i] = 0;
				m_file[i].reset();
			}
		}

		m_stateoffset = env.get_attribute_int(compnode, "stateoffset", 0);
		m_numsymbolsvisible = env.get_attribute_int(compnode, "numsymbolsvisible", 3);
		m_reelreversed = env.get_attribute_int(compnode, "reelreversed", 0);
		m_beltreel = env.get_attribute_int(compnode, "beltreel", 0);
	}

protected:
	// overrides
	virtual int maxstate() const override { return 65535; }
	virtual void draw(running_machine &machine, bitmap_argb32 &dest, const rectangle &bounds, int state) override
	{
		if (m_beltreel)
		{
			draw_beltreel(machine, dest, bounds, state);
			return;
		}

		// state is a normalized value between 0 and 65536 so that we don't need to worry about how many motor steps here or in the .lay, only the number of symbols
		const int max_state_used = 0x10000;

		// shift the reels a bit based on this param, allows fine tuning
		int use_state = (state + m_stateoffset) % max_state_used;

		// compute premultiplied colors
		u32 r = color().r * 255.0f;
		u32 g = color().g * 255.0f;
		u32 b = color().b * 255.0f;
		u32 a = color().a * 255.0f;

		// get the width of the string
		render_font *font = machine.render().font_alloc("default");
		float aspect = 1.0f;
		s32 width;

		int curry = 0;
		int num_shown = m_numsymbolsvisible;

		int ourheight = bounds.height();

		for (int fruit = 0;fruit<m_numstops;fruit++)
		{
			int basey;

			if (m_reelreversed)
			{
				basey = bounds.top() + ((use_state)*(ourheight/num_shown)/(max_state_used/m_numstops)) + curry;
			}
			else
			{
				basey = bounds.top() - ((use_state)*(ourheight/num_shown)/(max_state_used/m_numstops)) + curry;
			}

			// wrap around...
			if (basey < bounds.top())
				basey += ((max_state_used)*(ourheight/num_shown)/(max_state_used/m_numstops));
			if (basey > bounds.bottom())
				basey -= ((max_state_used)*(ourheight/num_shown)/(max_state_used/m_numstops));

			int endpos = basey+ourheight/num_shown;

			// only render the symbol / text if it's atually in view because the code is SLOW
			if ((endpos >= bounds.top()) && (basey <= bounds.bottom()))
			{
				while (1)
				{
					width = font->string_width(ourheight / num_shown, aspect, m_stopnames[fruit].c_str());
					if (width < bounds.width())
						break;
					aspect *= 0.9f;
				}

				s32 curx;
				curx = bounds.left() + (bounds.width() - width) / 2;

				if (m_file[fruit])
					if (!m_bitmap[fruit].valid())
						load_reel_bitmap(fruit);

				if (m_file[fruit]) // render gfx
				{
					bitmap_argb32 tempbitmap2(dest.width(), ourheight/num_shown);

					if (m_bitmap[fruit].valid())
					{
						render_resample_argb_bitmap_hq(tempbitmap2, m_bitmap[fruit], color());

						for (int y = 0; y < ourheight/num_shown; y++)
						{
							int effy = basey + y;

							if (effy >= bounds.top() && effy <= bounds.bottom())
							{
								u32 *src = &tempbitmap2.pix32(y);
								u32 *d = &dest.pix32(effy);
								for (int x = 0; x < dest.width(); x++)
								{
									int effx = x;
									if (effx >= bounds.left() && effx <= bounds.right())
									{
										u32 spix = rgb_t(src[x]).a();
										if (spix != 0)
										{
											d[effx] = src[x];
										}
									}
								}
							}
						}
					}
				}
				else // render text (fallback)
				{
					// allocate a temporary bitmap
					bitmap_argb32 tempbitmap(dest.width(), dest.height());

					const char *origs = m_stopnames[fruit].c_str();
					const char *ends = origs + strlen(origs);
					const char *s = origs;
					char32_t schar;

					// loop over characters
					while (*s != 0)
					{
						int scharcount = uchar_from_utf8(&schar, s, ends - s);

						if (scharcount == -1)
							break;

						// get the font bitmap
						rectangle chbounds;
						font->get_scaled_bitmap_and_bounds(tempbitmap, ourheight/num_shown, aspect, schar, chbounds);

						// copy the data into the target
						for (int y = 0; y < chbounds.height(); y++)
						{
							int effy = basey + y;

							if (effy >= bounds.top() && effy <= bounds.bottom())
							{
								u32 *src = &tempbitmap.pix32(y);
								u32 *d = &dest.pix32(effy);
								for (int x = 0; x < chbounds.width(); x++)
								{
									int effx = curx + x + chbounds.left();
									if (effx >= bounds.left() && effx <= bounds.right())
									{
										u32 spix = rgb_t(src[x]).a();
										if (spix != 0)
										{
											rgb_t dpix = d[effx];
											u32 ta = (a * (spix + 1)) >> 8;
											u32 tr = (r * ta + dpix.r() * (0x100 - ta)) >> 8;
											u32 tg = (g * ta + dpix.g() * (0x100 - ta)) >> 8;
											u32 tb = (b * ta + dpix.b() * (0x100 - ta)) >> 8;
											d[effx] = rgb_t(tr, tg, tb);
										}
									}
								}
							}
						}

						// advance in the X direction
						curx += font->char_width(ourheight/num_shown, aspect, schar);
						s += scharcount;
					}
				}
			}

			curry += ourheight/num_shown;
		}

		// free the temporary bitmap and font
		machine.render().font_free(font);
	}

private:
	// internal helpers
	void draw_beltreel(running_machine &machine, bitmap_argb32 &dest, const rectangle &bounds, int state)
	{
		const int max_state_used = 0x10000;

