// license:GPL-2.0+ // copyright-holders:Juergen Buchmueller /****************************************************************************** kim1.cpp - KIM-1 LED: six 7-segment LEDs left 4 digits (address) right 2 digits (data) Keyboard: 23 keys and SST switch 0-F 16 keys to enter data AD address entry mode DA data entry mode + increment address PC recalls address stored in the Program Counter RS system reset GO execute program ST program stop SST single step slide switch How to use cassette: 00F1 00 to clear decimal mode 17F5-17F6 start address low and high 17F7-17F8 end address low and high 17F9 2 digit program ID 1800 press GO to save tape 1873 press GO to load tape NOTE: save end address is next address from program end The cassette interface ====================== The KIM-1 stores data on cassette using 2 frequencies: ~3700Hz (high) and ~2400Hz (low). A high tone is output for 9 cycles and a low tone for 6 cycles. A logic bit is encoded using 3 sequences of high and low tones. It always starts with a high tone and ends with a low tone. The middle tone is high for a logic 0 and low for 0 logic 1. These high and low tone signals are fed to a circuit containing a LM565 PLL and a 311 comparator. For a high tone a 1 is passed to DB7 of 6530-U2 for a low tone a 0 is passed. The KIM-1 software measures the time it takes for the signal to change from 1 to 0. Keyboard and Display logic ========================== PA0-PA6 of 6530-U2 are connected to the columns of the keyboard matrix. These columns are also connected to segments A-G of the LEDs. PB1-PB3 of 6530-U2 are connected to a 74145 BCD which connects outputs 0-2 to the rows of the keyboard matrix. Outputs 4-9 of the 74145 are connected to LEDs U18-U23 When a key is pressed the corresponding input to PA0-PA6 is set low and the KIM-1 software reads this signal. The KIM-1 software sends an output signal to PA0-PA6 and the corresponding segments of an LED are illuminated. TODO: - LEDs should be dark at startup (RS key to activate) - hook up Single Step dip switch - slots for expansion & application ports - add TTY support Paste test: N-0100=11^22^33^44^55^66^77^88^99^-0100= Press UP to verify data. ******************************************************************************/ #include "emu.h" #include "cpu/m6502/m6502.h" #include "formats/kim1_cas.h" #include "imagedev/cassette.h" #include "machine/mos6530.h" #include "machine/timer.h" #include "video/pwm.h" #include "softlist_dev.h" #include "speaker.h" #include "kim1.lh" namespace { //************************************************************************** // TYPE DEFINITIONS //************************************************************************** class kim1_state : public driver_device { public: kim1_state(const machine_config &mconfig, device_type type, const char *tag) : driver_device(mconfig, type, tag) , m_maincpu(*this, "maincpu") , m_miot(*this, "miot%u", 0) , m_digit_pwm(*this, "digit_pwm") , m_cass(*this, "cassette") , m_row(*this, "ROW%u", 0U) , m_special(*this, "SPECIAL") { } DECLARE_INPUT_CHANGED_MEMBER(trigger_reset); DECLARE_INPUT_CHANGED_MEMBER(trigger_nmi); void kim1(machine_config &config); private: uint8_t kim1_u2_read_a(); void kim1_u2_write_a(uint8_t data); uint8_t kim1_u2_read_b(); void kim1_u2_write_b(uint8_t data); // device overrides virtual void machine_start() override; virtual void machine_reset() override; TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(kim1_cassette_input); void mem_map(address_map &map); // devices required_device m_maincpu; required_device_array m_miot; required_device m_digit_pwm; required_device m_cass; required_ioport_array<3> m_row; required_ioport m_special; uint8_t m_u2_port_b; uint8_t m_311_output; uint32_t m_cassette_high_count; }; //************************************************************************** // ADDRESS MAPS //************************************************************************** void kim1_state::mem_map(address_map &map) { map.global_mask(0x1fff); map(0x0000, 0x03ff).ram(); map(0x1700, 0x173f).rw(m_miot[1], FUNC(mos6530_device::read), FUNC(mos6530_device::write)); map(0x1740, 0x177f).rw(m_miot[0], FUNC(mos6530_device::read), FUNC(mos6530_device::write)); map(0x1780, 0x17ff).ram(); map(0x1800, 0x1fff).rom().region("maincpu",0); } INPUT_CHANGED_MEMBER(kim1_state::trigger_reset) { // RS key input m_maincpu->set_input_line(INPUT_LINE_RESET, newval ? CLEAR_LINE : ASSERT_LINE); } INPUT_CHANGED_MEMBER(kim1_state::trigger_nmi) { // ST key input m_maincpu->set_input_line(INPUT_LINE_NMI, newval ? CLEAR_LINE : ASSERT_LINE); } //************************************************************************** // INPUT PORTS //************************************************************************** static INPUT_PORTS_START( kim1 ) PORT_START("ROW0") PORT_BIT( 0x80, 0x00, IPT_UNUSED ) PORT_BIT( 0x40, 0x40, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("0") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_0) PORT_CHAR('0') PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_0_PAD) PORT_BIT( 0x20, 0x20, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("1") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_1) PORT_CHAR('1') PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_1_PAD) PORT_BIT( 0x10, 0x10, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("2") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_2) PORT_CHAR('2') PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_2_PAD) PORT_BIT( 0x08, 0x08, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("3") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_3) PORT_CHAR('3') PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_3_PAD) PORT_BIT( 0x04, 0x04, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("4") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_4) PORT_CHAR('4') PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_4_PAD) PORT_BIT( 0x02, 0x02, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("5") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_5) PORT_CHAR('5') PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_5_PAD) PORT_BIT( 0x01, 0x01, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("6") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_6) PORT_CHAR('6') PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_6_PAD) PORT_START("ROW1") PORT_BIT( 0x80, 0x00, IPT_UNUSED ) PORT_BIT( 0x40, 0x40, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("7") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_7) PORT_CHAR('7') PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_7_PAD) PORT_BIT( 0x20, 0x20, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("8") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_8) PORT_CHAR('8') PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_8_PAD) PORT_BIT( 0x10, 0x10, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("9") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_9) PORT_CHAR('9') PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_9_PAD) PORT_BIT( 0x08, 0x08, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("A") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_A) PORT_CHAR('A') PORT_BIT( 0x04, 0x04, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("B") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_B) PORT_CHAR('B') PORT_BIT( 0x02, 0x02, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("C") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_C) PORT_CHAR('C') PORT_BIT( 0x01, 0x01, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("D") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_D) PORT_CHAR('D') PORT_START("ROW2") PORT_BIT( 0x80, 0x00, IPT_UNUSED ) PORT_BIT( 0x40, 0x40, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("E") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_E) PORT_CHAR('E') PORT_BIT( 0x20, 0x20, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("F") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_F) PORT_CHAR('F') PORT_BIT( 0x10, 0x10, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("AD") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_MINUS) PORT_CHAR('-') PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_MINUS_PAD) PORT_BIT( 0x08, 0x08, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("DA") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_EQUALS) PORT_CHAR('=') PORT_BIT( 0x04, 0x04, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("+") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_UP) PORT_CHAR('^') PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_PLUS_PAD) PORT_BIT( 0x02, 0x02, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("GO") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_ENTER) PORT_CHAR('X') PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_ENTER_PAD) PORT_BIT( 