		// shift the reels a bit based on this param, allows fine tuning
		int use_state = (state + m_stateoffset) % max_state_used;

		// compute premultiplied colors
		u32 r = color().r * 255.0f;
		u32 g = color().g * 255.0f;
		u32 b = color().b * 255.0f;
		u32 a = color().a * 255.0f;

		// get the width of the string
		render_font *font = machine.render().font_alloc("default");
		float aspect = 1.0f;
		s32 width;
		int currx = 0;
		int num_shown = m_numsymbolsvisible;

		int ourwidth = bounds.width();

		for (int fruit = 0;fruit<m_numstops;fruit++)
		{
			int basex;
			if (m_reelreversed==1)
			{
				basex = bounds.min_x + ((use_state)*(ourwidth/num_shown)/(max_state_used/m_numstops)) + currx;
			}
			else
			{
				basex = bounds.min_x - ((use_state)*(ourwidth/num_shown)/(max_state_used/m_numstops)) + currx;
			}

			// wrap around...
			if (basex < bounds.left())
				basex += ((max_state_used)*(ourwidth/num_shown)/(max_state_used/m_numstops));
			if (basex > bounds.right())
				basex -= ((max_state_used)*(ourwidth/num_shown)/(max_state_used/m_numstops));

			int endpos = basex+(ourwidth/num_shown);

			// only render the symbol / text if it's atually in view because the code is SLOW
			if ((endpos >= bounds.left()) && (basex <= bounds.right()))
			{
				while (1)
				{
					width = font->string_width(dest.height(), aspect, m_stopnames[fruit].c_str());
					if (width < bounds.width())
						break;
					aspect *= 0.9f;
				}

				s32 curx;
				curx = bounds.left();

				if (m_file[fruit])
					if (!m_bitmap[fruit].valid())
						load_reel_bitmap(fruit);

				if (m_file[fruit]) // render gfx
				{
					bitmap_argb32 tempbitmap2(ourwidth/num_shown, dest.height());

					if (m_bitmap[fruit].valid())
					{
						render_resample_argb_bitmap_hq(tempbitmap2, m_bitmap[fruit], color());

						for (int y = 0; y < dest.height(); y++)
						{
							int effy = y;

							if (effy >= bounds.top() && effy <= bounds.bottom())
							{
								u32 *src = &tempbitmap2.pix32(y);
								u32 *d = &dest.pix32(effy);
								for (int x = 0; x < ourwidth/num_shown; x++)
								{
									int effx = basex + x;
									if (effx >= bounds.left() && effx <= bounds.right())
									{
										u32 spix = rgb_t(src[x]).a();
										if (spix != 0)
										{
											d[effx] = src[x];
										}
									}
								}
							}

						}
					}
				}
				else // render text (fallback)
				{
					// allocate a temporary bitmap
					bitmap_argb32 tempbitmap(dest.width(), dest.height());

					const char *origs = m_stopnames[fruit].c_str();
					const char *ends = origs + strlen(origs);
					const char *s = origs;
					char32_t schar;

					// loop over characters
					while (*s != 0)
					{
						int scharcount = uchar_from_utf8(&schar, s, ends - s);

						if (scharcount == -1)
							break;

						// get the font bitmap
						rectangle chbounds;
						font->get_scaled_bitmap_and_bounds(tempbitmap, dest.height(), aspect, schar, chbounds);

						// copy the data into the target
						for (int y = 0; y < chbounds.height(); y++)
						{
							int effy = y;

							if (effy >= bounds.top() && effy <= bounds.bottom())
							{
								u32 *src = &tempbitmap.pix32(y);
								u32 *d = &dest.pix32(effy);
								for (int x = 0; x < chbounds.width(); x++)
								{
									int effx = basex + curx + x;
									if (effx >= bounds.left() && effx <= bounds.right())
									{
										u32 spix = rgb_t(src[x]).a();
										if (spix != 0)
										{
											rgb_t dpix = d[effx];
											u32 ta = (a * (spix + 1)) >> 8;
											u32 tr = (r * ta + dpix.r() * (0x100 - ta)) >> 8;
											u32 tg = (g * ta + dpix.g() * (0x100 - ta)) >> 8;
											u32 tb = (b * ta + dpix.b() * (0x100 - ta)) >> 8;
											d[effx] = rgb_t(tr, tg, tb);
										}
									}
								}
							}
						}

						// advance in the X direction
						curx += font->char_width(dest.height(), aspect, schar);
						s += scharcount;
					}
				}
			}

			currx += ourwidth/num_shown;
		}

		// free the temporary bitmap and font
		machine.render().font_free(font);
	}

	void load_reel_bitmap(int number)
	{
		// load the basic bitmap
		assert(m_file != nullptr);
		/*m_hasalpha[number] = */ render_load_png(m_bitmap[number], *m_file[number], m_dirname.c_str(), m_imagefile[number].c_str());

		// load the alpha bitmap if specified
		//if (m_bitmap[number].valid() && m_alphafile[number])
		//  render_load_png(m_bitmap[number], *m_file[number], m_dirname, m_alphafile[number], true);

		// if we can't load the bitmap just use text rendering
		if (!m_bitmap[number].valid())
		{
			// fallback to text rendering
			m_file[number].reset();
		}

	}

	// internal state
	bitmap_argb32       m_bitmap[MAX_BITMAPS];      // source bitmap for images
	std::string         m_dirname;                  // directory name of image file (for lazy loading)
	std::unique_ptr<emu_file> m_file[MAX_BITMAPS];        // file object for reading image/alpha files
	std::string         m_imagefile[MAX_BITMAPS];   // name of the image file (for lazy loading)
	std::string         m_alphafile[MAX_BITMAPS];   // name of the alpha file (for lazy loading)
	bool                m_hasalpha[MAX_BITMAPS];    // is there any alpha component present?

	// basically made up of multiple text strings / gfx
	int                 m_numstops;
	std::string         m_stopnames[MAX_BITMAPS];
	int                 m_stateoffset;
	int                 m_reelreversed;
	int                 m_numsymbolsvisible;
	int                 m_beltreel;
};


//-------------------------------------------------
//  make_component - create component of given type
//-------------------------------------------------

template <typename T>
layout_element::component::ptr layout_element::make_component(environment &env, util::xml::data_node const &compnode, const char *dirname)
{
	return std::make_unique<T>(env, compnode, dirname);
}


//-------------------------------------------------
//  make_component - create dotmatrix component
//  with given vertical resolution
//-------------------------------------------------

template <int D>
layout_element::component::ptr layout_element::make_dotmatrix_component(environment &env, util::xml::data_node const &compnode, const char *dirname)
{
	return std::make_unique<dotmatrix_component>(D, env, compnode, dirname);
}



//**************************************************************************
//  LAYOUT ELEMENT TEXTURE
//**************************************************************************

//-------------------------------------------------
//  texture - constructors
//-------------------------------------------------

layout_element::texture::texture()
	: m_element(nullptr)
	, m_texture(nullptr)
	, m_state(0)
{
}


layout_element::texture::texture(texture &&that) : texture()
{
	operator=(std::move(that));
}


//-------------------------------------------------
//  ~texture - destructor
//-------------------------------------------------

layout_element::texture::~texture()
{
	if (m_element != nullptr)
		m_element->machine().render().texture_free(m_texture);
}


//-------------------------------------------------
//  opearator= - move assignment
//-------------------------------------------------

layout_element::texture &layout_element::texture::operator=(texture &&that)
{
	using std::swap;
	swap(m_element, that.m_element);
	swap(m_texture, that.m_texture);
	swap(m_state, that.m_state);
	return *this;
}



//**************************************************************************
//  LAYOUT ELEMENT COMPONENT
//**************************************************************************

//-------------------------------------------------
//  component - constructor
//-------------------------------------------------

layout_element::component::component(environment &env, util::xml::data_node const &compnode, const char *dirname)
	: m_state(env.get_attribute_int(compnode, "state", -1))
	, m_color(env.parse_color(compnode.get_child("color")))
{
	env.parse_bounds(compnode.get_child("bounds"), m_bounds);
}


//-------------------------------------------------
//  normalize_bounds - normalize component bounds
//-------------------------------------------------

void layout_element::component::normalize_bounds(float xoffs, float yoffs, float xscale, float yscale)
{
	m_bounds.x0 = (m_bounds.x0 - xoffs) * xscale;
	m_bounds.x1 = (m_bounds.x1 - xoffs) * xscale;
	m_bounds.y0 = (m_bounds.y0 - yoffs) * yscale;
	m_bounds.y1 = (m_bounds.y1 - yoffs) * yscale;
}


//-------------------------------------------------
//  draw_text - draw text in the specified color
//-------------------------------------------------

void layout_element::component::draw_text(render_font &font, bitmap_argb32 &dest, const rectangle &bounds, const char *str, int align)
{
	// compute premultiplied colors
	u32 r = color().r * 255.0f;
	u32 g = color().g * 255.0f;
	u32 b = color().b * 255.0f;
	u32 a = color().a * 255.0f;

	// get the width of the string
	float aspect = 1.0f;
	s32 width;

	while (1)
	{
		width = font.string_width(bounds.height(), aspect, str);
		if (width < bounds.width())
			break;
		aspect *= 0.9f;
	}

	// get alignment
	s32 curx;
	switch (align)
	{
		// left
		case 1:
			curx = bounds.left();
			break;

		// right
		case 2:
			curx = bounds.right() - width;
			break;

		// default to center
		default:
			curx = bounds.left() + (bounds.width() - width) / 2;
			break;
	}

	// allocate a temporary bitmap
	bitmap_argb32 tempbitmap(dest.width(), dest.height());

	// loop over characters
	const char *origs = str;
	const char *ends = origs + strlen(origs);
	const char *s = origs;
	char32_t schar;

	// loop over characters
	while (*s != 0)
	{
		int scharcount = uchar_from_utf8(&schar, s, ends - s);

		if (scharcount == -1)
			break;

		// get the font bitmap
		rectangle chbounds;
		font.get_scaled_bitmap_and_bounds(tempbitmap, bounds.height(), aspect, schar, chbounds);

		// copy the data into the target
		for (int y = 0; y < chbounds.height(); y++)
		{
			int effy = bounds.top() + y;
			if (effy >= bounds.top() && effy <= bounds.bottom())
			{
				u32 *src = &tempbitmap.pix32(y);
				u32 *d = &dest.pix32(effy);
				for (int x = 0; x < chbounds.width(); x++)
				{
					int effx = curx + x + chbounds.left();
					if (effx >= bounds.left() && effx <= bounds.right())
					{
						u32 spix = rgb_t(src[x]).a();
						if (spix != 0)
						{
							rgb_t dpix = d[effx];
							u32 ta = (a * (spix + 1)) >> 8;
							u32 tr = (r * ta + dpix.r() * (0x100 - ta)) >> 8;
							u32 tg = (g * ta + dpix.g() * (0x100 - ta)) >> 8;
							u32 tb = (b * ta + dpix.b() * (0x100 - ta)) >> 8;
							d[effx] = rgb_t(tr, tg, tb);
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}

		// advance in the X direction
		curx += font.char_width(bounds.height(), aspect, schar);
		s += scharcount;
	}
}