0x01, 0x01, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("PC") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_F6) PORT_START("SPECIAL") PORT_BIT( 0x80, 0x00, IPT_UNUSED ) PORT_BIT( 0x40, 0x40, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("sw1: ST") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_F7) PORT_CHANGED_MEMBER(DEVICE_SELF, kim1_state, trigger_nmi, 0) PORT_CHAR('S') PORT_BIT( 0x20, 0x20, IPT_KEYBOARD ) PORT_NAME("sw2: RS") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_F3) PORT_CHANGED_MEMBER(DEVICE_SELF, kim1_state, trigger_reset, 0) PORT_CHAR('N') PORT_DIPNAME(0x10, 0x10, "sw3: SS") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_NUMLOCK) PORT_TOGGLE PORT_DIPSETTING( 0x00, "single step") PORT_DIPSETTING( 0x10, "run") PORT_BIT( 0x08, 0x00, IPT_UNUSED ) PORT_BIT( 0x04, 0x00, IPT_UNUSED ) PORT_BIT( 0x02, 0x00, IPT_UNUSED ) PORT_BIT( 0x01, 0x00, IPT_UNUSED ) INPUT_PORTS_END uint8_t kim1_state::kim1_u2_read_a() { uint8_t data = 0xff; // Read from keyboard offs_t const sel = (m_u2_port_b >> 1) & 0x0f; if (3U > sel) data = m_row[sel]->read(); return data; } void kim1_state::kim1_u2_write_a(uint8_t data) { // Write to 7-segment LEDs m_digit_pwm->write_mx(data & 0x7f); } uint8_t kim1_state::kim1_u2_read_b() { if (m_miot[0]->portb_out_get() & 0x20) return 0xff; // Load from cassette return 0x7f | (m_311_output ^ 0x80); } void kim1_state::kim1_u2_write_b(uint8_t data) { m_u2_port_b = data; // Select 7-segment LED m_digit_pwm->write_my(1 << (data >> 1 & 0xf) >> 4); // Cassette write/speaker update if (data & 0x20) m_cass->output((data & 0x80) ? -1.0 : 1.0); // Set IRQ when bit 7 is cleared } TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(kim1_state::kim1_cassette_input) { double tap_val = m_cass->input(); if (tap_val <= 0) { if (m_cassette_high_count) { m_311_output = (m_cassette_high_count < 8) ? 0x80 : 0; m_cassette_high_count = 0; } } if (tap_val > 0) m_cassette_high_count++; } void kim1_state::machine_start() { // Register for save states save_item(NAME(m_u2_port_b)); save_item(NAME(m_311_output)); save_item(NAME(m_cassette_high_count)); } void kim1_state::machine_reset() { m_311_output = 0; m_cassette_high_count = 0; } //************************************************************************** // MACHINE DRIVERS //************************************************************************** void kim1_state::kim1(machine_config &config) { // basic machine hardware M6502(config, m_maincpu, 1_MHz_XTAL); m_maincpu->set_addrmap(AS_PROGRAM, &kim1_state::mem_map); // video hardware PWM_DISPLAY(config, m_digit_pwm).set_size(6, 7); m_digit_pwm->set_segmask(0x3f, 0x7f); config.set_default_layout(layout_kim1); // devices MOS6530(config, m_miot[0], 1_MHz_XTAL); // u2 m_miot[0]->in_pa_callback().set(FUNC(kim1_state::kim1_u2_read_a)); m_miot[0]->out_pa_callback().set(FUNC(kim1_state::kim1_u2_write_a)); m_miot[0]->in_pb_callback().set(FUNC(kim1_state::kim1_u2_read_b)); m_miot[0]->out_pb_callback().set(FUNC(kim1_state::kim1_u2_write_b)); MOS6530(config, m_miot[1], 1_MHz_XTAL); // u3 CASSETTE(config, m_cass); m_cass->set_formats(kim1_cassette_formats); m_cass->set_default_state(CASSETTE_STOPPED); m_cass->add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.05); m_cass->set_interface ("kim1_cass"); SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center(); TIMER(config, "cassette_timer").configure_periodic(FUNC(kim1_state::kim1_cassette_input), attotime::from_hz(44100)); // software list SOFTWARE_LIST(config, "cass_list").set_original("kim1_cass"); } //************************************************************************** // ROM DEFINITIONS //************************************************************************** ROM_START(kim1) ROM_REGION(0x0800,"maincpu",0) ROM_LOAD("6530-003.bin", 0x0000, 0x0400, CRC(a2a56502) SHA1(60b6e48f35fe4899e29166641bac3e81e3b9d220)) ROM_LOAD("6530-002.bin", 0x0400, 0x0400, CRC(2b08e923) SHA1(054f7f6989af3a59462ffb0372b6f56f307b5362)) ROM_END } // anonymous namespace //************************************************************************** // SYSTEM DRIVERS //************************************************************************** // YEAR NAME PARENT COMPAT MACHINE INPUT CLASS INIT COMPANY FULLNAME FLAGS COMP( 1975, kim1, 0, 0, kim1, kim1, kim1_state, empty_init, "MOS Technologies", "KIM-1", MACHINE_SUPPORTS_SAVE)