//-------------------------------------------------
//  draw_segment_horizontal_caps - draw a
//  horizontal LED segment with definable end
//  and start points
//-------------------------------------------------

void layout_element::component::draw_segment_horizontal_caps(bitmap_argb32 &dest, int minx, int maxx, int midy, int width, int caps, rgb_t color)
{
	// loop over the width of the segment
	for (int y = 0; y < width / 2; y++)
	{
		u32 *d0 = &dest.pix32(midy - y);
		u32 *d1 = &dest.pix32(midy + y);
		int ty = (y < width / 8) ? width / 8 : y;

		// loop over the length of the segment
		for (int x = minx + ((caps & LINE_CAP_START) ? ty : 0); x < maxx - ((caps & LINE_CAP_END) ? ty : 0); x++)
			d0[x] = d1[x] = color;
	}
}


//-------------------------------------------------
//  draw_segment_horizontal - draw a horizontal
//  LED segment
//-------------------------------------------------

void layout_element::component::draw_segment_horizontal(bitmap_argb32 &dest, int minx, int maxx, int midy, int width, rgb_t color)
{
	draw_segment_horizontal_caps(dest, minx, maxx, midy, width, LINE_CAP_START | LINE_CAP_END, color);
}


//-------------------------------------------------
//  draw_segment_vertical_caps - draw a
//  vertical LED segment with definable end
//  and start points
//-------------------------------------------------

void layout_element::component::draw_segment_vertical_caps(bitmap_argb32 &dest, int miny, int maxy, int midx, int width, int caps, rgb_t color)
{
	// loop over the width of the segment
	for (int x = 0; x < width / 2; x++)
	{
		u32 *d0 = &dest.pix32(0, midx - x);
		u32 *d1 = &dest.pix32(0, midx + x);
		int tx = (x < width / 8) ? width / 8 : x;

		// loop over the length of the segment
		for (int y = miny + ((caps & LINE_CAP_START) ? tx : 0); y < maxy - ((caps & LINE_CAP_END) ? tx : 0); y++)
			d0[y * dest.rowpixels()] = d1[y * dest.rowpixels()] = color;
	}
}


//-------------------------------------------------
//  draw_segment_vertical - draw a vertical
//  LED segment
//-------------------------------------------------

void layout_element::component::draw_segment_vertical(bitmap_argb32 &dest, int miny, int maxy, int midx, int width, rgb_t color)
{
	draw_segment_vertical_caps(dest, miny, maxy, midx, width, LINE_CAP_START | LINE_CAP_END, color);
}


//-------------------------------------------------
//  draw_segment_diagonal_1 - draw a diagonal
//  LED segment that looks like a backslash
//-------------------------------------------------

void layout_element::component::draw_segment_diagonal_1(bitmap_argb32 &dest, int minx, int maxx, int miny, int maxy, int width, rgb_t color)
{
	// compute parameters
	width *= 1.5;
	float ratio = (maxy - miny - width) / (float)(maxx - minx);

	// draw line
	for (int x = minx; x < maxx; x++)
		if (x >= 0 && x < dest.width())
		{
			u32 *d = &dest.pix32(0, x);
			int step = (x - minx) * ratio;

			for (int y = maxy - width - step; y < maxy - step; y++)
				if (y >= 0 && y < dest.height())
					d[y * dest.rowpixels()] = color;
		}
}


//-------------------------------------------------
//  draw_segment_diagonal_2 - draw a diagonal
//  LED segment that looks like a forward slash
//-------------------------------------------------

void layout_element::component::draw_segment_diagonal_2(bitmap_argb32 &dest, int minx, int maxx, int miny, int maxy, int width, rgb_t color)
{
	// compute parameters
	width *= 1.5;
	float ratio = (maxy - miny - width) / (float)(maxx - minx);

	// draw line
	for (int x = minx; x < maxx; x++)
		if (x >= 0 && x < dest.width())
		{
			u32 *d = &dest.pix32(0, x);
			int step = (x - minx) * ratio;

			for (int y = miny + step; y < miny + step + width; y++)
				if (y >= 0 && y < dest.height())
					d[y * dest.rowpixels()] = color;
		}
}


//-------------------------------------------------
//  draw_segment_decimal - draw a decimal point
//-------------------------------------------------

void layout_element::component::draw_segment_decimal(bitmap_argb32 &dest, int midx, int midy, int width, rgb_t color)
{
	// compute parameters
	width /= 2;
	float ooradius2 = 1.0f / (float)(width * width);

	// iterate over y
	for (u32 y = 0; y <= width; y++)
	{
		u32 *d0 = &dest.pix32(midy - y);
		u32 *d1 = &dest.pix32(midy + y);
		float xval = width * sqrt(1.0f - (float)(y * y) * ooradius2);
		s32 left, right;

		// compute left/right coordinates
		left = midx - s32(xval + 0.5f);
		right = midx + s32(xval + 0.5f);

		// draw this scanline
		for (u32 x = left; x < right; x++)
			d0[x] = d1[x] = color;
	}
}


//-------------------------------------------------
//  draw_segment_comma - draw a comma tail
//-------------------------------------------------

void layout_element::component::draw_segment_comma(bitmap_argb32 &dest, int minx, int maxx, int miny, int maxy, int width, rgb_t color)
{
	// compute parameters
	width *= 1.5;
	float ratio = (maxy - miny - width) / (float)(maxx - minx);

	// draw line
	for (int x = minx; x < maxx; x++)
	{
		u32 *d = &dest.pix32(0, x);
		int step = (x - minx) * ratio;

		for (int y = maxy; y < maxy  - width - step; y--)
			d[y * dest.rowpixels()] = color;
	}
}


//-------------------------------------------------
//  apply_skew - apply skew to a bitmap
//-------------------------------------------------

void layout_element::component::apply_skew(bitmap_argb32 &dest, int skewwidth)
{
	for (int y = 0; y < dest.height(); y++)
	{
		u32 *destrow = &dest.pix32(y);
		int offs = skewwidth * (dest.height() - y) / dest.height();
		for (int x = dest.width() - skewwidth - 1; x >= 0; x--)
			destrow[x + offs] = destrow[x];
		for (int x = 0; x < offs; x++)
			destrow[x] = 0;
	}
}



//**************************************************************************
//  LAYOUT VIEW
//**************************************************************************

struct layout_view::layer_lists { item_list backdrops, screens, overlays, bezels, cpanels, marquees; };


//-------------------------------------------------
//  layout_view - constructor
//-------------------------------------------------

layout_view::layout_view(
		environment &env,
		util::xml::data_node const &viewnode,
		element_map &elemmap,
		group_map &groupmap)
	: m_name(make_name(env, viewnode))
	, m_aspect(1.0f)
	, m_scraspect(1.0f)
	, m_items()
	, m_has_art(false)
{
	// parse the layout
	m_expbounds.x0 = m_expbounds.y0 = m_expbounds.x1 = m_expbounds.y1 = 0;
	environment local(env);
	layer_lists layers;
	local.set_parameter("viewname", std::string(m_name));
	add_items(layers, local, viewnode, elemmap, groupmap, ROT0, identity_transform, render_color{ 1.0F, 1.0F, 1.0F, 1.0F }, true, false, true);

	// deal with legacy element groupings
	if (!layers.overlays.empty() || (layers.backdrops.size() <= 1))
	{
		// screens (-1) + overlays (RGB multiply) + backdrop (add) + bezels (alpha) + cpanels (alpha) + marquees (alpha)
		for (item &backdrop : layers.backdrops)
			backdrop.set_blend_mode(BLENDMODE_ADD);
		m_items.splice(m_items.end(), layers.screens);
		m_items.splice(m_items.end(), layers.overlays);
		m_items.splice(m_items.end(), layers.backdrops);
		m_items.splice(m_items.end(), layers.bezels);
		m_items.splice(m_items.end(), layers.cpanels);
		m_items.splice(m_items.end(), layers.marquees);
	}
	else
	{
		// multiple backdrop pieces and no overlays (Golly! Ghost! mode):
		// backdrop (alpha) + screens (add) + bezels (alpha) + cpanels (alpha) + marquees (alpha)
		for (item &screen : layers.screens)
		{
			if (screen.blend_mode() == -1)
				screen.set_blend_mode(BLENDMODE_ADD);
		}
		m_items.splice(m_items.end(), layers.backdrops);
		m_items.splice(m_items.end(), layers.screens);
		m_items.splice(m_items.end(), layers.bezels);
		m_items.splice(m_items.end(), layers.cpanels);
		m_items.splice(m_items.end(), layers.marquees);
	}

	// calculate metrics
	recompute(render_layer_config());
	for (group_map::value_type &group : groupmap)
		group.second.set_bounds_unresolved();
}


//-------------------------------------------------
//  layout_view - destructor
//-------------------------------------------------

layout_view::~layout_view()
{
}


//-------------------------------------------------
//  recompute - recompute the bounds and aspect
//  ratio of a view and all of its contained items
//-------------------------------------------------

void layout_view::recompute(render_layer_config layerconfig)
{
	// reset the bounds
	m_bounds.x0 = m_bounds.y0 = m_bounds.x1 = m_bounds.y1 = 0.0f;
	m_scrbounds.x0 = m_scrbounds.y0 = m_scrbounds.x1 = m_scrbounds.y1 = 0.0f;
	m_screens.reset();

	// loop over all layers
	bool first = true;
	bool scrfirst = true;
	for (item &curitem : m_items)
	{
		// accumulate bounds
		if (first)
			m_bounds = curitem.m_rawbounds;
		else
			union_render_bounds(m_bounds, curitem.m_rawbounds);
		first = false;

		// accumulate screen bounds
		if (curitem.m_screen)
		{
			if (scrfirst)
				m_scrbounds = curitem.m_rawbounds;
			else
				union_render_bounds(m_scrbounds, curitem.m_rawbounds);
			scrfirst = false;

			// accumulate the screens in use while we're scanning
			m_screens.add(*curitem.m_screen);
		}
	}

	// if we have an explicit bounds, override it
	if (m_expbounds.x1 > m_expbounds.x0)
		m_bounds = m_expbounds;

	// if we're handling things normally, the target bounds are (0,0)-(1,1)
	render_bounds target_bounds;
	if (!layerconfig.zoom_to_screen() || m_screens.count() == 0)
	{
		// compute the aspect ratio of the view
		m_aspect = (m_bounds.x1 - m_bounds.x0) / (m_bounds.y1 - m_bounds.y0);

		target_bounds.x0 = target_bounds.y0 = 0.0f;
		target_bounds.x1 = target_bounds.y1 = 1.0f;
	}

	// if we're cropping, we want the screen area to fill (0,0)-(1,1)
	else
	{
		// compute the aspect ratio of the screen
		m_scraspect = (m_scrbounds.x1 - m_scrbounds.x0) / (m_scrbounds.y1 - m_scrbounds.y0);

		float targwidth = (m_bounds.x1 - m_bounds.x0) / (m_scrbounds.x1 - m_scrbounds.x0);
		float targheight = (m_bounds.y1 - m_bounds.y0) / (m_scrbounds.y1 - m_scrbounds.y0);
		target_bounds.x0 = (m_bounds.x0 - m_scrbounds.x0) / (m_bounds.x1 - m_bounds.x0) * targwidth;
		target_bounds.y0 = (m_bounds.y0 - m_scrbounds.y0) / (m_bounds.y1 - m_bounds.y0) * targheight;
		target_bounds.x1 = target_bounds.x0 + targwidth;
		target_bounds.y1 = target_bounds.y0 + targheight;
	}

	// determine the scale/offset for normalization
	float xoffs = m_bounds.x0;
	float yoffs = m_bounds.y0;
	float xscale = (target_bounds.x1 - target_bounds.x0) / (m_bounds.x1 - m_bounds.x0);
	float yscale = (target_bounds.y1 - target_bounds.y0) / (m_bounds.y1 - m_bounds.y0);

	// normalize all the item bounds
	for (item &curitem : items())
	{
		curitem.m_bounds.x0 = target_bounds.x0 + (curitem.m_rawbounds.x0 - xoffs) * xscale;
		curitem.m_bounds.x1 = target_bounds.x0 + (curitem.m_rawbounds.x1 - xoffs) * xscale;
		curitem.m_bounds.y0 = target_bounds.y0 + (curitem.m_rawbounds.y0 - yoffs) * yscale;
		curitem.m_bounds.y1 = target_bounds.y0 + (curitem.m_rawbounds.y1 - yoffs) * yscale;
	}
}


//-------------------------------------------------
//  resolve_tags - resolve tags
//-------------------------------------------------

void layout_view::resolve_tags()
{
	for (item &curitem : items())
		curitem.resolve_tags();
}


//-------------------------------------------------
//  add_items - add items, recursing for groups
//-------------------------------------------------

void layout_view::add_items(
		layer_lists &layers,
		environment &env,
		util::xml::data_node const &parentnode,
		element_map &elemmap,
		group_map &groupmap,
		int orientation,
		layout_group::transform const &trans,
		render_color const &color,
		bool root,
		bool repeat,
		bool init)
{
	bool envaltered(false);
	bool unresolved(true);
	for (util::xml::data_node const *itemnode = parentnode.get_first_child(); itemnode; itemnode = itemnode->get_next_sibling())
	{
		if (!strcmp(itemnode->get_name(), "bounds"))
		{
			// set explicit bounds
			if (root)
				env.parse_bounds(itemnode, m_expbounds);
		}
		else if (!strcmp(itemnode->get_name(), "param"))
		{
			envaltered = true;
			if (!unresolved)
			{
				unresolved = true;
				for (group_map::value_type &group : groupmap)
					group.second.set_bounds_unresolved();
			}
			if (!repeat)
				env.set_parameter(*itemnode);
			else
				env.set_repeat_parameter(*itemnode, init);
		}
		else if (!strcmp(itemnode->get_name(), "backdrop"))
		{
			layers.backdrops.emplace_back(env, *itemnode, elemmap, orientation, trans, color);
			m_has_art = true;
		}
		else if (!strcmp(itemnode->get_name(), "screen"))
		{
			layers.screens.emplace_back(env, *itemnode, elemmap, orientation, trans, color);
		}
		else if (!strcmp(itemnode->get_name(), "element"))
		{
			layers.screens.emplace_back(env, *itemnode, elemmap, orientation, trans, color);
			m_has_art = true;
		}
		else if (!strcmp(itemnode->get_name(), "overlay"))
		{
			layers.overlays.emplace_back(env, *itemnode, elemmap, orientation, trans, color);
			m_has_art = true;
		}
		else if (!strcmp(itemnode->get_name(), "bezel"))
		{
			layers.bezels.emplace_back(env, *itemnode, elemmap, orientation, trans, color);
			m_has_art = true;
		}
		else if (!strcmp(itemnode->get_name(), "cpanel"))
		{
			layers.cpanels.emplace_back(env, *itemnode, elemmap, orientation, trans, color);
			m_has_art = true;
		}
		else if (!strcmp(itemnode->get_name(), "marquee"))
		{
			layers.marquees.emplace_back(env, *itemnode, elemmap, orientation, trans, color);
			m_has_art = true;
		}
		else if (!strcmp(itemnode->get_name(), "group"))
		{
			char const *ref(env.get_attribute_string(*itemnode, "ref", nullptr));
			if (!ref)
				throw layout_syntax_error("nested group must have ref attribute");

			group_map::iterator const found(groupmap.find(ref));
			if (groupmap.end() == found)
				throw layout_syntax_error(util::string_format("unable to find group %s", ref));
			unresolved = false;
			found->second.resolve_bounds(env, groupmap);

			layout_group::transform grouptrans(trans);
			util::xml::data_node const *const itemboundsnode(itemnode->get_child("bounds"));
			util::xml::data_node const *const itemorientnode(itemnode->get_child("orientation"));
			int const grouporient(env.parse_orientation(itemorientnode));
			if (itemboundsnode)
			{
				render_bounds itembounds;
				env.parse_bounds(itemboundsnode, itembounds);
				grouptrans = found->second.make_transform(grouporient, itembounds, trans);
			}
			else if (itemorientnode)
			{
				grouptrans = found->second.make_transform(grouporient, trans);
			}

			environment local(env);
			add_items(
					layers,
					local,
					found->second.get_groupnode(),
					elemmap,
					groupmap,
					orientation_add(grouporient, orientation),
					grouptrans,
					render_color_multiply(env.parse_color(itemnode->get_child("color")), color),
					false,
					false,
					true);
		}
		else if (!strcmp(itemnode->get_name(), "repeat"))
		{
			int const count(env.get_attribute_int(*itemnode, "count", -1));
			if (0 >= count)
				throw layout_syntax_error("repeat must have positive integer count attribute");
			environment local(env);
			for (int i = 0; count > i; ++i)
			{
				add_items(layers, local, *itemnode, elemmap, groupmap, orientation, trans, color, false, true, !i);
				local.increment_parameters();
			}
		}
		else
		{
			throw layout_syntax_error(util::string_format("unknown view item %s", itemnode->get_name()));
		}
	}

	if (envaltered && !unresolved)
	{
		for (group_map::value_type &group : groupmap)
			group.second.set_bounds_unresolved();
	}
}

std::string layout_view::make_name(environment &env, util::xml::data_node const &viewnode)
{
	char const *const name(env.get_attribute_string(viewnode, "name", nullptr));
	if (!name)
		throw layout_syntax_error("view must have name attribute");

	if (env.is_root_device())
	{
		return name;
	}
	else
	{
		char const *tag(env.device().tag());
		if (':' == *tag)
			++tag;
		return util::string_format("%s %s", tag, name);
	}
}



//**************************************************************************
//  LAYOUT VIEW ITEM
//**************************************************************************

//-------------------------------------------------
//  item - constructor
//-------------------------------------------------

layout_view::item::item(
		environment &env,
		util::xml::data_node const &itemnode,
		element_map &elemmap,
		int orientation,
		layout_group::transform const &trans,
		render_color const &color)
	: m_element(find_element(env, itemnode, elemmap))
	, m_output(env.device(), env.get_attribute_string(itemnode, "name", ""))
	, m_have_output(env.get_attribute_string(itemnode, "name", "")[0])
	, m_input_tag(make_input_tag(env, itemnode))
	, m_input_port(nullptr)
	, m_input_field(nullptr)
	, m_input_mask(env.get_attribute_int(itemnode, "inputmask", 0))
	, m_input_shift(0)
	, m_input_raw(0 != env.get_attribute_int(itemnode, "inputraw", 0))
	, m_screen(nullptr)
	, m_orientation(orientation_add(env.parse_orientation(itemnode.get_child("orientation")), orientation))
	, m_rawbounds(make_bounds(env, itemnode, trans))
	, m_color(render_color_multiply(env.parse_color(itemnode.get_child("color")), color))
	, m_blend_mode(get_blend_mode(env, itemnode))
{
	// outputs need resolving
	if (m_have_output)
		m_output.resolve();

	// fetch common data
	int index = env.get_attribute_int(itemnode, "index", -1);
	if (index != -1)
		m_screen = screen_device_iterator(env.machine().root_device()).byindex(index);
	for (u32 mask = m_input_mask; (mask != 0) && (~mask & 1); mask >>= 1)
		m_input_shift++;
	if (m_have_output && m_element)
		m_output = m_element->default_state();

	// sanity checks
	if (strcmp(itemnode.get_name(), "screen") == 0)
	{
		if (itemnode.has_attribute("tag"))
		{
			char const *const tag(env.get_attribute_string(itemnode, "tag", ""));
			m_screen = dynamic_cast<screen_device *>(env.device().subdevice(tag));
			if (!m_screen)
				throw layout_reference_error(util::string_format("invalid screen tag '%d'", tag));
		}
		else if (!m_screen)
		{
			throw layout_reference_error(util::string_format("invalid screen index %d", index));
		}
	}
	else if (!m_element)
	{
		throw layout_syntax_error(util::string_format("item of type %s require an element tag", itemnode.get_name()));
	}
}


//-------------------------------------------------
//  item - destructor
//-------------------------------------------------

layout_view::item::~item()
{
}


//-------------------------------------------------
//  screen_container - retrieve screen container
//-------------------------------------------------


render_container *layout_view::item::screen_container(running_machine &machine) const
{
	return (m_screen != nullptr) ? &m_screen->container() : nullptr;
}


//-------------------------------------------------
//  state - fetch state based on configured source
//-------------------------------------------------

int layout_view::item::state() const
{
	assert(m_element);

	if (m_have_output)
	{
		// if configured to track an output, fetch its value
		return m_output;
	}
	else if (!m_input_tag.empty())
	{
		// if configured to an input, fetch the input value
		if (m_input_port)
		{
			if (m_input_raw)
			{
				return (m_input_port->read() & m_input_mask) >> m_input_shift;
			}
			else
			{
				ioport_field const *const field(m_input_field ? m_input_field : m_input_port->field(m_input_mask));
				if (field)
					return ((m_input_port->read() ^ field->defvalue()) & m_input_mask) ? 1 : 0;
			}
		}
	}

	return 0;
}


//---------------------------------------------
//  resolve_tags - resolve tags, if any are set
//---------------------------------------------

void layout_view::item::resolve_tags()
{
	if (!m_input_tag.empty())
	{
		m_input_port = m_element->machine().root_device().ioport(m_input_tag.c_str());
		if (m_input_port)
		{
			for (ioport_field &field : m_input_port->fields())
			{
				if (field.mask() & m_input_mask)
				{
					if (field.condition().condition() == ioport_condition::ALWAYS)
						m_input_field = &field;
					break;
				}
			}
		}
	}
}


//---------------------------------------------
//  find_element - find element definition
//---------------------------------------------

layout_element *layout_view::item::find_element(environment &env, util::xml::data_node const &itemnode, element_map &elemmap)
{
	char const *const name(env.get_attribute_string(itemnode, !strcmp(itemnode.get_name(), "element") ? "ref" : "element", nullptr));
	if (!name)
		return nullptr;

	// search the list of elements for a match, error if not found
	element_map::iterator const found(elemmap.find(name));
	if (elemmap.end() != found)
		return &found->second;
	else
		throw layout_syntax_error(util::string_format("unable to find element %s", name));
}


//---------------------------------------------
//  make_bounds - get transformed bounds
//---------------------------------------------

render_bounds layout_view::item::make_bounds(
		environment &env,
		util::xml::data_node const &itemnode,
		layout_group::transform const &trans)
{
	render_bounds bounds;
	env.parse_bounds(itemnode.get_child("bounds"), bounds);
	render_bounds_transform(bounds, trans);
	if (bounds.x0 > bounds.x1)
		std::swap(bounds.x0, bounds.x1);
	if (bounds.y0 > bounds.y1)
		std::swap(bounds.y0, bounds.y1);
	return bounds;
}


//---------------------------------------------
//  make_input_tag - get absolute input tag
//---------------------------------------------

std::string layout_view::item::make_input_tag(environment &env, util::xml::data_node const &itemnode)
{
	char const *tag(env.get_attribute_string(itemnode, "inputtag", nullptr));
	return tag ? env.device().subtag(tag) : std::string();
}


//---------------------------------------------
//  get_blend_mode - explicit or implicit blend
//---------------------------------------------

int layout_view::item::get_blend_mode(environment &env, util::xml::data_node const &itemnode)
{
	// see if there's a blend mode attribute
	char const *const mode(env.get_attribute_string(itemnode, "blend", nullptr));
	if (mode)
	{
		if (!strcmp(mode, "none"))
			return BLENDMODE_NONE;
		else if (!strcmp(mode, "alpha"))
			return BLENDMODE_ALPHA;
		else if (!strcmp(mode, "multiply"))
			return BLENDMODE_RGB_MULTIPLY;
		else if (!strcmp(mode, "add"))
			return BLENDMODE_ADD;
		else
			throw layout_syntax_error(util::string_format("unknown blend mode %s", mode));
	}

	// fall back to implicit blend mode based on element type
	if (!strcmp(itemnode.get_name(), "screen"))
		return -1; // magic number recognised by render.cpp to allow per-element blend mode
	else if (!strcmp(itemnode.get_name(), "overlay"))
		return BLENDMODE_RGB_MULTIPLY;
	else
		return BLENDMODE_ALPHA;
}



//**************************************************************************
//  LAYOUT FILE
//**************************************************************************

//-------------------------------------------------
//  layout_file - constructor
//-------------------------------------------------

layout_file::layout_file(device_t &device, util::xml::data_node const &rootnode, char const *dirname)
	: m_elemmap()
	, m_viewlist()
{
	try
	{
		environment env(device);

		// find the layout node
		util::xml::data_node const *const mamelayoutnode = rootnode.get_child("mamelayout");
		if (!mamelayoutnode)
			throw layout_syntax_error("missing mamelayout node");

		// validate the config data version
		int const version = mamelayoutnode->get_attribute_int("version", 0);
		if (version != LAYOUT_VERSION)
			throw layout_syntax_error(util::string_format("unsupported version %d", version));

		// parse all the parameters, elements and groups
		group_map groupmap;
		add_elements(dirname, env, *mamelayoutnode, groupmap, false, true);

		// parse all the views
		for (util::xml::data_node const *viewnode = mamelayoutnode->get_child("view"); viewnode != nullptr; viewnode = viewnode->get_next_sibling("view"))
		{
			// the trouble with allowing errors to propagate here is that it wreaks havoc with screenless systems that use a terminal by default
			// e.g. intlc44 and intlc440 have a terminal on the tty port by default and have a view with the front panel with the terminal screen
			// however, they have a second view with just the front panel which is very useful if you're using e.g. -tty null_modem with a socket
			// if the error is allowed to propagate, the entire layout is dropped so you can't select the useful view
			try
			{
				m_viewlist.emplace_back(env, *viewnode, m_elemmap, groupmap);
			}
			catch (layout_reference_error const &err)
			{
				osd_printf_warning("Error instantiating layout view %s: %s\n", env.get_attribute_string(*viewnode, "name", ""), err.what());
			}
		}
	}
	catch (layout_syntax_error const &err)
	{
		// syntax errors are always fatal
		throw emu_fatalerror("Error parsing XML layout: %s", err.what());
	}
}


//-------------------------------------------------
//  ~layout_file - destructor
//-------------------------------------------------

layout_file::~layout_file()
{
}


void layout_file::add_elements(
		char const *dirname,
		environment &env,
		util::xml::data_node const &parentnode,
		group_map &groupmap,
		bool repeat,
		bool init)
{
	for (util::xml::data_node const *childnode = parentnode.get_first_child(); childnode; childnode = childnode->get_next_sibling())
	{
		if (!strcmp(childnode->get_name(), "param"))
		{
			if (!repeat)
				env.set_parameter(*childnode);
			else
				env.set_repeat_parameter(*childnode, init);
		}
		else if (!strcmp(childnode->get_name(), "element"))
		{
			char const *const name(env.get_attribute_string(*childnode, "name", nullptr));
			if (!name)
				throw layout_syntax_error("element lacks name attribute");
			if (!m_elemmap.emplace(std::piecewise_construct, std::forward_as_tuple(name), std::forward_as_tuple(env, *childnode, dirname)).second)
				throw layout_syntax_error(util::string_format("duplicate element name %s", name));
		}
		else if (!strcmp(childnode->get_name(), "group"))
		{
			char const *const name(env.get_attribute_string(*childnode, "name", nullptr));
			if (!name)
				throw layout_syntax_error("group lacks name attribute");
			if (!groupmap.emplace(std::piecewise_construct, std::forward_as_tuple(name), std::forward_as_tuple(*childnode)).second)
				throw layout_syntax_error(util::string_format("duplicate group name %s", name));
		}
		else if (!strcmp(childnode->get_name(), "repeat"))
		{
			int const count(env.get_attribute_int(*childnode, "count", -1));
			if (0 >= count)
				throw layout_syntax_error("repeat must have positive integer count attribute");
			environment local(env);
			for (int i = 0; count > i; ++i)
			{
				add_elements(dirname, local, *childnode, groupmap, true, !i);
				local.increment_parameters();
			}
		}
		else if (repeat || (strcmp(childnode->get_name(), "view") && strcmp(childnode->get_name(), "script")))
		{
			throw layout_syntax_error(util::string_format("unknown layout item %s", childnode->get_name()));
		}
	}
}